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1 unofficial source
מקור בלתי רשמי (מישהו לא מוסמך שאי-אפשר לחשוף את זהותו)* * *◙ (ותוהז תא ףושחל רשפא-יאש ךמסומ אל והשימ) ימשר יתלב רוקמ◄ -
2 unofficial source
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3 unofficial source
onofficiële bron -
4 unofficial
unofficial [‚ʌnə'fɪʃəl](a) (unconfirmed → report) officieux, non officiel(b) (informal → appointment) non officiel, privé;∎ in an unofficial capacity à titre privé;∎ from an unofficial source de source officieuse►► Industry unofficial strike grève f sauvage -
5 unofficial
tr[ʌnə'fɪʃəl]1 extraoficial, oficioso,-aunofficial [.ʌnə'fɪʃəl] adj: extraoficial, oficioso, no oficialadj.• extraoficial adj.• no oficial adj.• oficioso, -a adj.'ʌnə'fɪʃəladjective <meeting/strike/report> no oficialspeaking in an unofficial capacity — hablando extraoficialmente or con carácter no oficial
['ʌnǝ'fɪʃǝl]ADJ1) (=informal) [visit, tour] no oficial, extraoficialin an unofficial capacity — de forma or manera extraoficial or no oficial
unofficial strike — huelga f no oficial
2) (=de facto) [leader, spokesperson] no oficial3) (=unconfirmed) [report, results] no oficial* * *['ʌnə'fɪʃəl]adjective <meeting/strike/report> no oficialspeaking in an unofficial capacity — hablando extraoficialmente or con carácter no oficial
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6 unofficial
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7 understand
1. I1) he doesn't very well understand он не очень хорошо соображает; do animals understand? [разве] животные обладают разумом?2) I am beginning to understand [я] начинаю понимать; he is, I understand, no longer here его, как я понимаю /если я не ошибаюсь/, здесь уже нет; as I understand /as far as I understand/ he has left насколько я могу судить, он уже ушел; give smb. to understand дать кому-л. понять; I was given to understand мне дали понять2. IIunderstand at some time now I understand ! теперь мне все ясно; understand in some manner so I understood так я [и] понял; я сделал именно такое заключение; the patient is getting better, so I understand насколько я могу судить, больному лучше3. III1) understand smb., smth. understand one's foreign guest (one another, smb.'s conduct, a thesis, a question, the meaning of the word, their remark, a jest, the significance of the fact, etc.) понимать иностранного гостя и т.д.; please understand me, I can't help it пожалуйста, постарайтесь понять меня, я ничего не могу поделать; he said he didn't understand the instructions он сказал, что не разобрался в инструкции или не понял указаний; it is easy to understand his anger нетрудно понять его гнев /представить себе, почему он рассердился/2) understand smb. understand children (horses, animals, etc.) понимать /знать/ детей и т.д., знать, как обращаться с детьми и т.д.; it takes a long time to understand these people чтобы хорошо узнать этих людей, нужно много времени; understand smth. understand mathematics (figures, banking affairs, political economy, the nature of electricity, etc.) знать математику и т.д., разбираться в математике и т.д.; understand English (German, etc.) понимать /знать/ английский и т.д.; artists who understand all about colour художники, которые хорошо чувствуют цвет4. IV1) understand smb., smth. in some manner understand smb., smth. literally (distinctly, accurately, vaguely, in several ways, etc.) понимать кого-л., что-л. буквально и т.д.; if 1 understand you rightly если я вас правильно понимаю /понял/2) understand smth. in some manner understand one's business thoroughly хорошо знать свое дело, быть специалистом в своей области; most of the students understand English fairly well большинстве студентов прилично знает английский5. VIIunderstand smb. to do smth. I understood him to say that (her to ask him to stay, him to be away, etc.) я решил /мне показалось/, что он это сказал и т.д.; we understood him to be a distant relation мы решили /так поняли/, что он дальний родственник6. VIIIunderstand smb. doing smth. understand him being angry (her saying "no", them refusing, etc.) понимать, почему он рассердился и т.д.7. XI1) be understood it is understood это само. собой разумеется; be understood that... it is understood that you will come считается /предполагается/, что вы придете; be understood in some manner it is generally understood that... обычно думают /полагают/, что...; make (let) it be understood I have made it understood /I have let it be understood/ that... я дал понять, что...2) be understood I don't know how to make myself understood a) я не знаю, как объясниться; б) я не знаю, как втолковать свою мысль; be understood in some manner that's /it can be/ easily /readily/ understood это легко понять8. XIVunderstand smb.'s doing smth. understand smb.'s being angry (his daring to apply to you, her going away, etc.) понимать чей-л. гнев и т.д., понимать, почему кто-л. сердится и т.д.9. XVI1) understand about smth. understand about their affairs (about such things, etc.) разбираться в их делах и т.д.2) understand from smth. understand from such an act (from his words, from such contradictory statements, from this, etc.) делать вывод из данного поступка и т.д.; I understood from an unofficial source, that... из неофициального источника я узнал, что...; I understand from what he says that he likes his work из его слов я заключаю, что ему нравится его работа10. XXI1understand smth. from smth. understand his feelings from his smile (his intention from his letter, their plans from the hints they dropped, etc.) понять его чувства по улыбке и т.д., сделать вывод о его чувствах по улыбке и т.д.; no one could understand that from my words никто не мог сделать такого вывода из моих слов11. XXVunderstand why... (what..., how..., etc.) understand why he came (what they say, how to use it, etc.) понимать, почему он пришел и т.д.; I don't understand what you mean я не понимаю, что вы этим хотите сказать; I understood that my expenses were to be paid я понял так, что мои расходы будут оплачены /что мне возместят мои расходы/; I understand that you couldn't act otherwise я понимаю, что вы не могли поступить иначе2)understand that... understand that he is leaving town (that she is going to marry him, that doors open at7)30, that you have sold your cottage, etc.) считать или узнать /услышать/, что он уезжает из города /покидает город/ и т.д.; I understood that he would be here я понял /говорили/, что он будет здесь; am I to understand that you refuse? должен ли я заключить, что вы отказываетесь? -
8 data
n (pl от datum)(исходные) данные; факты, фактические сведения; информацияto collect data — собирать данные / информацию
to contribute data — представлять данные / информацию
to disseminate data — распространять данные / информацию
to gather data — собирать данные / факты / информацию
to organize data — систематизировать данные / информацию
to process data — обрабатывать данные / информацию
- adequate datato supply data — снабжать данными / информацией
- aggregate data
- analysis of data
- available data
- average statistical data
- basic data
- biographical data on the candidate
- business data
- collection of data
- compatibility of data
- comprehensive data
- conflicting data
- crude data
- demographic data
- detailed data
- economic data
- experimental data
- falsification of data
- final data
- finite data
- fragmentary data
- gap in the data
- inadequate data
- incompatible data
- incomplete data
- initial data
- input data
- intelligence data
- limited data
- military data
- obtainable data
- official data
- operating data
- operational data
- output data
- preliminary data
- primary data
- provisional data
- published data
- raw data
- reliable data
- restricted data
- retrieval of data
- scientific data
- source data
- statistical data
- storage of data
- summary data
- supplementary data
- supporting data
- technical data
- tentative data
- test data
- unofficial data -
9 data
(исходные) данные, факты; цифровые данные; фактические сведения; информация; статистические данные- raw data -
10 authoritative
1. a влиятельный, авторитетный2. a исходящий от законной власти; официальный; непререкаемый3. a авторитетный, заслуживающий доверия4. a повелительный, властный, не терпящий возраженийСинонимический ряд:1. authentic (adj.) approved; authentic; lawful; solid; unquestioned; valid2. authoritarian (adj.) arrogant; authoritarian; autocratic; commanding; decisive; dictative; dictatorial; doctrinaire; dogmatic; imperious; imposing; impressive; lordly; magisterial; masterful; mighty; powerful3. definitive (adj.) convincing; credible; definitive; dependable; faithful; reliable; scholarly; true; trustable; trustworthy4. official (adj.) conclusive; ex cathedra; ex officio; official; standard5. orthodox (adj.) accepted; canonical; orthodox; received; sanctioned; soundАнтонимический ряд:bland; conciliatory; inconclusive; indefinite; indeterminate; lenient; persuasive; servile; subservient; unofficial; unreliable; vague; weak -
11 Cody, Colonel Samuel Franklin
SUBJECT AREA: Aerospace[br]b. probably 6 March 1861 Texas, USAd. 7 August 1913 Farnborough, England[br]American (naturalised British) aviation pioneer who made the first sustained aeroplane flight in Britain.[br]"Colonel" Cody was one of the most colourful and controversial characters in aviation history. He dressed as a cowboy, frequently rode a horse, and appeared on the music-hall stage as a sharpshooter. Cody lived in England from 1896 and became a British subject in 1909. He wrote a melodrama, The Klondyke Nugget, which was first performed in 1898, with Cody as the villain and his wife as the heroine. It was a great success and Cody made enough money to indulge in his hobby of flying large kites. Several man-lifting kites were being developed in the mid-1890s, primarily for military observation purposes. Captain B.S.F. Baden-Powell built multiple hexagonal kites in England, while Lawrence Hargrave, in Australia, developed a very successful boxkite. Cody's man-lifting kites were so good that the British Government engaged him to supply kites, and act as an instructor with the Royal Engineers at the Balloon Factory, Farnborough. Cody's kites were rather like a box-kite with wings and, indeed, some were virtually tethered gliders. In 1905 a Royal Engineer reached a record height of 2,600 ft (790 m) in one of Cody's kites. While at Farnborough, Cody assisted with the construction of the experimental airship "British Army Dirigible No. 1", later known as Nulli Secundus. Cody was on board for the first flight in 1907. In the same year, Cody fitted an engine to one of his kites and it flew with no one on board; he also built a free-flying glider version. He went on to build a powered aeroplane with an Antoinette engine and on 16 October 1908 made a flight of 1,390 ft (424 m) at Farnborough; this was the first real flight in Britain. During the following years, Cody's large "Flying Cathedral" became a popular sight at aviation meetings, and in 1911 his "Cathedral" was the only British aeroplane to complete the course in the Circuit of Britain Contest. In 1912 Cody won the first British Military Aeroplane competition (a similar aeroplane is preserved by the Science Museum, London). Unfortunately, Cody and a passenger were killed when his latest aeroplane crashed at Farnborough in 1913; because Cody was such a popular figure at Farnborough, the tree to which he sometimes tethered his aeroplane was preserved as a memorial.Later, there was a great controversy over who the first person to make an aeroplane flight in Britain was, as A.V. Roe, Horatio Phillips and Cody had all made hops before October 1908; most historians, however, now accept that it was Cody. Cody's title of'Colonel' was unofficial, although it was used by King George V on one of several visits to see Cody's work.[br]BibliographyCody gave a lecture to the (Royal) Aeronautical Society which was published in theirAeronautical Journal, London, January 1909.Further ReadingP.B.Walker, 1971, Early Aviation at Farnborough, 2 vols, London (an authoritative source).A.Gould Lee, 1965, The Flying Cathedral, London (biography). G.A.Broomfield, 1953, Pioneer of the Air, Aldershot (a less-reliable biography).JDSBiographical history of technology > Cody, Colonel Samuel Franklin
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