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1 typical width
typical width Regelbreite fEnglish-German dictionary of Architecture and Construction > typical width
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2 Academy aperture
сущ.; киноIn the early 1950's, television's demand for feature films increased. The typical television display provides a fixed aspect ratio of 1.33:1 (4 x 3) and many of the films shown on television, to fill the picture height, lost a substantial part of the image when this was "matted off" at the edges. To rectify this incompatibility, the "Academy aperture" was introduced. The Academy aperture produced an image of greater height so that it would fill a television screen without compromising the width. The usual procedure when filming productions for both theatrical release and conventional television transmission is called "shoot and protect". — В начале 50-х увеличился спрос на художественные телефильмы. На обычном телеэкране соотношение ширины и высоты стандартно: 1.33:1 (4 х 3), и когда фильмы транслировались по телевидению, существенная часть изображения искажалась, оно как бы размывалось по бокам, для того чтобы полностью занять экран по высоте. Для устранения этого недостатка и было введено "стандартное кадровое окно". В стандартном кадровом окне изображение имеет бо́льшую высоту, так что оно заполняет телеэкран без какой-либо компенсации за счёт горизонтальной составляющей. Стандартная технология съёмки, обеспечивающая возможность показа фильма как в кинотеатрах, так и по телевидению, называется "кадрирование видеосъёмки" (буквально "снимай и гарантируй" [качественное изображение в любом формате]).
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3 Serge
SARGE, SERGEA coarse, woollen cloth known as early as the 12th century, a finer quality being called " say." It was much used during the Middle Ages for all portions of attire by the poorer classes, and in the piece for the decoration of houses. ————————SERGE (U.S.A.)The specification issued by the U.S.A. Government is as follows: - Cotton and worsted serge for overcoat lining shall be of single or 2-ply cotton warp and single or 2-ply worsted filling, the wool to be not below 46's grade; the width shall be full 36-in. exclusive of the selvedge and shall weigh from 6-oz. to 7-oz. per linear yard; it shall be woven in regular serge weave and constructed so as to give a fabric with good body and twill line on the face and containing approximately equal quantities of worsted and cotton yarns throughout; to be navy-blue, fast to the light, with both sets of threads and to be put up into bookfold. ———————— This term was formerly applied in Yorkshire to rough handling coarse wool fabrics woven in a twill design. An old 6-end serge was a simple diagonal 3 up, 1 down, 1 up, 1 down. The term serge is now almost universally understood to mean the 2 & 2 twill, and sometimes the 3 & 3 and the 4 & 4 twills. In wool fabrics it is the practice to add to the name serge, the definition of botany to distinguish fine wool serges from cross-bred qualities. A typical botany worsted serge, 2 & 2 twill weave, 21-02. per yard, 56/58-in. is made with 2/20's worsted 64/70's quality, S twist, 46 ends and 46 picks per inch, 72-in. wide in loom, woven white arid piece-dyed. The cloth is clear finished so as to obtain a well-defined twill effect. A usual weight for ladies' costume serge is 12/13-oz. per yard. Serges are made in many qualities ranging from 12-oz. to 26-oz. per yard. Crossbred worsted yarns are used in making the rougher and stronger types, while woollen yarns are also used. A serge which is extensively used in uniforms for transport workers is made with two-fold cross-bred worsted yarn for warp and single Cheviot woollen yarn for weft. The cloth is woven white or grey and piece-dyed.
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