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  • 61 democratically

    [demə'krætikəli]
    adverb ((negative undemocratically) following democratic principles: The issue was decided democratically by taking a general vote.) démocratiquement

    English-French dictionary > democratically

  • 62 democratically

    [demə'krætikəli]
    adverb ((negative undemocratically) following democratic principles: The issue was decided democratically by taking a general vote.) democraticamente

    English-Portuguese (Brazil) dictionary > democratically

  • 63 Cavaco Silva, Aníbal Antônio

    (1939-)
       Leading figure in post-1974 Portugal, Social Democrat leader, prime minister (1985-95), president of the Republic since 2006. Born in the Algarve in 1939, Cavaco Silva was educated in Faro and Lisbon and, in 1964, obtained a degree in finance at the University of Lisbon. Like many of the younger leaders of post-1974 Portugal, Cavaco Silva underwent an important part of his professional training abroad; in December 1973, he received a doctorate in economics from York University, Great Britain. He entered academic life as an economics and finance professor in 1974 and taught until he entered politics full-time in 1980, when he was named minister of finance in the sixth constitutional government of Social Democratic Party (PSD) leader and prime minister Sá Carneiro. He was elected a PSD deputy to the Republican Assembly in October 1980. Following the general legislative elections of October 1985, Cavaco Silva was named prime minister of the 10th constitutional government. His party, the PSD, strengthened its hold on the legislature yet again in the 1987 election when, for the first time since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, Portugal was ruled by a party with a clear majority of seats in the legislature.
       Cavaco Silva, who has emphasized a strong free-enterprise and denationalization policy in the framework of economic rejuvenation, served as prime minister (1985-95) and, in the elections of 1987 and 1991, his party won a clear majority of seats in the Assembly of the Republic (more than 50 percent), which encouraged stability and economic progress in postrevolutionary Portugal. In the 1995 general elections, the Socialist Party (PS) defeated the PSD; he ran for the presidency of the republic in 1995 and lost to Jorge Sampaio. Cavaco Silva retired briefly from politics to teach at the Catholic University. In October 2005, he announced his return to politics and became a candidate for the upcoming presidential election. On 22 January 2006, he received 50.5 percent of the vote and was sworn in on 9 March 2006.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Cavaco Silva, Aníbal Antônio

  • 64 Left Bloc/Bloco de Esquerda

    (BE)
       The Left Bloc is an electoral alliance of three extreme left political parties, the Revolutionary Socialist Party/Partido Socialista Revolucionáro (PSR), Popular Democratic Union/União Democrátrico Popular (UDP), and Política XXI/ Politics Twenty-One, and other independent candidates. It was created prior to the 1999 European Union (EU) election. It did not win representation in the EU parliament but did win two parliamentary seats in the legislative elections of October 1999. This made the Left Bloc the Portuguese Communist Party's (PCP) rival on the left. The manner in which both parties conduct themselves in the future will determine whether the BE disappears to leave the PCP as the main left opposition, or whether the BE profits from the PCP's slow transformation in an increasingly modern society.
       The Left Bloc is supported primarily by urban youth. A close analysis of its voters in the cited 1999 general elections suggests that the alliance is actually stealing more votes from the Socialist Party (PS) than from the PCP. In 2001, Fernando Rosas ran as BE candidate for president and received 2.9 percent of the vote.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Left Bloc/Bloco de Esquerda

  • 65 Portas, Paulo

    (1951-)
       Politician and chief of a rightist political party, the Popular Party (PP; formerly the CDS or Christian Democrat Party). Like so many others in Portuguese political life, Portas was trained as a lawyer at the University of Lisbon Law Faculty. Before he was elected to the Assembly of the Republic, Portas was editor of the Lisbon newspaper, Público. In the 1990s, he assumed leadership of the PP. In the October 1999 general parliamentary elections, the PP won all but 15 seats (behind the Portuguese Communist Party [PCP] with 17), but there were soundings regarding a potential alliance between the stronger Social Democratic Party (PSD), with 81 seats, and the PP, to challenge the Socialist Party (PS)-led government of Antônio de Guterres. Portas is a charismatic, populist speaker who campaigns most typically by means of mixing with the people ( o povo) in informal settings such as markets.
       In the March 2002 parliamentary elections, Portas's PP surpassed the PCP in the vote, receiving 14 percent to the PCP's 12 percent, and entered a governing coalition with the dominant PSD. Portas proved himself the most dynamic of campaigners among the three main party political leaders.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Portas, Paulo

  • 66 Sócrates, José

    (Carvalho Pinto de Sousa)
    (1957-)
       Politician, head of the Socialist Party, and prime minister of Portugal. Born in Oporto, Sôcrates lived his early years in Covilha, central Portugal. Trained as a civil engineer, Sôcrates' professional credentials became the subject of a heated political controversy after he became an important politician. The validity of his engineering degree, as well as the academic respectability of the private university at which he had received the disputed credential, were brought into question in the media.
       Sôcrates helped found the youth wing of the Social Democratic Party and, since 1981, has been a member of the Socialist Party.
       His specialty has been environmental affairs, and in the first government of Antônio Guterres, he served as undersecretary of state for the environment. He later became Minister for Youth and Sport in the second Guterres government in 1999. One of his main causes has been to ban smoking in public buildings and public transport and, in January 2008, a law was passed to this effect. (Sôcrates became the target of criticism when it was discovered that he had smoked on a flight from Portugal to Venezuela.) He again became Minister for Youth and Sports and helped organize the 2004 EURO cup ( futebol) in Portugal. He won the post of secretary-general of the Socialist Party in 2004 with a strong vote, and he became prime minister of the XVII constitutional government in March 2005. He was also president-in-office of the European Union during the second half of 2007.

    Historical dictionary of Portugal > Sócrates, José

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