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1 ná
1 vb. "is" am. Nam, RGEO:67. This is the copula used to join adjectives, nouns or pronouns in statements or wishes asserting or desiring a thing to have certain quality, or to be the same as another VT49:28. Also in impersonal constructions: ringa ná it is cold VT49:23. The copula may however be omitted where the meaning is clear without it VT49:9. Ná is also used as an interjection yes or it is so VT49:28. Short na in airë na, " is holy" VT43:14; some subject can evidently be inserted in the place of. Short na also functions as imperative: alcar mi tarmenel una/u Erun "glory in high heaven ube/u to God" VT44:32/34, also na airë "be holy" VT43:14; also cf. nai be it that see nai \#1. The imperative participle á may be prefixed á na, PE17:58. However, VT49:28 cites ná as the imperative form. Pl. nar or nár are" PE15:36, VT49:27, 9, 30; dual nát VT49:30. With pronominal endings: nányë/nanyë I am, nalyë or natyë you sg. are polite and familiar, respectively, nás it is, násë she is, nalmë we are VT49:27, 30. Some forms listed in VT49:27 are perhaps to be taken as representing the aorist: nain, naityë, nailyë 1st person sg, and 2nd person familiar/polite, respectively; does a followingna represent the aorist with no pronominal ending? However, the forms nanyë, nalyë, ná, nassë, nalme, nar changed from nár are elsewhere said to be aorist, without the extra vowel i e.g. nalyë rather than nailyë; also notice that *she is is here nassë rather than násë VT49:30.Pa.t. nánë or né was, pl. náner/nér and dual nét were VT49:6, 9, 10, 27, 28, 30, 36. According to VT49:31, né was cannot receive pronominal endings though nésë he was is attested elsewhere, VT49:28-29, and such endings are rather added to the form ane-, e.g. anen I was, anel you were, anes she/it was VT49:28-29. Future tense nauva "will be" VT42:34, VT49:19, 27; another version however gives the future tense as uva, VT49:30. Nauva with a pronominal ending occurs in tanomë nauvan I will be there VT49:19, this example indicating that forms of the verb ná may also be used to indicate position. Perfect anaië has been VT49:27, first written as anáyë. Infinitive or gerund návë being, PE17:68. See also nai \#1. 2, also nán, conj. "but, on the contrary, on the other hand" NDAN; the form nan, q.v., is probably to be preferred to avoid confusion with ná "is", *nán "I am". -
2 Mandos(Mandost-)
noun "Castle of Custody" the approximate meaning, according to MR:350. Used as the name of a Vala, properly the place where he dwells the Halls of Mandos, whereas his real name is Námo WJ:402. In Tolkiens mythology, the Halls of Mandos are the abode of the dead, where their spirits remain until they are released from this world in the case of mortals or rebodied in the case of Elves except for those who are refused or themselves refuse further incarnate life, and so remain in Mandos indefinitely. In the Etymologies, Mandos also Mandossë is interpreted somewhat differently, "Dread Imprisoner"MBAD MANAD,VT45:32 or in a deleted version "Dread Doom" VT45:33, where Mandos was asigned the stem Mandosse-. The interpretation Dread Imprisoner would suggest that Tolkien at the time thought of Mandos as being also properly the name of a person, the Vala Námo, not the name of a place. See also Mando. -
3 vehtë
noun life - not Life in general or as a principle, but a period of individual activity, thus also the place where a person, people &c. lived and had their business, i.e. habitat, haunt PE17:189 -
4 ta
1 pron. "that, it" TA; compare antaróuta/u "he gave it" FS; see anta-. The forms tar/tara/tanna thither, talo/tó thence and tás/tassë there are originally inflected forms of this pronoun: *to that, *from that and *in that place, respectively. Compare there as one gloss of ta see \#4. 2 adv. so, like that, also, e.g. ta mára so good VT49:12 3 pron. "they, them", an "impersonal" 3rd person pl. stem, referring "only to 'abstracts' or to things such as inanimates not by the Eldar regarded as persons" VT43:20, cf. ta as an inanimate Common Eldarin plural pronoun, VT49:52. Compare te, q.v. The word ta occurring in some versions of Tolkien's Quenya Lord's Prayer may exemplify this use of ta as an "impersonal" plural pronoun: emmë avatyarir uta/u "we forgive uthem/u" VT43:8, 9; this refers to trespasses, not the trespassers. However, since Tolkien also wanted ta to mean that see \#1 above, he may seem to be somewhat dissatisfied with ta they, them, introducing variant forms like tai VT49:32 to free up ta as a sg. pronoun. In one document, tai was in turn altered to te VT49:33, which could suggest that the distinction between animate and inanimate they, them was abandoned and the form te q.v. could be used for both. In some documents, Tolkien seems to use tar as the plural form VT49:56 mentions this as an uncertain reading in a source where the word was struck out; compare ótar under ó-. 4 conj., said to be a reducted form of tá then, used before each new item in a series or list; if as often in English the equivalent of and was omitted, and placed only before a final item e.g. Tom, Dick, and Harriet, this would in Quenya represent a discontinuity, and what followed after ta would be an addition of something overlooked or less important. PE17:70 Hence the use of arta ar ta, and ta for et cetera; in older language ta ta or just ta. 5 adv. there VT49:33; this may be an Elvish root or element rather than a Quenya word; see tanomë; see however also tar, tara, tanna under ta \#1. -
5 hyarmen
noun "south" SA, SA:men, KHYAR, literally lefthand-direction VT49:12, since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the WestAlso name of tengwa \#33 Appendix E. In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" Appendix A, apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watching point". SA Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" UT:165 -
6 Hyarmen
noun "south" SA, SA:men, KHYAR, literally lefthand-direction VT49:12, since the Elves named the directions as they were to a person facing the Blessed Realm in the WestAlso name of tengwa \#33 Appendix E. In Hyarmendacil masc.name, "South-victor" Appendix A, apparently also in the place-name Hyarmentir name of a mountain; the element -tir means *"watching point". SA Hyarnustar "the Southwestlands" of Númenor; Hyarrostar the "Southeastlands" UT:165
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