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unreliable+part

  • 1 ненадежный элемент

    Русско-английский словарь по нефти и газу > ненадежный элемент

  • 2 bovu

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] rotten
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    [Swahili Example] mvumbika changa hula mbovu (methali)
    [English Example] one who stores half grown fruit eats it rotten (proverb)
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] spoiled
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] decayed
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] bad
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] dilapidated
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] defective
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] wretched
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] unhealthy
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] unwholesome
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] worthless
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -bovu
    [English Word] unreliable
    [Part of Speech] adjective
    [Related Words] ubovu
    [Swahili Example] mtu mbovu
    [English Example] unreliable person
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Swahili-english dictionary > bovu

  • 3 ненадёжный элемент

    Универсальный русско-английский словарь > ненадёжный элемент

  • 4 incumplido

    adj.
    1 unfulfilled.
    2 untrustworthy, unreliable.
    past part.
    past participle of spanish verb: incumplir.
    * * *
    1 (promesa) broken
    * * *
    * * *
    - da adjetivo (AmL exc CS) unreliable
    * * *
    - da adjetivo (AmL exc CS) unreliable
    * * *
    (Col, Méx, Per) unreliable
    * * *

    Del verbo incumplir: ( conjugate incumplir)

    incumplido es:

    el participio

    Multiple Entries:
    incumplido    
    incumplir
    incumplido
    ◊ -da adjetivo (AmL exc CS) unreliable

    incumplir ( conjugate incumplir) verbo transitivo ‹ley/promesa› to break;

    ‹ contrato› to breach
    verbo intransitivo (AmL exc CS):

    incumplió a la cita she didn't show o turn up
    incumplir verbo transitivo not to fulfil
    (deber) to fail to fulfil
    (promesa, contrato) to break
    (orden) to fail to carry out

    * * *
    incumplido, -a Col, Méx, Perú
    ♦ adj
    unreliable
    ♦ nm,f
    unreliable person
    * * *
    incumplido, -da adj
    : irresponsible, unreliable

    Spanish-English dictionary > incumplido

  • 5 kigeugeu

    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [Swahili Plural] vigeugeu
    [English Word] fickle person
    [English Plural] fickle people
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8an
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [Swahili Plural] vigeugeu
    [English Word] unreliable person
    [English Plural] unreliable people
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8an
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [Swahili Plural] vigeugeu
    [English Word] unbalanced person
    [English Plural] unbalanced people
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8an
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [Swahili Plural] vigeugeu
    [English Word] chameleon
    [Part of Speech] noun
    [Class] 7/8
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [English Word] inconstant
    [Part of Speech] adj/adv
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [English Word] changeable
    [Part of Speech] adj/adv
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [English Word] vacillating
    [Part of Speech] adj/adv
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] kigeugeu
    [English Word] fickle
    [Part of Speech] adj/adv
    [Related Words] -geuka
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -fanyia kigeugeu
    [English Word] make vacillate
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Related Words] -fanyia
    ------------------------------------------------------------
    [Swahili Word] -fanyia kigeugeu
    [English Word] make waiver
    [Part of Speech] verb
    [Related Words] -fanyia
    ------------------------------------------------------------

    Swahili-english dictionary > kigeugeu

  • 6 en relación con

    = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, for purposes of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with
    Ex. Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.
    Ex. Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.
    Ex. There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex. It is easiest to discuss the criteria for effective schedules in relation to the treatment of specific subjects.
    Ex. It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex. And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex. Indeed, the changes are so rapid and so diverse, our plans for the future must also include what is presently possible in the way of information dissemination.
    Ex. Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.
    Ex. It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.
    Ex. The information note following the explanatory heading provides guidance to the user of the catalogue vis à vis the conventions used in formulating uniform headings.
    Ex. General points have been illustrated with reference to the cataloguing of books.
    Ex. KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.
    Ex. After a few tangential remarks apropos of nothing, Carmichael left, a considerably less anxious person.
    Ex. This article reviews the mission of the ALA's Committee on Accreditation (COA) and examines its role as it relates to the education of librarians qualified to work with children and young people.
    Ex. The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.
    Ex. This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex. Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.
    Ex. This reawakening brought a determination to help make atomic energy a positive factor for humanity but things have gone from bad to worse re genuine disarmament.
    Ex. In major enumerative schemes synthesis is often controlled by careful instructions regarding citation order.
    Ex. Thus, self-presentation becomes a dynamic conception of people structuring their relations apropos to their life-space, rather than a theory of how to win friends and influence people.
    Ex. We now know enough in reference to the prevention and cure of communicable diseases so that the average human life might be lengthened by a third.
    Ex. Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.
    Ex. This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.
    * * *
    = in association with, in conjunction with, in connection with, in relation to, in respect of, in terms of, in the way of, relating to, relative to, vis à vis, with reference to, with regard(s) to, apropos of, as it relates to, in the context of, for purposes of, on the matter of, re, regarding, apropos to, in reference to, concerning, in keeping with

    Ex: Notices conveying, for example, the essential elements of the catalogue are likely to be especially important in association with microfilm or card catalogues.

    Ex: Rules for any given class must be used in conjunction with the schedules for that class.
    Ex: There is an index to the schedules, but this has been criticised in connection with the size of the entry vocabulary.
    Ex: It is easiest to discuss the criteria for effective schedules in relation to the treatment of specific subjects.
    Ex: It is perhaps fortunate that the array of terms that are used to describe indexes is a little more restricted than the variety of terms used in respect of catalogues.
    Ex: And we have all of the ingredients for the creation of an atmosphere in which the proponents of expediency could couch their arguments in terms of cost effectiveness.
    Ex: Indeed, the changes are so rapid and so diverse, our plans for the future must also include what is presently possible in the way of information dissemination.
    Ex: Recommendations relating to analytical cataloguing practices concern themselves primarily with the way in which the part of a document or work to be accessed is described.
    Ex: It was apparent that the responders to the investigation were somewhat unsure of their future situation relative to the burgeoning information education market = Era claro que los entrevistados en la investigacion no se sentían muy seguros sobre su situación futura en relación con el incipiente mercado de las enseñanzas de documentación.
    Ex: The information note following the explanatory heading provides guidance to the user of the catalogue vis à vis the conventions used in formulating uniform headings.
    Ex: General points have been illustrated with reference to the cataloguing of books.
    Ex: KWOC or Keyword Out of Context indexes are intended to improve upon KWIC indexes, with regards to layout and presentation.
    Ex: After a few tangential remarks apropos of nothing, Carmichael left, a considerably less anxious person.
    Ex: This article reviews the mission of the ALA's Committee on Accreditation (COA) and examines its role as it relates to the education of librarians qualified to work with children and young people.
    Ex: The exploration aims to view table of contents terminology in the context of functions served by other representations of subject information, including Library of Congress subject headings, work title terminology, and author-contributed front matter.
    Ex: This article discusses the advantages to libraries of computer technology for purposes of bibliographic control and on-line access.
    Ex: Again, on the matter of the sources already consulted by the enquirer, the implication is not that he is unreliable or deceitful, but that in looking up the Encyclopedia Americana he may not be aware of the existence of the index.
    Ex: This reawakening brought a determination to help make atomic energy a positive factor for humanity but things have gone from bad to worse re genuine disarmament.
    Ex: In major enumerative schemes synthesis is often controlled by careful instructions regarding citation order.
    Ex: Thus, self-presentation becomes a dynamic conception of people structuring their relations apropos to their life-space, rather than a theory of how to win friends and influence people.
    Ex: We now know enough in reference to the prevention and cure of communicable diseases so that the average human life might be lengthened by a third.
    Ex: Having been alerted to the existence of a document, the user needs information concerning the actual location of the document, in order that the document may be read.
    Ex: This revised chapter modified the code in keeping with the recently agreed ISBD(M), and proposed a slightly different description for monographs.

    Spanish-English dictionary > en relación con

  • 7 seleccionar

    v.
    to pick, to select.
    * * *
    1 to select
    * * *
    verb
    * * *
    VT to select, pick, choose
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to select, choose
    * * *
    = cull, identify, make + selections, recruit, seek out, select, sift, single out, sort through, screen out, screen, pick, winnow, search out, vet, make + choices.
    Ex. The contents of an extract will often be culled from the results, conclusions or recommendations, i.e. the concluding segments, of the document.
    Ex. Once identified, all of these searchable elements are merged into an existing file or dictionary of searchable elements.
    Ex. You can make selections from them exactly as you can from the command menu.
    Ex. Reduced establishments have made it very difficult to recruit new IT talent.
    Ex. Her article urges librarians not to buy inferior biographies simply to fill gaps in their collections but to seek out the best of the genre.
    Ex. An extract is one o more portions of a document selected to represent the whole document.
    Ex. Thus many non-relevant documents have been retrieved and examined in the process of sifting relevant and non-relevant documents.
    Ex. Conference proceedings are singled out for special attention because they are an important category of material in relation to abstracting and indexing publications.
    Ex. Thus, in order to search the index, the searcher will seek some type of assistance in sorting through these large numbers of entries which are likely to be found under various headings.
    Ex. Most journals rely for a substantial part of their income on advertisements; how would advertisers view the prospect of being selectively screened out by readers?.
    Ex. Employers should take a preventive role in protecting women's general health, for example, screening women workers for cervical cancer.
    Ex. The network itself is assumed to be unreliable; any portion of the network could disappear at any moment ( pick your favorite catastrophe -- these days backhoes cutting cables are more of a threat than bombs).
    Ex. Not only are entries weeded in order to be subject-specific, but those weeded entries are winnowed even further so that only useful information is left.
    Ex. On any one occasion there will always be children who do not want to borrow or buy, but they are still learning to live with books and how to search out the ones that interest them.
    Ex. All three types of material, when first received by DG XIII, are submitted to the Technological Information and Patents Division of DG XIII in order to vet items for possible patentable inventions.
    Ex. Frequently it is necessary for the librarian or information worker to make choices concerning record size and field size.
    ----
    * menú de Seleccione un Fichero = Select a File menu.
    * seleccionar como relevante = hit.
    * seleccionar cuidadosamente = handpick.
    * seleccionar de antemano = preselect.
    * seleccionar en pantalla usando el contraste de colores = highlight.
    * seleccionar registros = mark + records.
    * seleccionar una función = invoke + function.
    * seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.
    * sin seleccionar = unselected.
    * * *
    verbo transitivo to select, choose
    * * *
    = cull, identify, make + selections, recruit, seek out, select, sift, single out, sort through, screen out, screen, pick, winnow, search out, vet, make + choices.

    Ex: The contents of an extract will often be culled from the results, conclusions or recommendations, i.e. the concluding segments, of the document.

    Ex: Once identified, all of these searchable elements are merged into an existing file or dictionary of searchable elements.
    Ex: You can make selections from them exactly as you can from the command menu.
    Ex: Reduced establishments have made it very difficult to recruit new IT talent.
    Ex: Her article urges librarians not to buy inferior biographies simply to fill gaps in their collections but to seek out the best of the genre.
    Ex: An extract is one o more portions of a document selected to represent the whole document.
    Ex: Thus many non-relevant documents have been retrieved and examined in the process of sifting relevant and non-relevant documents.
    Ex: Conference proceedings are singled out for special attention because they are an important category of material in relation to abstracting and indexing publications.
    Ex: Thus, in order to search the index, the searcher will seek some type of assistance in sorting through these large numbers of entries which are likely to be found under various headings.
    Ex: Most journals rely for a substantial part of their income on advertisements; how would advertisers view the prospect of being selectively screened out by readers?.
    Ex: Employers should take a preventive role in protecting women's general health, for example, screening women workers for cervical cancer.
    Ex: The network itself is assumed to be unreliable; any portion of the network could disappear at any moment ( pick your favorite catastrophe -- these days backhoes cutting cables are more of a threat than bombs).
    Ex: Not only are entries weeded in order to be subject-specific, but those weeded entries are winnowed even further so that only useful information is left.
    Ex: On any one occasion there will always be children who do not want to borrow or buy, but they are still learning to live with books and how to search out the ones that interest them.
    Ex: All three types of material, when first received by DG XIII, are submitted to the Technological Information and Patents Division of DG XIII in order to vet items for possible patentable inventions.
    Ex: Frequently it is necessary for the librarian or information worker to make choices concerning record size and field size.
    * menú de Seleccione un Fichero = Select a File menu.
    * seleccionar como relevante = hit.
    * seleccionar cuidadosamente = handpick.
    * seleccionar de antemano = preselect.
    * seleccionar en pantalla usando el contraste de colores = highlight.
    * seleccionar registros = mark + records.
    * seleccionar una función = invoke + function.
    * seleccionar y presentar en un documento = package.
    * sin seleccionar = unselected.

    * * *
    vt
    to select, choose, pick
    * * *

     

    seleccionar ( conjugate seleccionar) verbo transitivo
    to select, choose
    seleccionar verbo transitivo to select
    ' seleccionar' also found in these entries:
    English:
    pick
    - select
    * * *
    to pick, to select
    * * *
    v/t choose, select
    * * *
    elegir: to select, to choose
    * * *
    seleccionar vb to select

    Spanish-English dictionary > seleccionar

  • 8 epäluotettava

    yks.nom. epäluotettava; yks.gen. epäluotettavan; yks.part. epäluotettavaa; yks.ill. epäluotettavaan; mon.gen. epäluotettavien epäluotettavain; mon.part. epäluotettavia; mon.ill. epäluotettaviin
    unreliable (adje)
    unsound (adje)
    untrustworthy (adje)
    * * *
    • unsound
    • untrusty
    • unsteady
    • untruthful
    • unsafe
    • unreliable
    • unfaithful
    • treacherous
    • fickle
    • dishonest
    • devious
    • defective
    • deceitful
    • capricious
    • untrustworthy

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > epäluotettava

  • 9 epävarma

    yks.nom. epävarma; yks.gen. epävarman; yks.part. epävarmaa; yks.ill. epävarmaan; mon.gen. epävarmojen epävarmain; mon.part. epävarmoja; mon.ill. epävarmoihin
    broken (adje)
    dicey (adje)
    doubtful (adje)
    dubious (adje)
    hesitant (adje)
    insecure (adje)
    precarious (adje)
    problematic (adje)
    questionable (adje)
    shaky (adje)
    uncertain (adje)
    undecided (adje)
    undetermined (adje)
    unreliable (adje)
    unsafe (adje)
    unsound (adje)
    unstable (adje)
    unsteady (adje)
    vacillating (adje)
    vague (adje)
    not sure wobbly (noun)
    * * *
    law
    • unstable
    law
    • unreliable
    law
    • unsafe
    law
    • unsound
    law
    • undetermined
    law
    • unsteady
    law
    • unsure
    law
    • vacillating
    law
    • vague
    law
    • aleatory
    • undecided
    law
    • wobbly
    • ignorant
    law
    • ancipital
    law
    • broken
    • capricious
    law
    • dicey
    law
    • double-minded
    law
    • doubtful
    • dubious
    law
    • fluttered
    law
    • hesitant
    • uncertain
    law
    • in doubt
    law
    • insecure
    • irregular
    • labile
    law
    • not sure
    • precarious
    law
    • problematical
    law
    • questionable
    law
    • shaky
    • suspicious
    law
    • groping

    Suomi-Englanti sanakirja > epävarma

  • 10 λοβός

    Grammatical information: m.
    Meaning: `lobe, lap, slip' as appellation of several lap- or sliplike parts of body or plant, esp. `lobe of the ear' (Ξ 182), also `lobe of liver' (Hp., A., E., Pl.), `of the lung' (medic.) etc.; `lap, Blättchen des Fliederblattes' (Thphr.), `capsula with seeds, (hanging down) pods of siliquosae- and leguminous plants' ans these themselves, `pod, seed-lobe, fruit-lobe in gen.' (Thphr., Dsc., Gal.). Details in Strömberg Eranos 40, 90ff.; he wants to explain the meaning `pod, case' through popular association with λοπός `shell, bark, scale', which is superfluous with the development of meanings scetched above. Demin. λόβιον (Gal., Dsc.).
    Compounds: Often as 2. member, e.g. πρό-λοβος m. `crop of birds, Adam's apple' (Arist., LXX), but προ-λόβιον `the front part of the lobe of the ear' (Poll., H.); ἔλ-λοβος `in a pod, with pod' (Thphr.; lengthened ἐλλοβ-ώδης `id.'; cf. Strömberg Theophrastea 164), but ἐλ-λόβιον `ear-ring' (Luc., S.E.); ἀντι-λόβιον, - βίς `part of the ear-lobe opposite to the προλόβιον' (medic.); ἐπιλοβίς μέρος τοῦ ἥπατος H.; as adj. in ἡ ἐπιλοβὶς γλῶσσα `lobe of the liver' (of soothsayers, PAmh. 2, 14, 21; III--IVp); as building term καταλοβεύς m. `uppercornice, cross-beam' (Epid., Hierapytna); ὀξυλοβ-έω ' τὸ ταχέως ἀκούω' (Suid.), from *ὀξύ-λοβος, s. Strömberg l.c.
    Derivatives: Dimin. λόβιον (Gal, Dsc.).
    Origin: XX [etym. unknown]
    Etymology: Etymology unknown. Semantically attractive is the connection with NHG Lappen a. cognates., e.g. OE læppa m. `tip, lap', ēar-læppa `ear-lobe', also without expressive gemination as WNo. lapa `hang slack', MLG ōr-lepel `ear-lobe'. Further with deviating ă-vowel Lat. lăbāre `totter, give way' beside long vowel in lābor, lābī `glide'; with initial sl- e.g. MLG slap 'sleck', Lith. slãbnas, OCS slabъ `slack'; extensively on these WP. 2, 431 f., W.- Hofmann s. labō; also Pok. 655 f.; Fraenkel Wb. s. slãbnas, Vasmer Wb. s. slábyj. The IE b may, like the varying vocalisation, be connected with the popular-expressive character of these words. - Connection with Lat. legūmen `leguminous plant etc.' (Fick, Prellwitz) would presuppose IE * legʷ-, which would be more attractive; the Lat. word, however, has also been interpreted differently, s. W.-Hofmann s. v. - Beside λοβός there seems to have been a form *λέβος, s. 1. λεβηρίς (?). If this is correct - but it is rather unreliable - the word may be Pre-Greek; the cited IE forms rather point to a European substratum word.
    Page in Frisk: 2,131-132

    Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > λοβός

  • 11 auch

    Adv.
    1. (ebenfalls) also, too, as well; das kann ich auch I can do that too; kommst du auch mit? are you coming too?; ich habe Durst - ich auch I’m thirsty - me ( oder I am) too; ich glaube es - ich auch I believe it - so do I; ich habe sie gesehen - ich auch I saw her - I did too; ich kann es nicht - ich auch nicht I can’t do it - nor ( oder neither) can I, I can’t either; ich habe keine Zeit - ich auch nicht I don’t have (the) time - nor ( oder neither) do I, I don’t either; nicht nur..., sondern auch not only..., but also; sowohl... als auch... both... and...,... as well as...; auch das noch! that too!
    2. (selbst, sogar) even; wenn auch even if; auch der kleinste Fehler even the smallest mistake ( oder of mistakes); das Fest findet auch bei Regen statt the party will take place even if it rains; ohne auch nur zu fragen without even ( oder so much as) asking
    3. (gleich) was / wer / wo etc. auch ( immer) whatever / whoever / wherever etc.; wer es auch sei whoever it is; mag er auch noch so unfreundlich sein however unpleasant he is ( oder may be); sosehr ich es auch bedaure much as I regret
    4. erklärend: sie ist krank, deshalb ist sie auch nicht gekommen she’s ill, and that’s why she hasn’t come; er hat ja auch schwer gearbeitet he has been working hard(, after all); das hab ich auch nicht gesagt that’s not what I said(, is it?)
    5. zustimmend: so ist es auch absolutely, that’s (exactly) it; so sieht er auch aus umg. he looks it; vom Typ her: auch he looks the sort; das kommt auch noch (das wird kommen) that’s still to come; (schön der Reihe nach!) we’ll cross that bridge when we get to it
    6. ermahnend: ich gebe dir das Buch, nun lies es aber auch now mind you read it though; dass du auch ja vorsichtig bist! you make sure to ( oder and) be careful!
    7. in Fragen, sich vergewissernd: wirst du es auch ( wirklich) tun? are you really going to do it?; ist es auch wahr? is it really true?; haben Sie ihn auch ( wirklich) gesehen? are you sure you saw him?
    8. in rhetorischen Fragen: warum hab ich auch nicht besser aufgepasst? why ever ( oder why on earth) did I not pay more attention?; wie konntest du auch nur so dumm sein? how on earth could you have been so stupid?; wozu auch? what’s the point?
    9. verstärkend: du bist aber auch stur! talk about stubborn umg.; das fehlte auch noch! that’s all I, we etc. needed!, that’s the last straw!; so was aber auch! that of all things!; dass ich aber auch gerade jetzt krank werden muss! why do I have to get ill right now, of all times?; so ist es auch! so it is indeed!, why so it is!; so schlimm ist es auch wieder nicht it isn’t that ( oder so) bad, after all; da können wir auch ( genauso gut) zu Hause bleiben we may as well stay at home
    * * *
    as well; too; also; likewise; even
    * * *
    [aux]
    adv
    1) (= zusätzlich, gleichfalls) also, too, as well

    die Engländer müssen áúch zugeben, dass... — the English must admit too or as well that..., the English must also admit that...

    áúch die Engländer müssen... — the English too must...

    das kann ich áúch — I can do that too or as well

    das ist áúch möglich — that's possible too or as well, that's also possible

    ja, das áúch — yes, that too

    áúch gut — that's OK too

    du áúch? — you too?, you as well?

    áúch nicht — not... either

    das ist áúch nicht richtig — that's not right either

    er kommt – ich áúch — he's coming – so am I or me too

    ich will eins – ich áúch — I want one – so do I or me too

    er kommt nicht – ich áúch nicht — he's not coming – nor or neither am I, he's not coming – I'm not either or me neither

    áúch das noch! — that's all I needed!

    2) (= tatsächlich) too, as well

    und das tue/meine ich áúch — and I'll do it/I mean it too or as well

    wenn sie sagt, sie geht, dann geht sie áúch — if she says she's going then she'll go

    Frechheit! – ja, das ist es áúch — what impudence! – you can say that again

    du siehst müde aus – das bin ich áúch — you look tired – (so) I am

    das ist er ja áúch — (and so) he is

    so ist es áúch — (so) it is

    3) (= sogar) even

    áúch wenn du Vorfahrt hast — even if you (do) have right of way

    ohne áúch nur zu fragen — without even asking

    den Teufel áúch! — damn it (all)! (inf)

    zum Donnerwetter áúch! — blast it! (inf)

    so ein Dummkopf áúch! — what an absolute blockhead! (inf)

    so was Ärgerliches aber áúch! — it's really too annoying!

    wozu áúch? — what on earth for? (inf), whatever for?

    5)

    (= auch immer) wie dem áúch sei — be that as it may

    was er áúch sagen mag — whatever he might say

    und mag er áúch noch so klug sein, wenn er áúch noch so klug ist — however clever he may be

    so schnell er áúch laufen mag — however fast he runs or he may run, no matter how fast he runs

    See:
    → immer
    * * *
    1) (in addition or besides; too: He is studying German but he is also studying French; They know him and I know him also.) also
    2) (in the same way; also: `I hope we'll meet again.' `So do I.'; She has a lot of money and so has her husband.) so
    3) (in addition; also; as well: My husband likes cycling, and I do, too.) too
    4) (in addition; too: If you will go, I'll go as well.) as well
    * * *
    [aux]
    I. adv
    1. (ebenfalls) too, also, as well
    gehst du morgen \auch ins Kino? are you going to the cinema too [or as well] tomorrow?, are you also going to the cinema tomorrow?
    ich habe Hunger, du \auch? I'm hungry, are you [too]?
    Gewalt ist aber \auch keine Lösung! violence is no solution either [or is also no solution]!
    das ist \auch möglich that's also possible, that's possible too [or as well]
    kannst du \auch einen Salto rückwärts? can you also do a summersault backwards?, can you do a summersault backwards too [or as well]?
    ich will ein Eis! — ich \auch! I want an ice-cream! — me too [or so do I]!
    ich liebe Schokolade — ich \auch I love chocolate — so do I [or me too]
    die Regierung muss \auch verstehen, dass... the government must also understand that...
    \auch die Regierung muss Zugeständnisse machen the government too has to make concessions, the government has to make concessions too [or as well]
    \auch gut that's ok [too]
    \auch nicht not either
    wenn du nicht hingehst, gehe ich \auch nicht if you don't go, I won't [go] either [or too]
    ich gehe nicht mit! — ich \auch nicht! I'm not coming! — nor am I [or me neither]!
    sie kommt \auch nicht mit she's not coming either [or too]
    ich gehe \auch nicht zur Party I'm not going to the party either
    2. (außerdem) also; (zu alledem)
    \auch noch on top of everything
    das Haus ist zu teuer und liegt \auch nicht schön the house is too expensive and also not in a nice location
    der Wagen ist unzuverlässig, alt und [dazu] \auch noch zu teuer the car is unreliable, old, and on top of everything, it is too expensive
    und dann hat sie mir \auch noch gesagt, dass sie mich gar nicht mag and on top of everything she told me that she doesn't really like me
    und dann ist \auch noch die Waschmaschine kaputt gegangen! and on top of everything, the washing machine broke!
    \auch das noch! that's all I need!
    \auch nicht not either
    das Essen ist gut und \auch nicht sehr teuer the food is good and not very expensive either [or and also not very expensive]
    es ist zu teuer und es gefällt mir \auch nicht it's too expensive and I also don't like it [or and I don't like it either
    3. (sogar) even
    sie hat \auch trotz ihrer Krankheit nicht den Mut verloren even despite her illness she didn't lose her courage
    der Chef hat eben immer Recht, \auch wenn er Unrecht hat! the boss is always right, even when he's wrong!
    \auch wenn das stimmen sollte, sie werden [es] dir niemals glauben even if it were [or was] true, they will never believe you [or it]
    ohne \auch nur etw zu tun without even doing sth
    sie gab auf, ohne es \auch nur [einmal] zu versuchen she gave up without even trying
    ohne \auch nur zu zögern without any hesitation
    4. (ebenso gut) [just] as well
    wenn du keine Lust dazu hast, können wir \auch hierbleiben if you don't feel like it we may [just] as well stay here
    II. part
    1. (tatsächlich, wirklich)
    ganz so schlecht hat das nun \auch wieder nicht geschmeckt! it didn't taste all that bad!
    wenn ich etwas verspreche, tue ich das \auch! If I promise something then I'll do it!
    ich habe das nicht nur gesagt, ich meine das \auch [so]! I didn't just say it, I mean it!
    du siehst erschöpft aus — das bin ich \auch you look exhausted — I am
    sie ist im Showgeschäft — so sieht sie \auch aus she's in the show business — she looks it
    du hast die Gelegenheit, nutze sie aber \auch you've got the opportunity, mind you make use of it [though]
    alle sagen, seine Übersetzungen seien schlecht — das sind sie [ja] \auch! they all say his translations are bad — and they are!
    sie glaubt, er habe sie nur des Geldes wegen geheiratet — so ist es ja auch [o hat er ja \auch]! she thinks he only married her for her money — and that's the case [or he did]!
    so was Ärgerliches aber \auch! that's really too annoying!
    verdammt aber \auch! (sl) damn it! fam
    wozu \auch? what on earth for?
    wozu [aber] \auch sich widersetzen what's the point in arguing
    so/wie... \auch... however...
    so schnell sie \auch laufen mag... however fast she may run...
    wie sehr du \auch flehst... however much you beg...
    was/wer/wie \auch [immer] however/whoever/whatever
    was er \auch sagen mag, glaub ihm nicht! whatever he may say, don't believe him!
    wie dem \auch sei whatever
    wie dem \auch sei, ich gehe jetzt nach Hause be that as it may, I am going home now
    wenn \auch although, even though
    er ist reich, wenn er es \auch leugnet he is rich, although [or even though] he denies it
    5. (zweifelnd) really
    ist das \auch gut/nicht zu weit? are you sure it's good/not too far?
    bist du dir \auch sicher? are you really sure?
    * * *
    1.
    1) (ebenso, ebenfalls) as well; too; also

    Klaus war auch dabei — Klaus was there as well or too; Klaus was also there

    Ich gehe jetzt. - Ich auch — I'm going now - So am I

    Mir ist warm. - Mir auch — I feel warm - So do I

    ... - Ja, das auch —... - Yes, that too

    was er verspricht, tut er auch — what he promises to do, he does

    nicht nur..., sondern auch... — not only..., but also...

    grüß deine Frau und auch die Kinder — give my regards to your wife and the children too

    sehr gut, aber auch teuer — very good but expensive too

    auch das noch! — that's all I/we etc. need!

    oder auch — or

    oder auch nicht — or not, as the case may be

    ich habe auch keine Lust/kein Geld — I don't feel like it either/don't have any money either

    das hat auch nichts genützt — that did not help either; s. auch sowohl

    2) (sogar, selbst) even

    wenn auch — even if or though

    ohne auch nur zu fragen/eine Sekunde zu zögern — without even asking/hesitating for a second

    3) (außerdem, im übrigen) besides
    2.

    so schlimm ist es auch [wieder] nicht — it's not as bad as all that

    wozu [denn] auch? — what's the point? why should I/you etc.?

    bist du dir auch im klaren, was das bedeutet? — are you sure you understand what that means?

    lügst du auch nicht? — you're not lying, are you?

    3) (mit Interrogativpron.)

    wo.../wer.../wann.../was... usw. auch [immer] — wherever/whoever/whenever/whatever etc....

    mag er auch noch so klug sein — however clever he may be; no matter how clever he is

    * * *
    auch adv
    1. (ebenfalls) also, too, as well;
    das kann ich auch I can do that too;
    kommst du auch mit? are you coming too?;
    ich habe Durst - ich auch I’m thirsty – me ( oder I am) too;
    ich glaube es - ich auch I believe it - so do I;
    ich habe sie gesehen - ich auch I saw her – I did too;
    ich kann es nicht - ich auch nicht I can’t do it - nor ( oder neither) can I, I can’t either;
    ich habe keine Zeit - ich auch nicht I don’t have (the) time - nor ( oder neither) do I, I don’t either;
    nicht nur …, sondern auch not only …, but also;
    sowohl … als auch … both … and …, … as well as …;
    auch das noch! that too!
    2. (selbst, sogar) even;
    wenn auch even if;
    auch der kleinste Fehler even the smallest mistake ( oder of mistakes);
    das Fest findet auch bei Regen statt the party will take place even if it rains;
    ohne auch nur zu fragen without even ( oder so much as) asking
    3. (gleich)
    was/wer/wo etc
    auch (immer) whatever/whoever/wherever etc;
    wer es auch sei whoever it is;
    mag er auch noch so unfreundlich sein however unpleasant he is ( oder may be);
    sosehr ich es auch bedaure much as I regret
    sie ist krank, deshalb ist sie auch nicht gekommen she’s ill, and that’s why she hasn’t come;
    er hat ja auch schwer gearbeitet he has been working hard(, after all);
    das hab ich auch nicht gesagt that’s not what I said(, is it?)
    so ist es auch absolutely, that’s (exactly) it;
    so sieht er auch aus umg he looks it; vom Typ her: auch he looks the sort;
    das kommt auch noch (das wird kommen) that’s still to come; (schön der Reihe nach!) we’ll cross that bridge when we get to it
    6. ermahnend: ich gebe dir das Buch,
    nun lies es aber auch now mind you read it though;
    dass du auch ja vorsichtig bist! you make sure to ( oder and) be careful!
    7. in Fragen, sich vergewissernd:
    wirst du es auch (wirklich) tun? are you really going to do it?;
    ist es auch wahr? is it really true?;
    haben Sie ihn auch (wirklich) gesehen? are you sure you saw him?
    warum hab ich auch nicht besser aufgepasst? why ever ( oder why on earth) did I not pay more attention?;
    wie konntest du auch nur so dumm sein? how on earth could you have been so stupid?;
    wozu auch? what’s the point?
    du bist aber auch stur! talk about stubborn umg;
    das fehlte auch noch! that’s all I, we etc needed!, that’s the last straw!;
    so was aber auch! that of all things!;
    dass ich aber auch gerade jetzt krank werden muss! why do I have to get ill right now, of all times?;
    so ist es auch! so it is indeed!, why so it is!;
    so schlimm ist es auch wieder nicht it isn’t that ( oder so) bad, after all;
    da können wir auch (genauso gut) zu Hause bleiben we may as well stay at home
    * * *
    1.
    1) (ebenso, ebenfalls) as well; too; also

    Klaus war auch dabei — Klaus was there as well or too; Klaus was also there

    Ich gehe jetzt. - Ich auch — I'm going now - So am I

    Mir ist warm. - Mir auch — I feel warm - So do I

    ... - Ja, das auch —... - Yes, that too

    was er verspricht, tut er auch — what he promises to do, he does

    nicht nur..., sondern auch... — not only..., but also...

    sehr gut, aber auch teuer — very good but expensive too

    auch das noch! — that's all I/we etc. need!

    oder auch — or

    oder auch nicht — or not, as the case may be

    ich habe auch keine Lust/kein Geld — I don't feel like it either/don't have any money either

    das hat auch nichts genützt — that did not help either; s. auch sowohl

    2) (sogar, selbst) even

    wenn auch — even if or though

    ohne auch nur zu fragen/eine Sekunde zu zögern — without even asking/hesitating for a second

    3) (außerdem, im übrigen) besides
    2.

    so schlimm ist es auch [wieder] nicht — it's not as bad as all that

    wozu [denn] auch? — what's the point? why should I/you etc.?

    bist du dir auch im klaren, was das bedeutet? — are you sure you understand what that means?

    lügst du auch nicht? — you're not lying, are you?

    3) (mit Interrogativpron.)

    wo.../wer.../wann.../was... usw. auch [immer] — wherever/whoever/whenever/whatever etc....

    mag er auch noch so klug sein — however clever he may be; no matter how clever he is

    so oft ich auch anrief — however often I rang; no matter how often I rang

    * * *
    adv.
    also adv.
    as well adv.
    too adv.

    Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch > auch

  • 12 chueco

    adj.
    1 crooked, dishonest.
    2 shady, false, ill-reputed.
    m.
    double-crosser, betrayer, snake in the grass.
    * * *
    ADJ LAm
    1) (=torcido) crooked, bent
    2) (=patizambo) bandy-legged
    3) And, Cono Sur (=patituerto) pigeon-toed
    4) Méx (=manco) one-armed; (=con una sola pierna) one-legged
    5) Méx (=de mala vida) loose-living; (=sospechoso) suspicious
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) (AmL) ( torcido) crooked, askew
    2) (Chi, Méx fam) ( deshonesto) < persona> crooked (colloq); <escritura/documento> false; < elecciones> rigged

    comprar/vender de chueco — (Méx fam) to buy/sell stolen goods

    tiene un stereo comprado de chueco — he bought a stolen stereo

    3)
    a) (Méx, Ven fam) ( cojo) lame
    b) (RPl) ( patizambo) knock-kneed
    c) (Per) ( patituerto) bow-legged
    II
    - ca masculino, femenino
    1) (Chi, Méx fam) ( deshonesto)
    2) (Méx fam) ( cojo) cripple (pej)
    III
    adverbio (AmL fam)
    a) ( torcido)

    camina/escribe chueco — he can't walk/write straight

    b) <jugar/pelear> dirty (colloq)
    * * *
    I
    - ca adjetivo
    1) (AmL) ( torcido) crooked, askew
    2) (Chi, Méx fam) ( deshonesto) < persona> crooked (colloq); <escritura/documento> false; < elecciones> rigged

    comprar/vender de chueco — (Méx fam) to buy/sell stolen goods

    tiene un stereo comprado de chueco — he bought a stolen stereo

    3)
    a) (Méx, Ven fam) ( cojo) lame
    b) (RPl) ( patizambo) knock-kneed
    c) (Per) ( patituerto) bow-legged
    II
    - ca masculino, femenino
    1) (Chi, Méx fam) ( deshonesto)
    2) (Méx fam) ( cojo) cripple (pej)
    III
    adverbio (AmL fam)
    a) ( torcido)

    camina/escribe chueco — he can't walk/write straight

    b) <jugar/pelear> dirty (colloq)
    * * *
    chueco1 -ca
    A ( AmL) (torcido) crooked
    este cuadro está chueco this picture's crooked o not straight
    B (Chi, Méx fam)
    1 (desleal, deshonesto) ‹persona› untrustworthy, crooked, bent ( BrE sl)
    2 ( fam); ‹negocio› shady ( colloq), crooked ( colloq); ‹escritura/documento› false; ‹elecciones› rigged
    comprar/vender de chueco ( Méx fam); to buy/sell o ( colloq) fence stolen goods
    tiene un stereo comprado de chueco he bought his stereo from a fence ( colloq), his stereo fell off the back of a lorry ( BrE colloq)
    C
    1 (Méx, Ven fam) (cojo) lame
    2 ( RPl) (patizambo) knock-kneed
    3 ( Per) (patituerto) bow-legged, bandy-legged
    chueco2 -ca
    masculine, feminine
    A (Chi, Méx fam) (desleal, deshonesto) double-crosser
    aquí los chuecos son los políticos all the politicians here are crooked ( colloq)
    eres una chueca, dijiste que participarías you're so unreliable, you told me you would take part
    B ( Méx fam) (cojo) cripple ( pej)
    ( AmL fam)
    1
    (torcido): camina/escribe chueco he can't walk/write straight
    2 ‹jugar/pelear› dirty ( colloq)
    seguro que la consiguió chueco I'm sure she came by it dishonestly ( colloq)
    * * *

    chueco 1
    ◊ -ca adjetivo

    1 (AmL) ( torcido) crooked, askew
    2 (Chi, Méx fam) ( deshonesto) ‹ persona› crooked (colloq);
    ‹ documento› false;
    ‹ elecciones› rigged
    ■ sustantivo masculino, femenino (Chi, Méx fam) ( deshonesto):

    chueco 2 adverbio (AmL fam)
    a) ( torcido):

    ◊ camina/escribe chueco he can't walk/write straight

    b) ‹jugar/pelear› dirty (colloq)

    ' chueco' also found in these entries:
    English:
    bow-legged
    - cockeyed
    - crooked
    - lop
    * * *
    chueco, -a
    ♦ adj
    1. Am [torcido] twisted
    2. Am [patizambo] bowlegged
    3. Méx, Ven Fam [cojo] lame
    ♦ nm,f
    1. Am [patizambo] bowlegged person;
    ser un chueco to have bow legs
    2. Méx, Ven Fam [cojo] lame person
    * * *
    adj L.Am. ( torcido) twisted
    * * *
    chueco, -ca adj
    1) : crooked, bent
    2) Chile, Mex fam : dishonest, shady

    Spanish-English dictionary > chueco

  • 13 levis

    1.
    lĕvis, e, adj. [for leg-vis; Sanscr. laghu-s, little; cf. O. H. Germ. ring-i; Germ. gering; Gr. elachus], light in weight, not heavy (opp. gravis).
    I.
    Lit.:

    leviora corpora (opp. graviora),

    Lucr. 2, 227:

    aether,

    id. 5, 459:

    aura,

    id. 3, 196:

    levior quam pluma,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

    stipulae,

    Verg. G. 1, 289: armatura, light armor:

    levis armaturae Numidae,

    the light-armed Numidians, Caes. B. G. 2, 10; also, by metonymy, lightarmed troops; v. armatura, and cf.:

    sed haec fuerit nobis tamquam levis armaturae prima orationis excursio,

    Cic. Div. 2, 10 fin.; so,

    miles,

    a light-armed soldier, Liv. 8, 8; cf.

    of clothing: nudi, aut sagulo leves,

    Tac. G. 6:

    flebis in solo levis angiportu,

    Hor. C. 1, 25, 10.—Of the earth upon the dead:

    terraque securae sit super ossa levis,

    Tib. 2, 4, 50;

    esp. freq. on tombstones: sit tibi terra levis (abbreviated, S. T. T. L.): per leves populos,

    the shades, bodiless persons, Ov. M. 10, 14:

    virgaque levem coerces aurea turbam,

    Hor. C. 1, 10, 18.— Poet. with inf.: fessis leviora tolli Pergama Grais, a lighter burden, i. e. easier to be destroyed, Hor. C. 2, 4, 11.—
    B.
    Transf.
    1.
    Light of digestion, easy to digest (mostly poet. and post-Aug.):

    quae in aqua degunt, leviorem cibum praestant. Inter domesticas quadrupedes levissima suilla est, gravissima bubula,

    lightest of digestion, Cels. 1, 18:

    leves malvae,

    Hor. C. 1, 31, 16 (cf.:

    gravi Malvae salubres corpori,

    id. Epod. 2, 57).—
    2.
    Light in motion, swift, quick, fleet, nimble, rapid (syn.:

    agilis, alacer, pernix): ipsa (diva) levi fecit volitantem flamine currum (i. e. Argo),

    a quick, favorable wind, Cat. 64, 9; cf.:

    leves venti,

    Ov. M. 15, 346:

    flatus,

    Sil. 15, 162:

    currus,

    light, swift, Ov. M. 2, 150:

    levi deducens pollice filum,

    light, nimble, id. ib. 4, 36; so,

    pollex,

    id. ib. 6, 22:

    saltus,

    id. ib. 7, 767;

    3, 599: peltam pro parma fecit, ut ad motus concursusque essent leviores,

    Nep. Iphicr. 1:

    Messapus levis cursu,

    Verg. A. 12, 489:

    leves Parthi,

    id. G. 4, 314:

    equus,

    Val. Fl. 1, 389:

    Nympharumque leves cum Satyris chori,

    Hor. C. 1, 1, 31:

    quaere modos leviore plectro,

    nimbler, gayer, id. ib. 2, 1, 40:

    et levis erecta consurgit ad oscula plantā,

    Juv. 6, 507.—With inf. ( poet.):

    omnes ire leves,

    Sil. 16, 488:

    exsultare levis,

    id. 10, 605:

    levior discurrere,

    id. 4, 549:

    nullo levis terrore moveri,

    Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 514:

    hora,

    fleeting, Ov. M. 15, 181:

    terra,

    light, thin soil, Verg. G. 2, 92:

    et ubi montana (loca) quod leviora et ideo salubriora,

    Varr. R. R. 1, 6, 3;

    so (opp graviora),

    id. ib. —
    3.
    Slight, trifling, small (mostly poet.): ignis, Ov. M. 3, 488:

    tactus,

    a slight, gentle touch, id. ib. 4, 180:

    strepitus,

    id. ib. 7, 840:

    stridor,

    id. ib. 4, 413.
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    Without weight, i. e. of no consequence; hence, in gen., light, trifling, unimportant, inconsiderable, trivial, slight, little, petty, easy (class.):

    nunquam erit alienis gravis qui suis se concinnat levem,

    Plaut. Trin. 3, 2, 58:

    grave est nomen imperii atque id etiam in levi persona pertimescitur,

    Cic. Agr. 2, 17, 45:

    leve et infirmum,

    id. Rosc. Com. 2, 6: quae mihi ad spem obtinendae veritatis gravissima sunt;

    ad motum animi... leviora,

    id. Deiot. 2, 5:

    quod alia quaedam inania et levia conquiras,

    id. Planc. 26, 63:

    auditio,

    a light, unfounded report, Caes. B. G. 7, 42:

    cui res et pecunia levissima et existimatio sanctissima fuit semper,

    something very insignificant, Cic. Rosc. Com. 5, 15:

    dolor,

    id. Fin. 1, 12, 40:

    proelium,

    Caes. B. G. 7, 36:

    periculum,

    id. B. C. 3, 26:

    in aliquem merita,

    id. ib. 2, 32, 10:

    leviore de causa,

    id. B. G. 7, 4 fin.:

    praecordia levibus flagrantia causis,

    Juv. 13, 182:

    effutire leves indigna tragoedia versus,

    Hor. A. P. 231.—As subst.:

    in levi habitum,

    was made little of, was regarded as a trifle, Tac. H. 2, 21; id. A. 3, 54:

    levia sed nimium queror,

    Sen. Herc. Fur. 63:

    quid leviora loquor? Petr. poët. 134, 12: non est leve tot puerorum observare manus,

    no easy matter, Juv. 7, 240:

    quidquid levius putaris,

    easier, id. 10, 344.—
    (β).
    With gen. ( poet.):

    opum levior,

    Sil. 2, 102.—
    B.
    In disposition or character.
    1.
    Light, light-minded, capricious, fickle, inconstant, unreliable, false:

    homo levior quam pluma,

    Plaut. Men. 3, 2, 23:

    ne me leviorem erga te putes,

    id. Trin. 5, 2, 34:

    tu levior cortice,

    Hor. C. 3, 9, 22:

    vitium levium hominum atque fallacium,

    Cic. Lael. 25, 91:

    quidam saepe in parva pecunia perspiciuntur quam sint leves,

    id. ib. 17, 63:

    leves ac nummarii judices,

    id. Clu. 28, 75:

    sit precor illa levis,

    Tib. 1, 6, 56:

    levi brachio aliquid agere,

    Cic. Att. 4, 16, 6:

    quid levius aut turpius,

    Caes. B. G. 5, 28 fin.:

    auctor,

    Liv. 5, 15:

    leves amicitiae,

    Cic. Lael. 26, 100:

    spes,

    vain, empty, Hor. Ep. 1, 5, 8:

    leviores mores,

    Ulp. Fragm. 6, 12.—
    2.
    Mild, gentle, pleasant (rare):

    quos qui leviore nomine appellant, percussores vocant,

    Cic. Rosc. Am. 33, 93; and:

    levior reprehensio,

    id. Ac. 2, 32, 102:

    tandem eo, quod levissimum videbatur, decursum est,

    the gentlest, mildest, Liv. 5, 23 fin.:

    nec leves somnos timor aut cupido Sordidus aufert,

    Hor. C. 2, 16, 15; id. Epod. 2, 28:

    exsilium,

    mild, tolerable, Suet. Aug. 51.—Hence, adv.: lĕ-vĭter, lightly, not heavily.
    1.
    Lit. (rare):

    armati,

    light-armed, Curt. 4, 13.—Of the blow of a weapon:

    levius casura pila sperabat,

    Caes. B. C. 3, 92, 2.—
    2.
    Trop.
    a.
    Slightly, a little, not much, somewhat:

    leviter densae nubes,

    Lucr. 6, 248:

    inflexum bacillum,

    Cic. Div. 1, 17, 30:

    genae leviter eminentes (al. leniter),

    id. N. D. 2, 57, 143:

    qui (medici) leviter aegrotantes leniter curant, gravioribus autem morbis, etc.,

    id. Off. 1, 24, 83:

    saucius,

    id. Inv. 2, 51, 154:

    non leviter lucra liguriens,

    id. Verr. 2, 3, 76, § 177:

    agnoscere aliquid,

    id. Fin. 2, 11, 33:

    eruditus,

    id. de Or. 3, 6, 24.— Comp.:

    quanto constantior idem In vitiis, tanto levius miser,

    so much less, Hor. S. 2, 7, 18:

    dolere,

    Ov. P. 1, 9, 30.— Sup.:

    ut levissime dicam,

    to express it in the mildest manner, Cic. Cat. 3, 7 fin. —
    b.
    Easily, lightly, without difficulty, with equanimity:

    id eo levius ferendum est, quod, etc.,

    Cic. Fam. 4, 3, 2; cf.:

    sed levissime feram, si, etc.,

    id. Prov. Cons. 20, 47; Liv. 29, 9.— Comp.:

    levius torquetis Arachne,

    more dexterously, Juv. 2, 56.
    2.
    lēvis (erroneously laevis), e, adj. [Gr. leios, leuros], smooth, smoothed, not rough, opp. asper (class.).
    I.
    Lit.
    A.
    In gen.:

    corpuscula quaedam levia, alia aspera, etc.,

    Cic. N. D. 1, 24, 66:

    in locis (spectatur): leves an asperi,

    id. Part. Or. 10, 36:

    Deus levem eum (mundum) fecit et undique aequabilem,

    id. Univ. 6:

    pocula,

    smooth, shining, Verg. A. 5, 91:

    pharetrae,

    id. ib. 5, 558:

    brassica,

    Cato, R. R. 15, 7:

    levissima corpora,

    Lucr. 4, 659:

    coma pectine levis,

    Ov. M. 12, 409:

    nascunturque leves per digitos umerosque plumae,

    Hor. C. 2, 20, 11:

    levior assiduo detritis aequore conchis,

    Ov. M. 13, 792: inimicus pumice levis, rubbed (cf. pumicatus), Juv. 9, 95.— Poet.: levi cum sanguine Nisus labitur infelix, slippery, [p. 1055] Verg. A. 5, 328:

    levis Juventas ( = imberbis),

    smooth, without hair, beardless, Hor. C. 2, 11, 6; so,

    ora,

    Tib. 1, 9 (8), 31:

    crura,

    Juv. 8, 115:

    sponsus,

    id. 3, 111:

    caput,

    id. 10, 199; 2, 12; hence, also, poet. for youthful, delicate, beautiful:

    pectus,

    Verg. A. 11, 40:

    frons,

    id. E. 6, 51:

    umeri,

    id. A. 7, 815:

    colla,

    Ov. M. 10, 698.—Also, finely dressed, spruce, effeminate:

    vir,

    Ov. A. A. 3, 437; Pers. 1, 82: argentum, smooth, not engraved or chased, Juv. 14, 62.—In neutr. absol.:

    externi ne quid valeat per leve morari,

    smoothness, Hor. S. 2, 7, 87; so,

    per leve,

    Pers. 1, 64:

    per levia,

    Aus. Idyll. 16, 4.—
    B.
    Transf., rubbed smooth, ground down, softened, soft (rare), Scrib. Comp. 228; Cels. 2, 8.—
    II.
    Trop., of speech, smooth, flowing (rare but class.):

    oratio (opp. aspera),

    Cic. Or. 5 fin.; so,

    levis verborum concursus (opp. asper),

    id. de Or. 3, 43, 171:

    levis et aspera (vox),

    Quint. 11, 3, 15:

    levis et quadrata compositio,

    id. 2, 5, 9:

    levia ac nitida,

    id. 5, 12, 18:

    (aures) fragosis offenduntur et levibus mulcentur,

    id. 9, 4, 116.— Adv. does not occur.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > levis

  • 14 Bain, Alexander

    [br]
    b. October 1810 Watten, Scotland
    d. 2 January 1877 Kirkintilloch, Scotland
    [br]
    Scottish inventor and entrepreneur who laid the foundations of electrical horology and designed an electromagnetic means of transmitting images (facsimile).
    [br]
    Alexander Bain was born into a crofting family in a remote part of Scotland. He was apprenticed to a watchmaker in Wick and during that time he was strongly influenced by a lecture on "Heat, sound and electricity" that he heard in nearby Thurso. This lecture induced him to take up a position in Clerkenwell in London, working as a journeyman clockmaker, where he was able to further his knowledge of electricity by attending lectures at the Adelaide Gallery and the Polytechnic Institution. His thoughts naturally turned to the application of electricity to clockmaking, and despite a bitter dispute with Charles Wheatstone over priority he was granted the first British patent for an electric clock. This patent, taken out on 11 January 1841, described a mechanism for an electric clock, in which an oscillating component of the clock operated a mechanical switch that initiated an electromagnetic pulse to maintain the regular, periodic motion. This principle was used in his master clock, produced in 1845. On 12 December of the same year, he patented a means of using electricity to control the operation of steam railway engines via a steam-valve. His earliest patent was particularly far-sighted and anticipated most of the developments in electrical horology that occurred during the nineteenth century. He proposed the use of electricity not only to drive clocks but also to distribute time over a distance by correcting the hands of mechanical clocks, synchronizing pendulums and using slave dials (here he was anticipated by Steinheil). However, he was less successful in putting these ideas into practice, and his electric clocks proved to be unreliable. Early electric clocks had two weaknesses: the battery; and the switching mechanism that fed the current to the electromagnets. Bain's earth battery, patented in 1843, overcame the first defect by providing a reasonably constant current to drive his clocks, but unlike Hipp he failed to produce a reliable switch.
    The application of Bain's numerous patents for electric telegraphy was more successful, and he derived most of his income from these. They included a patent of 12 December 1843 for a form of fax machine, a chemical telegraph that could be used for the transmission of text and of images (facsimile). At the receiver, signals were passed through a moving band of paper impregnated with a solution of ammonium nitrate and potassium ferrocyanide. For text, Morse code signals were used, and because the system could respond to signals faster than those generated by hand, perforated paper tape was used to transmit the messages; in a trial between Paris and Lille, 282 words were transmitted in less than one minute. In 1865 the Abbé Caselli, a French engineer, introduced a commercial fax service between Paris and Lyons, based on Bain's device. Bain also used the idea of perforated tape to operate musical wind instruments automatically. Bain squandered a great deal of money on litigation, initially with Wheatstone and then with Morse in the USA. Although his inventions were acknowledged, Bain appears to have received no honours, but when towards the end of his life he fell upon hard times, influential persons in 1873 secured for him a Civil List Pension of £80 per annum and the Royal Society gave him £150.
    [br]
    Bibliography
    1841, British patent no. 8,783; 1843, British patent no. 9,745; 1845, British patent no.
    10,838; 1847, British patent no. 11,584; 1852, British patent no. 14,146 (all for electric clocks).
    1852, A Short History of the Electric Clocks with Explanation of Their Principles and
    Mechanism and Instruction for Their Management and Regulation, London; reprinted 1973, introd. W.Hackmann, London: Turner \& Devereux (as the title implies, this pamphlet was probably intended for the purchasers of his clocks).
    Further Reading
    The best account of Bain's life and work is in papers by C.A.Aked in Antiquarian Horology: "Electricity, magnetism and clocks" (1971) 7: 398–415; "Alexander Bain, the father of electrical horology" (1974) 9:51–63; "An early electric turret clock" (1975) 7:428–42. These papers were reprinted together (1976) in A Conspectus of Electrical Timekeeping, Monograph No. 12, Antiquarian Horological Society: Tilehurst.
    J.Finlaison, 1834, An Account of Some Remarkable Applications of the Electric Fluid to the Useful Arts by Alexander Bain, London (a contemporary account between Wheatstone and Bain over the invention of the electric clock).
    J.Munro, 1891, Heroes of the Telegraph, Religious Tract Society.
    J.Malster \& M.J.Bowden, 1976, "Facsimile. A Review", Radio \&Electronic Engineer 46:55.
    D.J.Weaver, 1982, Electrical Clocks and Watches, Newnes.
    T.Hunkin, 1993, "Just give me the fax", New Scientist (13 February):33–7 (provides details of Bain's and later fax devices).
    DV / KF

    Biographical history of technology > Bain, Alexander

  • 15 Brennan, Louis

    [br]
    b. 28 January 1852 Castlebar, Ireland
    d. 17 January 1932 Montreux, Switzerland
    [br]
    Irish inventor of the Brennan dirigible torpedo, and of a gyroscopically balanced monorail system.
    [br]
    The Brennan family, including Louis, emigrated to Australia in 1861. He was an inventive genius from childhood, and while at Melbourne invented his torpedo. Within it were two drums, each with several miles of steel wire coiled upon it and mounted on one of two concentric propeller shafts. The propellers revolved in opposite directions. Wires were led out of the torpedo to winding drums on land, driven by high-speed steam engines: the faster the drums on shore were driven, the quicker the wires were withdrawn from the drums within the torpedo and the quicker the propellers turned. A steering device was operated by altering the speeds of the wires relative to one another. As finally developed, Brennan torpedoes were accurate over a range of 1 1/2 miles (2.4 km), in contrast to contemporary self-propelled torpedoes, which were unreliable at ranges over 400 yards (366 in).
    Brennan moved to England in 1880 and sold the rights to his torpedo to the British Government for a total of £110,000, probably the highest payment ever made by it to an individual inventor. Brennan torpedoes became part of the defences of many vital naval ports, but never saw active service: improvement of other means of defence meant they were withdrawn in 1906. By then Brennan was deeply involved in the development of his monorail. The need for a simple and cheap form of railway had been apparent to him when in Australia and he considered it could be met by a ground-level monorail upon which vehicles would be balanced by gyroscopes. After overcoming many manufacturing difficulties, he demonstrated first a one-eighth scale version and then a full-size, electrically driven vehicle, which ran on its single rail throughout the summer of 1910 in London, carrying up to fifty passengers at a time. Development had been supported financially by, successively, the War Office, the India Office and the Government of the Indian state of Jammu and Kashmir, which had no rail access; despite all this, however, no further financial support, government or commercial, was forthcoming.
    Brennan made many other inventions, worked on the early development of helicopters and in 1929 built a gyroscopically balanced, two-wheeled motor car which, however, never went into production.
    [br]
    Principal Honours and Distinctions
    Companion of the Bath 1892.
    Bibliography
    1878, British patent no. 3359 (torpedo) 1903, British patent no. 27212 (stability mechanisms).
    Further Reading
    R.E.Wilkes, 1973, Louis Brennan CB, 2 parts, Gillingham (Kent) Public Library. J.R.Day and B.C.Wilson, 1957, Unusual Railways, London: F.Muller.
    PJGR

    Biographical history of technology > Brennan, Louis

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