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41 contravene
[ˌkɔntrə'viːn]гл.1) преступать, нарушатьto contravene a law — преступать, нарушать закон
Syn:2) оспаривать, ставить под вопросSyn:3) вступать в противоречие; идти вразрез с чем-л.He said that European directives about recording phone communications contravened the European Human Rights Convention. — Он заявил, что европейские директивы, касающиеся записи телефонных переговоров, противоречат Европейской конвенции о защите прав человека.
Syn:conflict 2. -
42 presume
presume [prɪ'zju:m]∎ I presume he isn't coming je présume ou suppose qu'il ne viendra pas;∎ I presumed them to be aware or that they were aware of the difficulties je supposais qu'ils étaient au courant des difficultés;∎ Military missing, presumed dead manque à l'appel ou porté disparu, présumé mort;∎ he was presumed dead (by family etc) on le croyait mort; (by authorities) on a présumé qu'il était mort, on l'a considéré comme décédé;∎ Law every man is presumed innocent until proven guilty tout homme est présumé innocent tant qu'il n'a pas été déclaré coupable;∎ I presume so je suppose, je présume que oui(b) (take liberty) oser, se permettre;∎ I wouldn't presume to contradict you je ne me permettrais pas de vous contredire;∎ I wouldn't presume so far as to… je n'aurais pas la présomption de…;∎ you're presuming rather a lot tu es bien présomptueux(c) (presuppose) présupposer;∎ presuming they agree à supposer qu'ils soient d'accord∎ I don't want to presume je ne voudrais pas m'imposer;∎ to presume on or upon sb abuser de la gentillesse de qnⓘ Dr Livingstone, I presume Ce sont les mots que Sir Henry Stanley aurait adressés au Docteur Livingstone lorsqu'il le retrouva dans la jungle africaine où il s'était perdu en 1871. Stanley avait été envoyé à la recherche de l'explorateur par un journal américain. Cette phrase ("Docteur Livingstone, je présume") est utilisée sur le mode humoristique lorsqu'on fait la connaissance de quelqu'un dont on a entendu parler auparavant, le plus souvent en remplaçant Doctor Livingstone par le nom de la personne en question.
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