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1 BE ABLE
(and the English present tense can) is expressed by various verbs: pol- (to be physically able), lerta- (be free to do, there being no restraint, physical or other), ista- (know how to; pa.t. sintë), hence e.g. polin quetë “I can speak” (because mouth and tongue are free), lertan quetë "I can/may speak” (because I am free to do so, there being no obstacle of promise, secrecy, or duty), istan quetë “I can/know how to speak” (I have learnt language). Where the absence of a physical restraint is considered, the verb lerta- can be used in much the same sense as pol- (VT41:6). Another way of expressing “can” involves the verb ec-, and what would be the subject in English appears in the dative case instead: Ecë nin carë sa, “I can do it” (it is possible for me to do it), ecuva nin carë sa “I may do that” (in the future). –VT49:20, 34 -
2 BLESSED
alya, almárëa (prosperous, rich, abundant), herenya (wealthy, fortunate, rich), manaquenta or manquenta, also aman ("blessed, free from evil" – Aman was "chiefly used as the name of the land where the Valar dwelt" [WJ:399], and as an adjective “blessed” the word may add an adjectival ending: amanya, VT49:41). Aman is the apparent Quenya equivalent of “the Blessed Realm” (allative Amanna is attested, VT49:26). The word calambar, apparently literally *“light-fated”, also seems to mean “blessed” (VT49:41). Cf. also BLESSED BEING Manwë (name of the King of the Valar). Alya, almárëa, and herenya are adjectives that may also have worldly connontations, apparently often used with reference to one who is "blessed" with material possessions or simply has good luck; on the other hand, the forms derived from the root man- primarily describe something free from evil: Cf. mána "blessed" in Fíriel's Song (referring to the Valar) and the alternative form manna in VT43:19 [cf. VT45:32] (in VT45 referring to the Virgin Mary; the form mána may be preferred for clarity, since manna is apparently also the question-word "whither?", "where to?") The forms manaquenta or manquenta also include the man- root, but it is combined with a derivative (passive participle?) of the verbal stem quet- "say, speak", these forms seemingly referring to someone who is "blessed" in the sense that people speak well of this person (a third form from the same source, manque, is possibly incomplete: read manquenta?) (VT44:10-11) The most purely "spiritual" term is possibly the word aistana, used for "blessed" in Tolkien's translation of the Hail Mary, where this word refers to the Virgin (VT43:27-28, 30). Aistana is apparently not an independent adjective (like alya, mána etc.), but rather the passive participle of a verb \#aista- "bless"; see above concerning its precise application. BLESSEDNESS vald- (so in LT1:272; nom. sg. must be either *val or *valdë) (happiness; but since this word comes from early material where it was intended to be related to Valar "Happy/Blessed Ones", its conceptual validity may be doubted because Tolkien later reinterpreted Valar as "the Powers" and dropped the earlier etymology). BLESSING (a boon, a good or fortunate thing), see BOON. "BLESSINGS", BLESSEDNESS, BLISS almië, almarë; FINAL BLISS manar, mandë (doom, final end, fate, fortune) –LotR:989 cf Letters:308; GAL, KHER, Letters:283, LT1:272, MAN/MANAD, VT43:19, 27-28, 30 -
3 LANGUAGE
quetil (tongue, talk), lambë (tongue). The latter was "the usual word, in non-technical use, for 'language'." (WJ:394) Only the Loremasters used the technical term tengwesta "system or code of signs" instead; this word is also glossed "grammar". Notice that lambë is also used for "dialect" (VT39:15). LANGUAGE (as an abstract, the ability to speak or the "art" of making speech) tengwestië. LANGUAGE with especial reference to phonology: Lambelë. LANGUAGE OF THE VALAR Lambë Valarinwa (lit. *"Valarin language"), LANGUAGE OF THE ELDAR Eldarissa (the latter may not be a valid word in LotR-style Quenya), LANGUAGE OF THE HANDS mátengwië –KWET/VT45:25, WJ:394, 397, VT39:15, LT2:339, VT47:9
См. также в других словарях:
speak for yourself — spoken phrase used for telling someone that your opinion about something is different from theirs ‘No one wants pizza again tonight.’ ‘Speak for yourself! I do!’ Thesaurus: expressions showing anger and used in argumentshyponym arguments and… … Useful english dictionary
speak for itself — phrase if something speaks for itself, it is clearly so good or effective that no additional argument about it is necessary His success as a lawyer speaks for itself. Thesaurus: to be good enough or as good as expectedsynonym Main entry: speak *… … Useful english dictionary
speak for someone — speak for (someone/something) to express the opinions or wishes of someone. I can t speak for my boss on something that is so personal. Tokarczyk believed that her poetry could speak for the nation … New idioms dictionary
speak for something — speak for (someone/something) to express the opinions or wishes of someone. I can t speak for my boss on something that is so personal. Tokarczyk believed that her poetry could speak for the nation … New idioms dictionary
speak for — (someone/something) to express the opinions or wishes of someone. I can t speak for my boss on something that is so personal. Tokarczyk believed that her poetry could speak for the nation … New idioms dictionary
speak for yourself — speak for (yourself) to say what you really believe or think is true. She should tell us what happened – I mean, she s an adult, she can speak for herself. Usage notes: sometimes used to say you do not agree with what someone else has said:… … New idioms dictionary
speak for — (yourself) to say what you really believe or think is true. She should tell us what happened – I mean, she s an adult, she can speak for herself. Usage notes: sometimes used to say you do not agree with what someone else has said: “Without makeup … New idioms dictionary
speak for somebody — ˈspeak for sb derived to state the views or wishes of a person or a group; to act as a representative for sb • Our party speaks for the poor and unemployed. • I can t speak for the others, but I d love to come myself. Main entry: ↑speakderived … Useful english dictionary
speak for themselves — speak for itˈself/themˈselves idiom to be so easy to see and understand that you do not need to say anything else about it/them • Her success speaks for itself. • Recent events speak for themselves. Main entry: ↑speakidiom … Useful english dictionary
speak for itself — speak for itself/themselves if something speaks for itself, it does not need any explanation. I m not going to talk about our business successes. I think the report speaks for itself … New idioms dictionary
speak for themselves — speak for itself/themselves if something speaks for itself, it does not need any explanation. I m not going to talk about our business successes. I think the report speaks for itself … New idioms dictionary
