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1 εγχείρημα
undertakingΕλληνικά-Αγγλικά νέο λεξικό (Greek-English new dictionary) > εγχείρημα
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2 υποσχέσει
ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)ὑποσχέσεϊ, ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem dat sg (epic)ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem dat sg (attic ionic) -
3 ὑποσχέσει
ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem nom /voc /acc dual (attic epic)ὑποσχέσεϊ, ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem dat sg (epic)ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem dat sg (attic ionic) -
4 πρᾶξις
πρᾶξις, εως, ἡ (πράσσω; Hom.+).① a function implying sustained activity, acting, activity, function κατὰ τὴν πρᾶξιν αὐτοῦ in accordance with his activity or what he did Mt 16:27. τὰ μέλη πάντα οὐ τὴν αὐτὴν ἔχει πρᾶξιν the parts do not all have the same function Ro 12:4. ἐν πάσῃ πράξει αὐτοῦ Hm 5, 2, 7; cp. 7:1; Hs 4:4.② way of conducting oneself, way of acting, course of action αὕτη ἡ πρᾶξις ἐπὶ γυναικὶ καὶ ἀνδρὶ κεῖται this is the proper course of action for the wife and for the husband Hm 4, 1, 8; cp. 11.③ engagement in a project that involves planning, plan of action, undertaking (Jos., Bell. 1, 230, Vi. 271) περὶ πράξεώς τινος concerning any undertaking Hm 11:4.④ performance of some deed, act, action, deedⓐ gener. (Diod S 10, 19, 5=deed; Just., A I, 17, 4 κατʼ ἀξίαν τῶν πράξεων) Hm 10, 2, 2 and 4b. ἡ ἀγαθὴ πρᾶξις 1 Cl 30:7. μεγάλαι καὶ ἔνδοξοι πράξεις great and glorious deeds 19:2.—This is also the place for the title of Ac πράξεις (ἀποστόλων); cp. 2 Ch 12:15; 13:22; 28:26 and the transl. of Res Gestae Divi Augusti: IGR III, 159 πράξεις τε καὶ δωρεαὶ Σεβαστοῦ Θεοῦ; Socrat., Ep. 28, 1 [Malherbe p. 284, 23f] Ἀντίπατρος … γράφει τὰς Ἑλληνικὰς πράξεις; Diod S 3, 1, 1 of the first two books of Diodorus ἡ πρώτη contains the πράξεις τῶν βασιλέων; 16, 1, 1 πόλεων ἢ βασιλέων πράξεις=the story of cities or kings; Jos., Ant. 14, 68 οἱ τὰς κατὰ Πομπήιον πράξεις ἀναγράψαντες; Tat. 38, 1 τὰς τῶν βασιλέων πράξεις. Also the exx. in AWikenhauser, Die AG 1921, 94–104: D. antike Praxeis-Lit. The sing., πρᾶξις (ἀποστόλων), which is also attested, views the deeds collectively, work.—For lit. on Ac s. EGrässer, TRu 26, ’60, 91–167; also comm.ⓑ evil or disgraceful deed (Polyb. 2, 7, 9; 2, 9, 2; 4, 71, 6; Diod S 3, 57, 4; 4, 49, 3; 4, 63, 4) Lk 23:51; Hm 4, 2, 2. Pl. Ro 8:13; Col 3:9; Hm 4, 2, 1.—In Ac 19:18, because of the context, it is poss. that πρᾶξις is specif. a t.t. for certain magical practices (PGM 4, 1227 πρᾶξις γενναία ἐκβάλλουσα δαίμονας. Cp. PGM 1, 276; 4, 159; 1317 and oft.; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 2, 26; Acta Pilati A 1, 1 [Ea 215, 2]; πράσσειν=‘practice magic’ PGM 3, 125).⑤ customary daily activity, undertaking, business (so Aesop, Fab. 236 P.=312 H./256 Ch/227 H-H.; very oft. in Vett. Val., s. index; PGM 4, 2366; loanw. in rabb.) pl. Hm 6, 2, 5; 10, 1, 4; Hs 6, 3, 5. αἱ βιωτικαὶ πρ. the affairs of everyday living Hv 1, 3, 1 (Ps-Lucian, Halc. 5 αἱ κατὰ τὸν βίον πρ.).⑥ a state of being, state, condition, situation (Pind., Hdt. et al.) τὴν πρᾶξιν, ἣν ἕχουσιν ἐν ἑαυτοῖς Hs 9, 26, 8; also in the pl. (Soph., Ant. 1305 κακαὶ πράξεις) ἀπὸ τῶν προτέρων αὐτοῦ πράξεων from his former condition Hv 3, 12, 2. ἑτέραις πολλαῖς πράξεσι πάσχοντες suffering in many other situations Hs 6, 3, 4.—DELG s.v. πράσσω. M-M. Sv. -
5 υποσχέσεις
ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem nom /acc pl (attic) -
6 ὑποσχέσεις
ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem nom /voc pl (attic epic)ὑπόσχεσιςundertaking: fem nom /acc pl (attic) -
7 πρᾶγμα
πρᾶγμα, ατος, τό (πράσσω; Pind., Hdt.+) gener. ‘someth. that one is engaged in’.① that which is done or happens, deed, thing, event, occurrence, matter (Jos., Ant. 16, 376; Ps.-Clem., Hom. 9, 5; Just., D. 23, 4) περὶ τῶν πεπληροφορημένων πραγμάτων concerning events that have taken place Lk 1:1 (cp. Jos., Vi. 40 τ. ἱστορίαν τ. πραγμάτων τούτων ἀναγράφειν, C. Ap. 1, 47). τὸ πρᾶγμα τοῦτο this deed Ac 5:4. ἁγνοὶ τῷ πράγματι guiltless in the matter under discussion 2 Cor 7:11. διὰ δύο πραγμάτων ἀμεταθέτων through two unchangeable things (i.e. the promise and the oath) Hb 6:18.② that which is to be done, undertaking, occupation, task (Appian, Mithrid. 103 §477 μεγάλα πράγματα=great undertakings; Lucian, Nav. 41; Eccl 3:1; TestJob 6:3 περὶ πράγματος ἀναγκαίου) βιωτικὰ πράγματα tasks of everyday life Hv 3, 11, 3; m 5, 2, 2. ἐν ᾧ ἂν ὑμῶν χρῄζῃ πράγματι in whatever undertaking she may need you Ro 16:2. πλεονεκτεῖν ἐν τῷ πράγματι τὸν ἀδελφόν 1 Th 4:6 (but s. 3 below). ἄξιον πρᾶγμα a task that is worthy ISm 11:3.③ matter or concern of any kind, thing, matter, affair (Fgm. Iamb. Adesp. 12 Diehl οὐκ ἔστʼ ἐμὸν τὸ πρ.; Dio Chrys. 13 [7], 53; 16 [33], 36; 19 [36], 18; Ath. 15, 1 δύο ὀνόματα καθʼ ἑνὸς πράγματος) περὶ παντὸς πράγματος about anything at all Mt 18:19. Cp. Hb 10:1; 11:1 (RTaylor, ET 52, ’40/41, 256–59: ‘affair’); Hv 3, 4, 1; m 9:10; 10, 2, 3; Hs 5, 6, 6; 9, 29, 2. Pl. Hv 3, 3, 1; 4, 1, 4; 4, 3, 1. μέγα π. something great Hv 3, 2, 4; cp. Hs 9, 2, 5; ἔνδοξα π. Hv 4, 1, 4; πονηρὸν π. an evil thing 1, 1, 8; Hs 5, 1, 5; 7:5; πᾶν φαῦλον π. every evil thing, everything that is evil Js 3:16. περιγίνεσθαι τοῦ π. master the thing Hv 1, 3, 2. τὰ πρ. relationships, ways, circumstances (Diod S 14, 97, 3; 19, 50, 2; 19, 52, 1; 6; Appian, Bell. Civ. 5, 3 §12; Artem. 4, 27; Jos., Bell. 4, 318) ἐν παλαιοῖς π. ἀναστραφῆναι live in old, obsolete ways IMg 9:1. Also w. an unfavorable connotation difficulties, troubles (Soph., Aj. 314; X., An. 2, 1, 16; 7, 6, 24, Mem. 2, 7, 2; Socrat., Ep. 3; Diod S 13, 12, 1; 13, 97, 6; Jos., Ant. 13, 7; Just., A II, 4, 1) 1 Cl 1:1 (s. ἐπιζητέω 1c).—Cp. IMg 5:1; Hv 1, 2, 4.—Prob. as euphemism= (illicit sexual) affair 1 Th 4:6 (cp. Aeschin. 1, 132), but s. 4.④ a matter of contention, dispute, lawsuit (X., Mem. 2, 9, 1 al.; Polyaenus 6, 36; Cyr.-Ins. 54; 67; 123. Oft. pap; Jos., C. Ap. 2, 177) πρᾶγμα ἔχειν πρός τινα have a lawsuit with someone (POxy 743, 19 [I B.C.]; 706, 4; BGU 22, 9) 1 Cor 6:1 (LVischer, Die Auslegungsgeschichte von 1 Cor 6:1–11, ’55). Perh. legal process 1 Th 4:6 (cp. Ps.-Clemens, Hom. 10, 1).—B. 634. DELG s.v. πράσσω. M-M. TW. Sv. -
8 ἔργον
ἔργον, ου, τό (Hom.+) work.① that which displays itself in activity of any kind, deed, actionⓐ in contrast to rest Hb 4:3, 4 (Gen 2:2), 10. In contrast to word: freq. used to describe people of exceptional merit, esp. benefactors (X., Hier. 7, 2, Cyr. 6, 4, 5; Cebes 2, 2 λόγῳ καὶ ἔργῳ Πυθαγόρειος; Lucian, Tox. 35. Oft. in Epict.; GDI 5039, 20 [Crete] οὔτε λόγῳ οὔτε ἔργῳ; Sir 3:8; 16:12; 4 Macc 5:38; En 14:22 πᾶς λόγος αὐτοῦ ἔργον; TestAbr A 9 p. 86, 26 [Stone p. 20] ἐν παντὶ ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ; Philo; Jos., Ant. 17, 220, C. Ap. 2, 12; Larfeld I 497f) δυνατὸς ἐν ἔργῳ καὶ λόγῳ mighty in word and deed Lk 24:19; cp. Ac 7:22; ἐν λόγῳ ἢ ἐν ἔ. in word and deed Col 3:17; cp. Ro 15:18; 2 Cor 10:11; 2 Th 2:17; Tit 1:16a; 1J 3:18; 2 Cl 17:7, also 4:3. A similar contrast betw. the ποιητὴς ἔργου doer who acts and the forgetful hearer Js 1:25, and betw. ἔργα and a πίστις that amounts to nothing more than a verbal statement 2:14–26 (s. JRopes, Exp. 7th ser., 5, 1908, 547–56 and his comm. 1916 ad loc.; HPreisker, ThBl 4, 1925, 16f; ETobac, RHE 22, 1926, 797–805; AMeyer, D. Rätsel des Jk 1930, 86ff; ASchlatter, D. Brief des Jak. ’32, 184–207).ⓑ manifestation, practical proof τὸ ἔ. τῆς πίστεως 1 Th 1:3; 2 Th 1:11. ἔ. διακονίας Eph 4:12. τὸ ἴδιον ἔργον τῆς προσευχῆς AcPl Ha 4, 27. τὸ ἔ. τοῦ νόμου acting in accordance with the law Ro 2:15 (perh. also the bringing of the law into effect, as Polyaenus 1, 19 τοῦ λογίου τὸ ἔργον=realization or fulfilment of the oracular response). ἡ ὑπομονὴ ἔ. τέλειον ἐχέτω let endurance show itself perfectly in practice Js 1:4.ⓒ deed, accomplishmentα. of the deeds of God and Jesus, specif. miracles (Epict. 3, 5, 10 ἰδεῖν ἔργα τὰ σά [=τοῦ θεοῦ]; Ael. Aristid. 50, 17 K.=26 p. 506 D.: ἔργον τοῦ θεοῦ θαυμαστόν; Quint. Smyrn. 9, 481 ἔργον ἀθανάτων of the healing of Philoctetes; Josh 24:29; Ps 45:9; 65:5; 85:8; JosAs 9:5; Jos., Bell. 5, 378 τ. ἔργα τοῦ θεοῦ, C. Ap. 2, 192) Mt 11:2; J 5:20, 36; 7:3, 21 (Diod S 5, 33, 5 ἓν ἔργον=just one practice); 9:3; 10:25, 37f; 14:10, 11, 12; 15:24; Ac 13:41 (Hab 1:5); 15:18 v.l.; Hb 3:9 (Ps 94:9); Rv 15:3. On Mt 11:19 s. δικαιόω 2bα.β. of the deeds of humans, exhibiting a consistent moral character, referred to collectively as τὰ ἔργα (Ps 105:35; Job 11:11; Jon 3:10) J 3:20 f; 7:7; Js 3:13; 1J 3:12; Rv 2:2, 19; 3:1, 8, 15. σωτῆρος ἡμῶν τὰ ἔ. Qua. τὰ πρῶτα ἔ. Rv 2:5. πάντα τὰ ἔργα (Am 8:7; Mi 6:16) Mt 23:5. κατὰ τὰ ἔργα in accordance w. the deeds (Ps 27:4; 61:13; Pr 24:12; En 100:7; PsSol 2:16) Mt 23:3; Ro 2:6; 2 Ti 1:9; 4:14; Rv 2:23; 20:12f. Also κατὰ τὸ ἔργον 1 Pt 1:17. The collective τὸ ἔργον is used for the pl. (Sir 11:20) Gal 6:4; Hb 6:10; Rv 22:12. The ἔργον or ἔργα is (are) characterized by the context as good or bad Lk 11:48; 1 Cor 5:2; 2 Cor 11:15; 2 Ti 4:14; Js 2:25; 3J 10; Rv 14:13; 16:11; 18:6 (since in all these passages except Rv 14:13 ἔ. refers to something bad, it is well to point out that ἔργον when used alone also means an evil or disgraceful deed, e.g., Appian, Bell. Civ. 2, 22 §83 ἔργον οὐδὲν αὐτοῖς ἀπῆν=they abstained from no shameful deed; Apollon. Rhod. 4, 476; 742; Arrian, Anab. 3, 21, 4). Or they are characterized by an added word: ἔ. ἀγαθόν Ro 2:7; 13:3; 2 Cor 9:8; Phil 1:6; Col 1:10; 1 Ti 5:10; 2 Ti 2:21; 3:17; Tit 1:16b; 3:1; Hb 13:21 v.l. Pl. Eph 2:10 (misunderstood by JSanders, Ethics in the NT, ’75, 78; cp. Phil 1:6); 1 Ti 2:10. πλήρης ἔργων ἀγαθῶν rich in good deeds Ac 9:36. ἔ. καλόν Mt 26:10; Mk 14:6; J 10:33. Pl. (GrBar 15:2; Dio Chrys. 3, 52) Mt 5:16; J 10:32; 1 Ti 5:10a, 25; 6:18; Tit 2:7, 14; 3:8, 14, Hb 10:24; 1 Pt 2:12 (WvanUnnik, NTS 1, ’54/55, 92–110; cp. Diod S 16, 1, 1); 2 Pt 1:10 v.l.; 2 Cl 12:4. ἔργα ὅσια, δίκαια 6:9. ἔ. δικαιοσύνης B 1:6 (PsSol 18:8). ἐξ ἔργων τῶν ἐν δικαιοσύνῃ righteous deeds Tit 3:5. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ θεοῦ the deeds that God desires (Jer 31:10; 1 Esdr 7:9, 15) J 6:28; cp. vs. 29. τὰ ἔ. μου (i.e. Χριστοῦ) Rv 2:26. ἔργα πεπληρωμένα ἐνώπιον τ. θεοῦ 3:2. ἔ. ἄξια τ. μετανοίας Ac 26:20. ἔ. τῆς πίστεως the deeds that go with faith Hs 8, 9, 1. ἔ. αἰώνιον an imperishable deed IPol 8:1. τὰ. ἔ. τοῦ Ἀβραάμ deeds like Abraham’s J 8:39. τὰ ἔ. τ. πέμψαντός με 9:4.—ἔργα πονηρά evil deeds (1 Esdr 8:83; En 98:6; Tat. 23:2) Col 1:21; 2J 11; cp. J 3:19; 7:7; 1J 3:12 and ἀπὸ παντὸς ἔ. πονηροῦ 2 Ti 4:18. Also ἔ. τῆς πονηρᾶς ὁδοῦ B 4:10. νεκρά dead works, i.e. those that lead to death Hb 6:1; 9:14. ἄκαρπα unfruitful actions Eph 5:11. ἄνομα lawless deeds 2 Pt 2:8. Also ἔ. τῆς ἀνομίας B 4:1; Hs 8, 10, 3. ἔργα ἀσεβείας impious deeds Jd 15 (ἀσεβῆ ἔ. Just., A I, 23, 3). τοῦ σκότους deeds of darkness (i.e. unbelief) Ro 13:12; cp. Eph 5:11. ἔ. τῆς σαρκός deeds that originate in the flesh (i.e. sin) Gal 5:19. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ πατρὸς ὑμῶν deeds such as your father (the devil) commits J 8:41. τῶν Νικολαϊτῶν Rv 2:6.—κρύφια, φανερὰ ἔ. secret, open deeds 2 Cl 16:3. Freq. in Paul ἔργα νόμου deeds that the law commands you to do Ro 3:20, 28; cp. 27; Gal 2:16; 3:2, 5, 10 (cp. 4Q MMT 3, 27 [=A Facsimile Edition of the Dead Sea Scrolls, ed. REisenman/JRobinson, I ’91, xxxi, fig. 8, c line 29]; MAbegg, Paul, ‘Works of the Law’ and MMT: Bar 20/6, ’94, 52–55; JDunn, NTS 43, ’97, 147–53). Also simply ἔργα, w. the same meaning Ro 4:2, 6; 9:12, 32; 11:6; Eph 2:9; s. ELohmeyer, ZNW 28, 1929, 177–207.—S. δικαιοσύνη 3 end.② that which one does as regular activity, work, occupation, task (cp. Aristoph., Av. 862; X., Mem. 2, 10, 6; Arrian, Anab. 5, 23, 1; Epict. 1, 16, 21; Sir 11:20; TestSol 1:2 al.; Just., A II, 3, 5 βασιλικόν) w. gen. of the one who assigns the task τοῦ κυρίου 1 Cor 15:58; 16:10; Phil 2:30. διδόναι τινὶ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ assign his task to someone Mk 13:34; πληροῦν ἔ. accomplish a task Ac 14:26. τ. ἔ. τελειοῦν finish the work (Dionys. Hal. 3, 69, 2 τ. οἰκοδομῆς τ. πολλὰ εἰργάσατο, οὐ μὴν ἐτελείωσε τὸ ἔργον; 2 Esdr 16:3, 16) J 17:4; cp. 4:34. ἡ κυρίου τοῦ ἔργου shop superintendent GJs 2:2 (s. deStrycker ad loc.) Of the task and work of the apostles Ac 13:2; 15:38. οἱ πιστευθέντες παρὰ θεοῦ ἔργον τοιοῦτο those who were entrusted by God with so important a duty 1 Cl 43:1. καρπὸς ἔργου fruit of work Phil 1:22. To love someone διὰ τὸ ἔ. αὐτοῦ because of what the person has done 1 Th 5:13. Of an office 1 Ti 3:1 (4 is also poss.). ἔ. ποιεῖν εὐαγγελιστοῦ do the work of an evangelist 2 Ti 4:5.—ἔ. συγγενικὸν ἀπαρτίζειν accomplish a proper, natural task IEph 1:1.③ that which is brought into being by work, product, undertaking, work (Hom. et al.; Gen 2:2; 3 Km 7:15, 19; Jer 10:3; 1 Esdr 5:44; TestAbr A 13 p. 93, 11 [Stone p. 34] εἴ τινος κατακαύσει τὸ πὺρ; Just., D. 88, 8; Mel., P. 36, 244) work in the passive sense. W. special ref. to buildings (Aristoph., Av. 1125; Polyb. 5, 3, 6; Diod S 1, 31, 9; Appian, Mithrid. 30 §119; Arrian, Anab. 6, 18, 2; Dionys. Byz. §27; IG IV2/1, 106, 56; 114, 31 al.; PPetr III, 43 [2] I, 2 [III B.C.] εἰς τὰ ἔργα=for the buildings al.; 1 Macc 10:11; SibOr 4, 59; EPeterson, Biblica 22, ’41, 439–41) 1 Cor 3:13, 14, 15. Perh. a building is also meant in 1 Cor 9:1 and Ro 14:20 (s. καταλύω 2b). γῆ κ. τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔ. 2 Pt 3:10 (FDanker, ZNW 53, ’62, 82–86, would read καὶ γῇ κατὰ τὰ ἐν αὐτῇ ἔργα). Images of deities as ἔργα ἀνθρώπων 2 Cl 1:6 (Herodas 4, 26 ἔργα καλά of works of sculpture; Ath. 17:3f); sim. in the formulation ἔργον χειρός (cp. En 98:5; ApcEsdr 1:10; Herodas 7, 2f τῶν σῶν … χειρέων νοῆρες ἔργον; Epict. 3, 7, 24 τὰ χειρὸς ἔργα; Jos., Bell. 3, 268 of courageous deeds χειρῶν ἔργα; cp. Just., D. 23, 5 of circumcision not as ἔργον δικαιοσύνης) τὸ ἔ. τῶν χειρῶν τινος the work of someone’s hands=what someone has made Ac 7:41; Rv 9:20 (cp. Is 17:8; Just., A I, 20, 5 al.). Of the world as created by God (Celsus 4, 99) Hb 1:10 (Ps 101:26; Ar 4:24 al.); 2:7 v.l.; B 5:10; 15:3. τὰ ἔ. τοῦ διαβόλου the devil’s undertakings or enterprises (Arrian, Anab. 1, 11, 7 Τρωικὸν ἔ.=the Trojan undertaking, of the Trojan War) 1J 3:8. τὰ ἔργα τῆς θηλείας the works of the female (w. ref. to sensual desire like Horapollo 1, 11 p. 18 θηλείας ἔργον and Longus 4, 19, 5 ἔργα γυναικῶν) GEg 252, 56. Of adultery Rv 2:22.④ someth. having to do with someth. under discussion, thing, matter (Hom. et al.) Ac 5:38. κρεῖττον IRo 2:1 (cp. GrBar 5:3 μείζονα τούτων ἔργα). ἔ. εὐφροσύνης a joyful thing B 10:11; οὐ πεισμονῆς τὸ ἔ. not a matter of persuasion IRo 3:3. οὐ νῦν ἐπαγγελίας τὸ ἔ. it is not a matter of what we now profess IEph 14:2. Perh. also 1 Ti 3:1 (s. 2 above).—JKleist, ‘Ergon’ in the Gospels: CBQ 6, ’44, 61–68. DELG. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv. -
9 ὑπόστασις
ὑπόστασις, εως, ἡ (ὑφίστημι; Hippocr.+; Polyb. 4, 50, 10; 6, 55, 2; Diod S 16, 32, 3; 16, 33, 1; M. Ant. 10, 5; ins, pap, LXX; PsSol 15:5; 17:24; TestReub 2:7; TestZeb 2:4; Tat.; Ath. 21, 3; Iren. 5, 36, 1 [Harv. II 426, 1]; Hippol., Ref. 10, 17, 2; Did., Gen. 128, 11 in widely different meanings. See Dörrie 4 below.)① the essential or basic structure/nature of an entity, substantial nature, essence, actual being, reality (underlying structure, oft. in contrast to what merely seems to be: Ps.-Aristot., De Mundo 4 p. 395a, 29f; Plut., Mor. 894b; Diog. L., Pyrrh. 9, 91; Artem. 3, 14; Ps 38:6; Wsd 16:21; TestReub 2:7; SJCh 78, 30; Philo, Aet. M. 88; 92; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1; Tat. 6, 2; Ath. 21, 3; cp. the answer of a certain Secundus, who, when asked ‘Quid fides?’, answered: ‘ignotae rei mira certitudo’=a marvelous certainty about someth. otherwise unknown [FPhGr I 516]; s. also Lexicon Sabbaiticum: Lexica Graeca Minora ’65, 53)ⓐ of the Son of God as χαρακτὴρ τῆς ὑποστάσεως αὐτοῦ a(n) exact representation of (God’s) real being (i.e. as one who is in charge of the universe) Hb 1:3. Sim. of polytheists’ deities, whose basic reality is someth. material like stone, metal etc. Dg 2:1.ⓑ of things: among the meanings that can be authenticated for Hb 11:1 a strong claim can be made for realization (Diod S 1, 3, 2 of the realization of a plan; Cornutus 9 p. 9, 3 of the realization of humanity; Jos., C. Ap. 1, 1 that of the Jewish people, both by a divine act; Tat. 5, 1 of God τοῦ παντὸς ἡ ὑπόστασις): ἔστιν πίστις ἐλπιζομένων ὑπ.=in faith things hoped for become realized, or things hoped for take on (but s. 3 and 4 below) reality. Conversely, ‘without faith things hoped for would have no reality’. HKöster (s. bibliog. 4 below) argues for this sense also in 3:14, but s. 2. Cp. the rendering ‘substance’ (e.g. KJV, REB).② a plan that one devises for action, plan, project, undertaking, endeavor (Diod. Sic 15, 70, 2; 16, 32, 3; 16, 82, 6; 17, 69, 7; Ezk 19:5) ἐν τῇ ὑποστάσει ταύτῃ in connection with this undertaking i.e. the collection for Jerusalem 2 Cor 9:4. The fact that meeting a financial obligation is the main theme (vss. 1–2) might well suggest association of ὑπ. with its use e.g. as a t.t. of expectation of rent due PTebt 61b, 194. To emphasize the importance of steadfast commitment to professed obligation (opp. καρδία πονηρὰ ἀπιστίας ἐν τῷ ἀποστῆναι), the author of Hb 3:14 uses ὑπ. in a way that invites an addressee to draw on the semantic component of obligation familiar in commercial usage of the term (s. PTebt above), an association that is invited by use of μέτοχος, a standard term for a business partner (PHib 109, 3; PCairZen 176, 102 [both III B.C.]), μέχρι τέλους (s.v. τέλος 2bβ), and βέβαιος (s. M-M s.v.). S. Köster 1b above for focus of ὑπ. on ‘reality’.—Satirically, ἐν ταύτῃ τῇ ὑποστάσει τῆς καυχήσεως in this boasting project of mine 2 Cor 11:17.③ The interp. situation, condition (Cicero, Ad Attic. 2, 3, 3 ὑπόστασιν nostram=our situation), also specif. frame of mind (Dio Cass. 49, 9; Themist., Or. 13 p. 178b; Jos., Ant. 18, 24 of determination in desperate circumstances; sim. Polyb. 6, 55, 2) has been suggested for some of the passages cited in 1 and 2 above: 2 Cor 9:4 (explained in a v.l. via the epexegetical gen. καυχήσεως); 11:17; Hb 3:14 (s. Dörrie [bibliog. 4 below], p. 39: the frame of mind described in Hb 3:6). The sense ‘confidence’, ‘assurance’ (based on LXX [Ruth 1:12; Ps 38:8; Ezk 19:5], where it renders תִּקְוָה etc.) favored by Melanchthon and Luther (also Tyndale, NRSV, but not KJV) for Hb 11:1 has enjoyed much favor but must be eliminated, since examples of it cannot be found (s. Dörrie and Köster [4 below]). More prob. for Hb 4:11 is④ guarantee of ownership/entitlement, title deed (Sb 9086 III, 1–11 [104 A.D.]; Spicq III 423 n. 14; cp. M-M s.v.) Hb 11:1 (cp. 2 above for commercial use of ὕπ.).—ASchlatter, Der Glaube im NT4 1927, 614ff; MMathis, The Pauline πίστισ-ὑπόστασις acc. to Hb 11:1, diss. Cath. Univ. of Amer., Washington, D.C. 1920, also Biblica 3, 1922, 79–87; RWitt, Hypostasis: ‘Amicitiae Corolla’ (RHarris Festschr.) ’33, 319–43; MSchumpp, D. Glaubensbegriff des Hb: Divus Thomas 11, ’34, 397–410; FErdin, D. Wort Hypostasis, diss. Freiburg ’39; CArpe, Philologus 94, ’41, 65–78; HDörrie, Ὑπόστασις, Wort-u. Bedeutungsgeschichte: NAWG 1955, no. 3, ZNW 46, ’55, 196–202; HKöster, TW VIII 571–88 (Köster prefers plan, project [Vorhaben] for the passages in 2 Cor, and reality [Wirklichkeit] for all 3 occurrences in Hb, contrasting the reality of God with the transitory character of the visible world). S. also the lit. s.v. πίστις 2a.—DELG s.v. ἵστημι. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv. -
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