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1 קרע
קָרַע(b. h.) to tear, split; esp. to rend the garment in mourning. Kel. XVI, 5 עד שיִקְרְעֶנּוּ (Mish. ed. שיַקְרִיעֶנּוּ Hif.) until he tears the bale open. M. Kat. 22b על כל … אינו קוֹרֵעַ אלא עליון for all dead (except parents) … one must rend only the upper garment. Ib. האשה קוֹרַעַתוכ׳ a woman (mourning for her parents) rends the lower garment and puts it back in its place, and then rends the upper garment. Snh.60a אחד השומע … חייב לִקְרוֹעַ both he that hears a blasphemy directly, and he that hears it from one that heard it (and reports as witness before court) must rend his garment; a. v. fr.Part. pass. קָרוּעַ; pl. קְרוּעִים, קְרוּעִין. M. Kat. 26b היוצא בבגד ק׳וכ׳ he that marches before a corpse with a garment rent (for a previous case) robs (deceives) the dead and the living. Ib. a (ref. to 2 Kings 2:12) ק׳ ועומדים לשנים remaining always rent in two; ib. 22b (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 4); Snh. l. c.; a. fr. Pi. קֵרֵעַ 1) same. M. Kat. 26b ואין מְקָרְעִין בפניו you must not rend your garment in his (the sick mans) presence. Ib. מקרעין לקטןוכ׳ we rend a minors garment in order to make him feel sad; ib. 14b. R. Hash. 16b ארבעה … מקרעין גזרוכ׳ four things cause an evil decree passed on man to be torn (cancelled), they are: charity, prayer ; a. fr. 2) (cmp. גָּרַע) to scrape, to mark the outlines of letters by abrasion. Gitt.19b עדים … מקרעין להםוכ׳ for witnesses that know not how to sign their names, grooves are made on blank paper, and they fill the grooves out with ink; ib. 9b; Y. ib. II, 44b top ומְקָרֵעַ; (Tosaf. to Gitt.9b: you cut the names out on blank paper and put it on the document, and the witnesses fill the cuts out) Tosef.Sabb.XI (XII), 8, contrad. fr. ושם; a. e. Nif. נִקְרַע to be torn; to be cut open, be operated upon by a section. Yeb.VIII, 6, a. e. טומטוםשנ׳, v. טוּמְטוּם. Bekh.42b שמא יִקָּרֵעַוכ׳ he may have an operation performed, and be found a eunuch; Tosef.Yeb.XI, 1; Yeb.83b. B. Bath. 168b נ׳ פסול נִתְקָרֵעַ כשר if a document is found torn, it is invalid; if it appears torn by accident, it is valid as evidence; ib. נ׳ קֶרַע של בית דין נתק׳וכ׳ miḳrʿa refers to the rent as made in court for cancellation, nithḳareʿa refers to a rent different from the manner customary in court; Y.Gitt.II, 44b; a. e. Nithpa. נִתְקָרֵעַ to become torn, v. supra. -
2 קָרַע
קָרַע(b. h.) to tear, split; esp. to rend the garment in mourning. Kel. XVI, 5 עד שיִקְרְעֶנּוּ (Mish. ed. שיַקְרִיעֶנּוּ Hif.) until he tears the bale open. M. Kat. 22b על כל … אינו קוֹרֵעַ אלא עליון for all dead (except parents) … one must rend only the upper garment. Ib. האשה קוֹרַעַתוכ׳ a woman (mourning for her parents) rends the lower garment and puts it back in its place, and then rends the upper garment. Snh.60a אחד השומע … חייב לִקְרוֹעַ both he that hears a blasphemy directly, and he that hears it from one that heard it (and reports as witness before court) must rend his garment; a. v. fr.Part. pass. קָרוּעַ; pl. קְרוּעִים, קְרוּעִין. M. Kat. 26b היוצא בבגד ק׳וכ׳ he that marches before a corpse with a garment rent (for a previous case) robs (deceives) the dead and the living. Ib. a (ref. to 2 Kings 2:12) ק׳ ועומדים לשנים remaining always rent in two; ib. 22b (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 4); Snh. l. c.; a. fr. Pi. קֵרֵעַ 1) same. M. Kat. 26b ואין מְקָרְעִין בפניו you must not rend your garment in his (the sick mans) presence. Ib. מקרעין לקטןוכ׳ we rend a minors garment in order to make him feel sad; ib. 14b. R. Hash. 16b ארבעה … מקרעין גזרוכ׳ four things cause an evil decree passed on man to be torn (cancelled), they are: charity, prayer ; a. fr. 2) (cmp. גָּרַע) to scrape, to mark the outlines of letters by abrasion. Gitt.19b עדים … מקרעין להםוכ׳ for witnesses that know not how to sign their names, grooves are made on blank paper, and they fill the grooves out with ink; ib. 9b; Y. ib. II, 44b top ומְקָרֵעַ; (Tosaf. to Gitt.9b: you cut the names out on blank paper and put it on the document, and the witnesses fill the cuts out) Tosef.Sabb.XI (XII), 8, contrad. fr. ושם; a. e. Nif. נִקְרַע to be torn; to be cut open, be operated upon by a section. Yeb.VIII, 6, a. e. טומטוםשנ׳, v. טוּמְטוּם. Bekh.42b שמא יִקָּרֵעַוכ׳ he may have an operation performed, and be found a eunuch; Tosef.Yeb.XI, 1; Yeb.83b. B. Bath. 168b נ׳ פסול נִתְקָרֵעַ כשר if a document is found torn, it is invalid; if it appears torn by accident, it is valid as evidence; ib. נ׳ קֶרַע של בית דין נתק׳וכ׳ miḳrʿa refers to the rent as made in court for cancellation, nithḳareʿa refers to a rent different from the manner customary in court; Y.Gitt.II, 44b; a. e. Nithpa. נִתְקָרֵעַ to become torn, v. supra. -
3 חתם
חָתַם(b. h.; cmp. b. h. חָתַל) 1), to tie up, close, lock. Tanḥ. Bresh. 1 ח׳את היםוכ׳ he locked the Ocean up, that it might not go forth 2) to seal. Y.Ab. Zar. III, 42c bot. טבעת שחוֹתֵם בה the ring with which he seals. Ib. אסור לַחְתּוֹם בה you dare not use it for a seal; Tosef. ib. V (VI), 2; a. fr. 2) to sign, subscribe (as witness, judge) Gitt.VI, 7 אחד … חוֹתְמִין one writes the document and two sign it as witnesses. Ib. 66b ח׳ סופר if the scribe signed as one of the witnesses. Ib. 67a ואתם חֲתוֹמוּ and sign you. Shebi. X, 4 הדיינים חותמיןוכ׳ the judges sign under it; a. fr.Part. pass, חָתוּם, f. חֲתוּמָה; pl. חֲתוּמִים, חֲתוּמִין; חֲתוּמוֹת. Yeb.25b, a. e. עדים הח׳וכ׳ if witnesses are signed ; a. fr. 3) to close a benediction (v. חֲתִימָה). Pes.X, 6 וחותם בגאולה and he closes with redemption (Blessed be the Lord who redeemed Israel). Ib. לא היה חותם he did not close with a benediction. Ber.I, 4 מקום שאמרו לַחְתּוֹם where the Rabbis ordained to close a benediction with Barukh ; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Gitt.60a תורה ח׳ ניתנה the Law was given as one complete book, opp. מגילה מגילה in single sheets. (Cant. R. to I, 11, v. next w. Pi. חִיתֵּם to provide with signatures. Y.Gitt.I, beg.43a, a. e. מְחַתְּמוֹ בעדיםוכ׳ he may have provided it with the signatures of unfit witnesses. Ib. חִתְּמוֹוכ׳.Part. pass. מְחוּתָּם. Y.Keth.II, 26c; Y.Shebu.IV, 35c מח׳ בארבעוכ׳ provided with four signatures. Nif. נֶחְתַּם, Hithpa. הִתְחַתֵּם, Nithpa. נִתְחַתֵּם 1) to be signed, sealed. Gitt.I, 1 בפני נח׳ (Y. ed. נתח׳) in my presence has it been signed; a. fr. 2) to be finally sentenced (by attaching the seal or signature). R. Hash. 16b נכתבין ונֶחְתָּמִיןוכ׳ their verdict is written and sealed at once; Y. ib. I, 57a מִתְחַתְּמִין. Gen. R. s. 31, beg. נתח׳ גזר דינם their decree was sealed; a. e. -
4 חָתַם
חָתַם(b. h.; cmp. b. h. חָתַל) 1), to tie up, close, lock. Tanḥ. Bresh. 1 ח׳את היםוכ׳ he locked the Ocean up, that it might not go forth 2) to seal. Y.Ab. Zar. III, 42c bot. טבעת שחוֹתֵם בה the ring with which he seals. Ib. אסור לַחְתּוֹם בה you dare not use it for a seal; Tosef. ib. V (VI), 2; a. fr. 2) to sign, subscribe (as witness, judge) Gitt.VI, 7 אחד … חוֹתְמִין one writes the document and two sign it as witnesses. Ib. 66b ח׳ סופר if the scribe signed as one of the witnesses. Ib. 67a ואתם חֲתוֹמוּ and sign you. Shebi. X, 4 הדיינים חותמיןוכ׳ the judges sign under it; a. fr.Part. pass, חָתוּם, f. חֲתוּמָה; pl. חֲתוּמִים, חֲתוּמִין; חֲתוּמוֹת. Yeb.25b, a. e. עדים הח׳וכ׳ if witnesses are signed ; a. fr. 3) to close a benediction (v. חֲתִימָה). Pes.X, 6 וחותם בגאולה and he closes with redemption (Blessed be the Lord who redeemed Israel). Ib. לא היה חותם he did not close with a benediction. Ber.I, 4 מקום שאמרו לַחְתּוֹם where the Rabbis ordained to close a benediction with Barukh ; a. fr.Part. pass. as ab. Gitt.60a תורה ח׳ ניתנה the Law was given as one complete book, opp. מגילה מגילה in single sheets. (Cant. R. to I, 11, v. next w. Pi. חִיתֵּם to provide with signatures. Y.Gitt.I, beg.43a, a. e. מְחַתְּמוֹ בעדיםוכ׳ he may have provided it with the signatures of unfit witnesses. Ib. חִתְּמוֹוכ׳.Part. pass. מְחוּתָּם. Y.Keth.II, 26c; Y.Shebu.IV, 35c מח׳ בארבעוכ׳ provided with four signatures. Nif. נֶחְתַּם, Hithpa. הִתְחַתֵּם, Nithpa. נִתְחַתֵּם 1) to be signed, sealed. Gitt.I, 1 בפני נח׳ (Y. ed. נתח׳) in my presence has it been signed; a. fr. 2) to be finally sentenced (by attaching the seal or signature). R. Hash. 16b נכתבין ונֶחְתָּמִיןוכ׳ their verdict is written and sealed at once; Y. ib. I, 57a מִתְחַתְּמִין. Gen. R. s. 31, beg. נתח׳ גזר דינם their decree was sealed; a. e.
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