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to+grow+hard

  • 21 concallesco

    concallescere, concallui, - V INTRANS
    grow/become hard/hardened/callous/insensitive/shrewd/insensible/dull/obtuse

    Latin-English dictionary > concallesco

  • 22 arduum

    arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).
    I.
    Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    aether,

    Ov. M. 1, 151:

    sidera,

    id. ib. 1, 730:

    cedrus,

    id. Am. 1, 14, 12:

    cervix equi,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:

    et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),

    Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:

    supercilia,

    i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:

    confragosus atque arduus clivis,

    steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:

    ascensus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:

    arduus ac difficilis ascensus,

    Liv. 25, 13:

    ardua et aspera et confragosa via,

    id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

    mons,

    Ov. M. 1, 316:

    Tmolus,

    id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:

    Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,

    Lucr. 1, 659:

    in ardua montis Ite,

    Ov. M. 8, 692:

    ardua terrarum,

    Verg. A. 5, 695:

    per arduum scandere,

    Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:

    in arduo,

    Tac. A. 2, 47:

    in arduis ponet nidum suum,

    Vulg. Job, 39, 27:

    ardua Alpium,

    Tac. H. 4, 70:

    castellorum,

    id. A. 11, 9:

    ingressi sunt ardua,

    Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:

    magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,

    Cic. Or. 10, 33:

    rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,

    id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:

    id arduum factu erat,

    Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:

    victoria,

    Ov. M. 14, 453:

    virtus,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:

    nil mortalibus arduum est,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:

    nec fuit in arduo societas,

    Tac. A. 12, 15.—
    B.
    Troublesome, unpleasant:

    in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,

    Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:

    quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,

    Gell. 4, 15:

    quam arduum onus,

    Tac. A. 1, 11.—
    C.
    Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:

    aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,

    in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.
    ► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > arduum

  • 23 arduus

    arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).
    I.
    Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:

    aether,

    Ov. M. 1, 151:

    sidera,

    id. ib. 1, 730:

    cedrus,

    id. Am. 1, 14, 12:

    cervix equi,

    Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:

    et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),

    Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:

    supercilia,

    i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:

    confragosus atque arduus clivis,

    steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:

    ascensus,

    Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:

    arduus ac difficilis ascensus,

    Liv. 25, 13:

    ardua et aspera et confragosa via,

    id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:

    mons,

    Ov. M. 1, 316:

    Tmolus,

    id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:

    Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,

    Lucr. 1, 659:

    in ardua montis Ite,

    Ov. M. 8, 692:

    ardua terrarum,

    Verg. A. 5, 695:

    per arduum scandere,

    Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:

    in arduo,

    Tac. A. 2, 47:

    in arduis ponet nidum suum,

    Vulg. Job, 39, 27:

    ardua Alpium,

    Tac. H. 4, 70:

    castellorum,

    id. A. 11, 9:

    ingressi sunt ardua,

    Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —
    II.
    Trop.
    A.
    That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:

    magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,

    Cic. Or. 10, 33:

    rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,

    id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:

    id arduum factu erat,

    Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:

    victoria,

    Ov. M. 14, 453:

    virtus,

    Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:

    nil mortalibus arduum est,

    id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:

    nec fuit in arduo societas,

    Tac. A. 12, 15.—
    B.
    Troublesome, unpleasant:

    in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,

    Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:

    quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,

    Gell. 4, 15:

    quam arduum onus,

    Tac. A. 1, 11.—
    C.
    Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:

    aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,

    in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.
    ► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > arduus

  • 24 obduresco

    ob-dūresco, rui, 3, v. n., to grow or become hard, to harden (class. only in the trop. signif.; syn. occalesco).
    I.
    Lit., Cato, R. R. 50:

    semen diuturnitate obdurescit,

    Varr. R. R. 3, 14, 5:

    nervis divinis,

    Arn. 5, 18.—
    II.
    Trop., to become hardened, insensible, obdurate:

    ita miser cubando in lecto hic expectando obdurui,

    Plaut. Truc. 5, 24:

    ad ista obduruimus,

    Cic. Att. 13, 2, 1:

    usu obduruerat et percalluerat civitatis incredibilis patientia,

    id. Mil. 28, 76:

    nisi obduruisset animus ad dolorem,

    id. Fam. 2, 16, 1:

    contra fortunam,

    id. Tusc. 3, 28, 67; cf. id. Fin. 3, 11, 37:

    consuetudine,

    id. Phil. 2, 42:

    amicorum alii obduruerunt,

    id. Fam. 5, 15:

    Gorgonis vultu,

    at the sight of, Prop. 3, 20, 13:

    dociliora sunt ingenia, priusquam obduruerunt,

    Quint. 1, 12, 8.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > obduresco

  • 25 praecrudesco

    prae-crūdesco, crūdui, 3, v. inch. n., to grow very hard, Not. Tir. p. 81.

    Lewis & Short latin dictionary > praecrudesco

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