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1 BE
Quenya uses forms of ná as the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns “in statements (or wishes) asserting (or desiring) a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another” (VT49:28). It may also denote a position, as in tanomë nauvan “I will be there” (VT49:19). PE17:68 mentions návë “being” as a “general infinitive” form; the gloss would suggest that návë may also be regarded as a gerund. Present tense ná “is” (Nam), pl. nar or nár ”are" (PE15:36, VT49:27, 30), dual nát (VT49:30). Also attested with various pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë “I am”, nalyë or natyë “you (sg.) are” (polite and familiar, respectively), nás “it is”, násë “(s)he is”, nalmë “we are” (VT49:27, 30). Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps intended as aorist forms (nain “I am”, naityë/nailyë “you are”); VT49:30 however lists aorist forms with no intruding i (nanyë *“I am”, nalyë *”thou art”, ná “is”, nassë *”(s)he is”, nalmë *“we are”, nar “are”). Pa.t. nánë or né “was”, pl. náner/nér and dual nét “were” (VT49:6, 10, 27, 30). According to VT49:31, né “was” cannot receive pronominal endings (though nésë “he was” is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29), and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen “I was”, anel “you were”, anes “(s)he/it was” (VT49:28). Future tense nauva "will be" (VT42:34, VT49:19; alternative form uva only in VT49:30) Perfect anaië “has been” (VT49:27, first written as anáyë). The form na may be used as imperative (na airë "be holy", VT43:14, alcar...na Erun "glory...be to God", VT44:34); this imperative na is apparently incorporated in the word nai "be it that" (misleading translation "maybe" in LotR). This nai can be combined with a verb to express a hope that something will happen (Nam: nai hiruvalyë Valimar, “may you find Valimar”) or if the verb is in the present rather than the future tense, that it is already happening (VT49:39: nai Eru lye mánata “God bless you” or *”may God be blessing you”). According to PE17:58, imperative na is short for á na with the imperative particle included. – Ná "is" appears with a short vowel (na) in some sources, but writers should probably maintain the long vowel to avoid confusion with the imperative na (and with the wholly distinct preposition na "to"). The short form na- may however be usual before pronominal suffixes. By one interpretation, na with a short vowel represents the aorist (VT49:27). – The word ëa is variously translated "is", "exists", "it is", "let it be". It has a more absolute meaning than ná, with reference to existence rather than being a mere copula. It may also be used (with prepositional phrases) to denote a position: i ëa han ëa “[our Father] who is beyond [the universe of] Eä” (VT43:12-14), i Eru i or ilyë mahalmar ëa “the One who is above all thrones” (UT:305). The pa.t. of this verb is engë, VT43:38, perfect engië or rarely éyë, future euva, VT49:29. – Fíriel's Song contains a word ye "is" (compare VT46:22), but its status in LotR-style Quenya is uncertain. – NOT BE, NOT DO: Also attested is the negative copula uin and umin "I do not, am not" (1st pers. aorist), pa.t. úmë. According to VT49:29, forms like ui “it is not”, uin(yë) “I am not”, uil(yë) *“you are not”, *uis *”(s)he is not” and uilmë *”we are not” are cited in a document dating from about 1968, though some of this was struck out. The monosyllable ú is used for “was not” in one text. The negation lá can be inflected for time “when verb is not expressed”. Tense-forms given: (aorist) lanyë “I do not, am not”; the other forms are cited without pronominal suffixes: present laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva, imperative ala, alá. MAY IT BE SO, see AMEN. –VT49:27-34, Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:34/An Introduction to Elvish:5, VT42:34,Silm:21/391, FS, UGU/UMU, VT49:13
См. также в других словарях:
see eye to eye (with someone) — phrase to agree with someone, or to have the same opinion as them see eye to eye (with someone) with: I don’t see eye to eye with my father on many things. Thesaurus: to agree with someone or somethingsynonym Main entry: eye … Useful english dictionary
see eye to eye — verb be in agreement (Freq. 1) We never saw eye to eye on this question • Hypernyms: ↑agree, ↑hold, ↑concur, ↑concord • Verb Frames: Somebody s … Useful english dictionary
see eye to eye — if two people see eye to eye, they agree with each other. He s asked for a transfer because he doesn t see eye to eye with the new manager. (often negative; often + with) We see eye to eye on most important issues. (often + on) … New idioms dictionary
see eye to eye — If people see eye to eye, they agree about everything. (Dorking School Dictionary) *** If you see eye to eye with somebody, you agree with them. I m glad we see eye to eye on the choice of colour scheme … English Idioms & idiomatic expressions
see\ eye\ to\ eye\ with — v. phr. To agree fully; hold exactly the same opinion. Though we did not usually agree, we saw eye to eye in the matter of reducing taxes. Jim did not see eye to eye with Sally on where they would go for their vacation. •• to agree, compromise or … Словарь американских идиом
see eye to eye — {v. phr.} To agree fully; hold exactly the same opinion. * /Though we did not usually agree, we saw eye to eye in the matter of reducing taxes./ * /Jim did not see eye to eye with Sally on where they would go for their vacation./ … Dictionary of American idioms
see eye to eye — {v. phr.} To agree fully; hold exactly the same opinion. * /Though we did not usually agree, we saw eye to eye in the matter of reducing taxes./ * /Jim did not see eye to eye with Sally on where they would go for their vacation./ … Dictionary of American idioms
see\ eye\ to\ eye — v. phr. To agree fully; hold exactly the same opinion. Though we did not usually agree, we saw eye to eye in the matter of reducing taxes. Jim did not see eye to eye with Sally on where they would go for their vacation. •• to agree, compromise or … Словарь американских идиом
see eye to eye — verb To agree with someone; to concur; to get along. She just never saw eye to eye with her mother about politics … Wiktionary
see eye to eye with — be of the same opinion with , agree with … English contemporary dictionary
not see eye to eye with somebody (on something) — not see eye to ˈeye with sb (on sth) idiom to not share the same views as sb about sth • The two of them have never seen eye to eye on politics. Main entry: ↑eyeidiom … Useful english dictionary
