-
121 TOUCH
appa- ("to touch" in a literal sense), \#ap- (given as aorist stem apë) figurative "to touch (one)" = "concern, affect". TOUCHING pa, pá (as regards, concerning) –VT44:26 -
122 TRUMPET
(see also TRUMP) romba (horn), tumbë; TRUMPET-SOUND róma (loud sound) (Note: róma means "shoulder" in one of Tolkien's early "Qenya" lexicons.) –WJ:400/ROM, LT1:269 -
123 TUNE
lindë (air, song, singing); HARPING ON ONE TUNE vorongandelë ("vorogandele" in the published Etymologies is a misreading; see VT45:7) (continuous repetition) –LIN2 -
124 TWELVE
yunquë ("q"), archaic (pre-historic?) form yuncë (VT48:7, 8). Also (or in another conceptual phase, or in duodecimal counting?) \#rasta (only the stem RÁSAT is given in the Etymologies, but cf. yurasta "24", i.e. 2 x 12, in PE14:17). For the syntax of numerals, see THREE. TWELVE HOURS ("day" when not meaning 24 hours) arya (day). (The word arya is however assigned other meanings in later sources, and aurë is given as the word for “day” meaning daylight period.) Fraction ONE TWELFTH yunquesta –VT47:41, VT48:6, PE14:82, RÁSAT, AR1, VT48:11 -
125 US
The exclusive pronoun (us = “I and some others, not you”) is me (suffixed to ála “do not” in álamë tulya, "do not lead us”, VT43:12, 22). This pronoun evidently connects with the ending -lmë, see WE. Inclusive "us" (i.e. "you and me") should apparently be *ve (for older we), connecting with the subject ending -lvë (older -lwë). If the pronouns me, *ve are stressed, the vowel may be lengthened (mé, vé, VT49:51). In another conceptual phase, Tolkien’s word for inclusive "we, us" may have been *ngwë (Third Age Quenya *nwë), VT48:11. The dual forms receive the ending -t, hence met, wet > *vet as the words for “us” referring to only two persons (exclusive met = “me and one other [not you]”; inclusive wet/*vet = “thee and me”). – Evidently me, *ve would be the same as subject and object, so that these forms could also be translated "we" as a short independent pronoun, and they can also receive case endings, e.g. attested forms like locative messë "on us", allative mello "from us", dative men "for us", allative véna “to us”. The forms atarmë, metermë "for us" also seem to include me, but these forms were evidently ephemeral ("for us", exclusive, is better rendered as men, itself an attested form). –Nam/RGEO:67, VT43:15, 19, VT44:18, VT49:14 -
126 WAIF
hecil (gender-spesific forms are hecilo m. and hecilë f.) (one lost or forsaken by friends, outcast, outlaw) –WJ:365 -
127 WHO
(interrogative pronoun) man (so in Nam and MC:222; MC:221 one place has men, but that is evidently an error, for man occurs in the same text. In FS and LR:59/63, man is translated "what". Either Tolkien later adjusted the meaning of the word, or man covers the meaning of both "who" and "what", but mana is seemingly attested in PM:396 as a distinct word for "what".) NOTE: this "who" is used only in questions. As for "who" as a relative pronoun, as in "the man who did this", see THAT \#3. –Nam/MC:222 -
128 WINTER
hrívë, in Tolkien’s early “Qenya” also Yelin, Hesin. In the Calendar of Imladris, hrívë was a precisely defined period of 72 days, but the word was also used without any exact definition. Lasselanta "leaf-fall" could be used for the beginning of winter, but the usual translation of this word is "autumn". "WINTER ONE" Hescil (a title of Nienna "who breedeth winter", LT1:66, 255) –LotR:1141, 1145; LT1:255, LT1:260
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