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to+denote+the+object

  • 1 the

    [ðə, ði]
    (The form [ðə] is used before words beginning with a consonant eg the house or consonant sound eg the union [ðə'ju:njən]; the form [ði] is used before words beginning with a vowel eg the apple or vowel sound eg the honour [ði 'onə])
    1) (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned previously, described in a following phrase, or already known: Where is the book I put on the table?; Who was the man you were talking to?; My mug is the tall blue one; Switch the light off!)
    2) (used with a singular noun or an adjective to refer to all members of a group etc or to a general type of object, group of objects etc: The horse is running fast.; I spoke to him on the telephone; He plays the piano/violin very well.) l', le, la
    3) (used to refer to unique objects etc, especially in titles and names: the Duke of Edinburgh; the Atlantic (Ocean).) l', le, la
    4) (used after a preposition with words referring to a unit of quantity, time etc: In this job we are paid by the hour.) au, (à) l', (à) la
    5) (used with superlative adjectives and adverbs to denote a person, thing etc which is or shows more of something than any other: He is the kindest man I know; We like him (the) best of all.) le, la, les
    6) ((often with all) used with comparative adjectives to show that a person, thing etc is better, worse etc: He has had a week's holiday and looks (all) the better for it.) le, la, les
    •
    - the...

    English-French dictionary > the

  • 2 Illnesses, aches and pains

    Where does it hurt?
    where does it hurt?
    = où est-ce que ça vous fait mal? or (more formally) où avez-vous mal?
    his leg hurts
    = sa jambe lui fait mal
    ( Do not confuse faire mal à qn with the phrase faire du mal à qn, which means to harm sb.)
    he has a pain in his leg
    = il a mal à la jambe
    Note that with avoir mal à French uses the definite article (la) with the part of the body, where English has a possessive (his), hence:
    his head was aching
    = il avait mal à la tête
    English has other ways of expressing this idea, but avoir mal à fits them too:
    he had toothache
    = il avait mal aux dents
    his ears hurt
    = il avait mal aux oreilles
    Accidents
    she broke her leg
    = elle s’est cassé la jambe
    Elle s’est cassé la jambe means literally she broke to herself the leg ; because the se is an indirect object, the past participle cassé does not agree. This is true of all such constructions:
    she sprained her ankle
    = elle s’est foulé la cheville
    they burned their hands
    = ils se sont brûlé les mains
    Chronic conditions
    Note that the French often use fragile (weak) to express a chronic condition:
    he has a weak heart
    = il a le cœur fragile
    he has kidney trouble
    = il a les reins fragiles
    he has a bad back
    = il a le dos fragile
    Being ill
    Mostly French uses the definite article with the name of an illness:
    to have flu
    = avoir la grippe
    to have measles
    = avoir la rougeole
    to have malaria
    = avoir la malaria
    This applies to most infectious diseases, including childhood illnesses. However, note the exceptions ending in -ite (e.g. une hépatite, une méningite) below.
    When the illness affects a specific part of the body, French uses the indefinite article:
    to have cancer
    = avoir un cancer
    to have cancer of the liver
    = avoir un cancer du foie
    to have pneumonia
    = avoir une pneumonie
    to have cirrhosis
    = avoir une cirrhose
    to have a stomach ulcer
    = avoir un ulcère à l’estomac
    Most words in -ite ( English -itis) work like this:
    to have bronchitis
    = avoir une bronchite
    to have hepatitis
    = avoir une hépatite
    When the illness is a generalized condition, French tends to use du, de l’, de la or des:
    to have rheumatism
    = avoir des rhumatismes
    to have emphysema
    = avoir de l’emphysème
    to have asthma
    = avoir de l’asthme
    to have arthritis
    = avoir de l’arthrite
    One exception here is:
    to have hay fever
    = avoir le rhume des foins
    When there is an adjective for such conditions, this is often preferred in French:
    to have asthma
    = être asthmatique
    to have epilepsy
    = être épileptique
    Such adjectives can be used as nouns to denote the person with the illness, e.g. un/une asthmatique and un/une épileptique etc.
    French has other specific words for people with certain illnesses:
    someone with cancer
    = un cancéreux/une cancéreuse
    If in doubt check in the dictionary.
    English with is translated by qui a or qui ont, and this is always safe:
    someone with malaria
    = quelqu’un qui a la malaria
    people with Aids
    = les gens qui ont le Sida
    Falling ill
    The above guidelines about the use of the definite and indefinite articles in French hold good for talking about the onset of illnesses.
    French has no general equivalent of to get. However, where English can use catch, French can use attraper:
    to catch mumps
    = attraper les oreillons
    to catch malaria
    = attraper la malaria
    to catch bronchitis
    = attraper une bronchite
    to catch a cold
    = attraper un rhume
    Similarly where English uses contract, French uses contracter:
    to contract Aids
    = contracter le Sida
    to contract pneumonia
    = contracter une pneumonie
    to contract hepatitis
    = contracter une hépatite
    For attacks of chronic illnesses, French uses faire une crise de:
    to have a bout of malaria
    = faire une crise de malaria
    to have an asthma attack
    = faire une crise d’asthme
    to have an epileptic fit
    = faire une crise d’épilepsie
    Treatment
    to be treated for polio
    = se faire soigner contre la polio
    to take something for hay fever
    = prendre quelque chose contre le rhume des foins
    he’s taking something for his cough
    = il prend quelque chose contre la toux
    to prescribe something for a cough
    = prescrire un médicament contre la toux
    malaria tablets
    = des cachets contre la malaria
    to have a cholera vaccination
    = se faire vacciner contre le choléra
    to be vaccinated against smallpox
    = se faire vacciner contre la variole
    to be immunized against smallpox
    = se faire immuniser contre la variole
    to have a tetanus injection
    = se faire vacciner contre le tétanos
    to give sb a tetanus injection
    = vacciner qn contre le tétanos
    to be operated on for cancer
    = être opéré d’un cancer
    to operate on sb for appendicitis
    = opérer qn de l’appendicite

    Big English-French dictionary > Illnesses, aches and pains

  • 3 stand

    A n
    1 ( piece of furniture) ( for coats) portemanteau m ; ( for hats) porte-chapeau m ; (for plant, trophy) guéridon m ; ( for sheet music) pupitre m à musique ;
    2 Comm ( stall) ( on market) éventaire m ; ( kiosk) kiosque m ; (at exhibition, trade fair) stand m ; news(paper) stand kiosque à journaux ;
    3 Sport ( in stadium) tribunes fpl ;
    4 Jur ( witness box) barre f ; to take the stand aller à la barre ;
    5 ( stance) position f ; to take ou make a stand on sth prendre position sur qch ;
    6 ( resistance to attack) résistance f ; (to make) a last stand (livrer) une dernière bataille ;
    7 ( in cricket) a stand of 120 runs une série ininterrompue de 120 runs ;
    8 ( standstill) to come to a stand s'arrêter ; the traffic was brought to a stand la circulation a été paralysée ;
    9 ( area) ( of corn) champ m ; ( of trees) groupe m.
    B vtr ( prét, pp stood)
    1 ( place) mettre [person, object] ; stand it over there mets-le là-bas ; to stand sb on/in etc mettre qn sur/dans etc ; to stand sth on/in/against etc mettre qch sur/dans/contre etc ;
    2 ( bear) supporter [person, insects, certain foods] ; I can't stand liars je ne supporte pas les menteurs ; he can't stand to do ou doing il ne supporte pas de faire ; I can't stand him doing je ne supporte pas qu'il fasse ; she won't stand any nonsense/bad behaviour elle ne tolère pas qu'on fasse des bêtises/qu'on se conduise mal ; it won't stand close scrutiny il ne faut pas le regarder en détail ;
    3 ○ ( pay for) to stand sb sth payer qch à qn ; to stand sb a meal/a drink payer un repas/à boire à qn ;
    4 Jur to stand trial passer en jugement ; to stand security for sb, to stand bail for sb se porter garant de qn ;
    5 ( be liable) to stand to lose sth risquer de perdre qch ; she stands to gain a million pounds if the deal goes through elle peut gagner un million de livres si l'affaire marche.
    C vi ( prét, pp stood)
    1 ( also stand up) se lever ; let's stand, we'll see better mettons-nous debout, nous verrons mieux ;
    2 ( be upright) [person] se tenir debout ; [object] tenir debout ; they were standing at the bar/in the doorway ils se tenaient debout au bar/dans l'embrasure de la porte ; they were standing talking near the car ils étaient en train de parler près de la voiture ; to remain standing rester debout ; only a few houses were left standing seules quelques maisons sont restées debout ; there's not much of the cathedral still standing il ne reste que des ruines de la cathédrale ; don't just stand there, do something! ne reste pas planté ○ là! fais quelque chose! ;
    3 ( be positioned) [building, village etc] être ; ( clearly delineated) se dresser ; the house/tree stood on top of the hill la maison/l'arbre était or se dressait au sommet de la colline ; ‘the train now standing at platform one…’ ‘le train au départ du quai numéro un…’ ; the train was standing at the platform for half an hour le train est resté une demi-heure à quai ;
    4 ( step) to stand on marcher sur [insect, foot] ;
    5 (be) to stand empty [house] rester vide ; to stand accused of sth être accusé de qch ; to stand ready être prêt ; as things stand… étant donné l'état actuel des choses… ; I want to know where I stand fig je voudrais savoir où j'en suis ; where do you stand on abortion/capital punishment? quelle est votre position sur l'avortement/la peine de mort? ; nothing stands between me and getting the job rien ne s'oppose à ce que j'obtienne ce poste ; my savings are all that stand between us and poverty la seule chose qui nous préserve de la misère ce sont mes économies ; to stand in sb's way lit bloquer le passage à qn ; fig faire obstacle à qn ; to stand in the way of progress fig faire obstacle au progrès ;
    6 ( remain valid) [offer, agreement, statement] rester valable ; the record still stands le record n'est toujours pas battu ;
    7 ( measure in height) he stands six feet il mesure or fait six pieds de haut ; the tower/hill stands 500 metres high la tour/colline fait 500 mètres de haut ;
    8 ( be at certain level) the record/total stands at 300 le record/total est de 300 ; the score stands at 3-0 le score est 3-0 ;
    9 ( be a candidate) se présenter ; to stand as se présenter comme [candidate] ; to stand for parliament/president se présenter aux élections législatives/présidentielles ;
    10 ( act as) to stand as godfather for sb être parrain de qn ; to stand as guarantor for sb se porter garant de qn ;
    11 ( not move) [water, mixture] reposer ; to let sth stand laisser reposer qch ; let the tea stand laissez infuser le thé ;
    12 Naut to stand for mettre le cap sur [port, Dover etc].
    to leave sb standing [athlete, student, company] devancer qn ; as a cook, she leaves me standing elle est beaucoup plus douée que moi en cuisine ; to stand up and be counted se faire entendre.
    ■ stand about, stand around rester là (doing à faire).
    ■ stand aside s'écarter (to do pour faire).
    ▶
    1 ( move back) [person, crowd] reculer (from de) ; fig prendre du recul (from par rapport à) ;
    2 ( be situated) [house] être en retrait (from par rapport à).
    ■ stand by:
    1 ( be prepared) se tenir prêt ; [doctor, army, emergency services] être prêt à intervenir ; to be standing by to do [services] être prêt à faire ; ‘stand by for take-off!’ Aviat ‘prêt pour le décollage!’ ;
    2 ( refuse to act) rester là ; he stood by and did nothing il est resté là sans intervenir ; how can you stand by and let that happen? comment est-ce que tu peux laisser faire ça sans rien dire? ;
    ▶ stand by [sb/sth] ( be loyal to) soutenir [person] ; s'en tenir à [principles, offer, decision] ; assumer [actions].
    1 ( resign) [president, chairman, candidate] démissionner (in favour of en faveur de) ;
    2 Jur quitter la barre.
    ■ stand for:
    ▶ stand for [sth]
    1 ( represent) [party, person] représenter [ideal] ;
    2 ( denote) [initials] vouloir dire [qch] ; [company, name] être un gage de [quality etc] ;
    3 ( tolerate) [person] tolérer [cut, reduction, insubordination] ; I wouldn't stand for that je ne le tolérerais pas ; don't stand for him being so rude to you! ne le laisse pas te parler comme ça!
    ■ stand in: to stand in for sb remplacer qn.
    ■ stand off:
    1 ( reach a stalemate) aboutir à une impasse ;
    2 Naut courir au large ;
    ▶ stand [sb] off ○, stand off [sb] ○ ( lay off) licencier [workers].
    1 ( be noticeable) [person] sortir de l'ordinaire ; [building, design] se détacher, ressortir (against sur) ; [work, ability, achievement, person] être remarquable ; to stand out from [person] se distinguer de [group] ;
    2 ( protrude) [veins] saillir ;
    3 ( take a stance) résister ; [person] to stand out for revendiquer [right, principle] ; to stand out against se prononcer contre [change, decision].
    ▶ stand over ( be postponed) être remis à plus tard ;
    ▶ stand over [sb]
    1 ( supervise) être sur le dos de ○ [employee etc] ;
    2 ( watch) don't stand over me! ne reste pas dans mes pattes ○ !
    ▶ stand to être en état d'alerte ; to stand to to do se tenir prêt à faire ;
    ▶ stand [sb] to mettre [qn] en état d'alerte.
    ■ stand up:
    1 ( rise) se lever (to do pour faire) ;
    2 ( stay upright) se tenir debout ;
    3 ( withstand investigation) [argument, theory, story] tenir debout ; to stand up to résister à [scrutiny, investigation] ;
    4 ( resist) to stand up to tenir tête à [person] ;
    5 ( defend) to stand up for défendre [person, rights] ; to stand up for oneself se défendre ;
    ▶ stand [sb/sth] up
    1 ( place upright) mettre [qn] debout [person] ; redresser [object] ; to stand sth up against/on mettre qch contre/sur ;
    2 ○ ( fail to meet) poser un lapin à ○ [girlfriend, boyfriend].

    Big English-French dictionary > stand

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