-
1 CROSS
(vb.) langa- vb. “go over, pass over” –PE17:65 (noun) tarwë (crucifix); CROSS (vb.) lahta- (pass over, surpass, excel) –QL:89, PE17:92 -
2 GO
lelya- or lenna- (pa.t. lendë in both cases; the printed Etymologies gives "linna" instad of lenna-, but according to VT45:27 this is a misreading) (proceed, travel); \#men- (attested in the aorist: menë "goes"), vanya- (pa.t. vannë) (depart, disappear – it may be that Tolkien abandoned the verb vanya-, if it is regarded as the conceptual predecessor of auta-, see GO AWAY below), GO ROUND pel- (revolve, return; the Silmarillion Appendix also mentions “encircle” as a meaning of the root PEL, cf. also “Qenya” pele- “surround, fence in, pen in”; pa.t. pellë given, QL:73). GO OVER, see CROSS. GO ATHWART tara- (cross); GO AWAY auta- (leave, pass); pa.t. oantë, perf. oantië (in the physical sense "went away [to another place]", vánë ("the most frequently used past [tense]" – less "physical" than oantë, rather meaning to be lost or to disappear), also anwë (this pa.t. was "only found in archaic language"), perf. avánië (pl. avánier is attested); perf. vánië with no augment may occur in verse. GO FORTH TOWARDS (with the thing approached as direct object) tenta-, pa.t. tentanë (the verb can also mean “direct toward” or “be directed toward”, in the intransitive tense apparently with the pa.t. tenantë). CAUSE TO GO (in a desired direction) menta- (send), GONE vanwa (departed, vanished, dead, lost, past and over, no longer to be had) BE GONE! heca! – also with pronominal affixes: sg hecat, pl hecal "you be gone!" (stand aside!) LET GO lerya- (release, set free), sen- (let loose, free) –WJ:363, LED/VT45:27, VT47:11, 30, PEL, LT2:347, WAN, Nam, WJ:364, VT41:5, VT49:23, WJ:366, VT41:5, VT43:18 -
3 PASS OVER
lahta- (cross, surpass, excel), langa- (cross, go over) –PE17:92, 65 -
4 ATHWART
arta (across) (Note: arta also means "fort, fortress"); GO ATHWART tara- (cross) –LT2:335, 347 -
5 CRUCIFIX
tarwë (cross); CRUCIFY tarwesta- –QL:89 -
6 EXCEL
lahta- (pass over, cross, surpass) –PE17:92 -
7 SURPASS
lahta- (pass over, cross, excel); adv. SURPASSINGLY langë (extremely, superlatively) –PE17:92
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