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1 Mairen
fem. nameUT:210, initial element perhaps related or identical to mai "well". The second element is obscure; the root REN "recall, have in mind" PM:372 could be related; if so the name may imply "well remembered", "of good memory" or something similar. It may also connect with the adj. maira, q.v. and compare the masc. name Mairon PE18:163. -
2 ala-
2 negative prefix "not", "un-", reduced to al- before a vowel VT42:33, GALA, VT45:25, though the example Alcorin would suggest that al- can sometimes appear before a consonant as well. In a deleted entry in Etym, ala- was defined as "not" and said to be a "pure negative" VT45:5. In alahasta, Alamanyar, alasaila, Alcorin. 3, also al-, a prefix expressing good or well PE17:146, as in alaquenta q.v. Whether Tolkien imagined this ending to coexist with the negative prefix of the same form \#2 above is unclear and perhaps dubious. 4 vb. plant, grow the first gloss would suggest that the following one is transitive: to grow plants PE17:100. Compare al- thrive, *grow which however seems intransitive. -
3 carna
passive participle *"built, made" in Vincarna "newly-made" MR:408, also struck-out alacarna well-done, well-made PE17:172. Carna would seem to be the passive participle of car-, though a longer form carina read *cárina? is also attested VT43:15. -
4 malta
noun "gold", also name of tengwa \#18 Appendix E. The Etymologies entry SMAL instead has malda, q.v. for discussion, but according to VT46:14, the form malta originally appeared in the Etymologies as well. Also compare the root MALAT listed in PM:366. -
5 telco
noun "stem" of a Tengwa symbol Appendix E. The Etymologies gives telco "k" pl. telqui "q" "leg" the pl. form is said to be analogical TÉLEK. It seems, then, that the word can refer to a "stem" or "leg" in general as well as the stem of a Tengwa. In the pre-classical Tengwar system presupposed in the Etymologies, telco is used to refer to a carrier symbol VT46:18, 33 -
6 alwa
adj. "healthy, strong, flourishing" + one gloss not certainly legible: ?"well grown" VT45:14 -
7 tai
1 pron. "that which, what", which fact VT42:34, VT49:12, 20. The word occurs in the sentence alasaila ná lá carë tai mo navë mára, translated "it is unwise not to do what one judges good". So tai = "what", but it means more literally "that which" VT49:12, ta + i cf. ta \#1 and the use of i as a relative pronoun. In one note, Tolkien emended tai to ita, reversing the elements VT49:12 and also eliminating the ambiguity involving the homophone tai \#2, see below. 2 pron. they, them, 3rd person pl., used with reference to inanimates rather than persons or living things VT49:32, see ta \#3 above. Perhaps to avoid the clash with tai that which, the pronoun tai they, them was altered to te in at least one manuscript VT49:33, so that it would merge with the pronoun used of living beings and the distinction between animate and inanimate would be abandoned see te. 3 adv. then, also tá which form may be preferred because tai has other meanings as well VT49:33 -
8 ala
1 imperative particle á, a combined with the negation lá, -la "not" to express a prohibition VT43:22; see lá \#1. Also with 1st person suffix -lyë alalyë and álalyë, VT43:10, 22, VT44:8 and 1st person pl. object suffix -më alamë and álamë, "do not do something to us", as in álaumë/u tulya, "do not lead uus/u", VT43:12, 22. In the essay Quendi and Eldar, negative imperatives are rather indicated by áva, q.v., but this form can well coexist with ala, \#ála. 5 prep. "after, beyond" MC:221, 214; however, LotR-style Quenya has han and pella "beyond" and apa "after" 6 also alar! or alla! interjection "hail, blessed be thou". VT45:5,14 7 noun "day", also alan "daytime". The forms allen, alanen listed after these words could be inflected forms of them, genitive "of daytime", constracted allen = al'nen and uncontracted. However, Tolkien struck out all of this VT45:13. -
9 Maitimo
noun "well-shaped one", mother-name never used in narrative of Nelyafinwë = Maedhros PM:353 -
10 rau
pl. rávi noun "lion" LT1:260; the pl. of this "Qenya" form is valid in Tolkien's later Quenya as well, but the sg. he changed to rá, q.v. -
11 Martan
2, also Martano, noun "Earth-smith", "Earthbuilder", a surname of Aule TAN, GAWA/GOWO the form Martanō given under MBAR must be understood as a primitive form. LT1:266 refers to a very late note where a variant Quenya form Martamo is derived from ¤mbartanōworld-artificer; the stated primitive form as well as the Sindarin cognate Barthan would suggest that the Quenya form should be Martano; on the other hand, tamo q.v. does occur as a variant of tano smith. -
12 lón
pl. lóni given noun "deep pool", "river-?feeding well" the second gloss was not certainly legible. A rejected paragraph in Tolkien's manuscript defined the word as "deep pool or lake" VT48:28, PE17:137 -
13 hlar-
verb "hear", future tense hlaruva "shall hear" in Markirya. Since the original root is SLAS, this verb may have the past tense *hlassë for slansē in more classical forms of Quenya, perhaps re-formed as *hlarnë or *hlarrë, for hlazze in spoken Noldorin Quenya. Compare \#hriz- snow root SRIS with past tense hrinsë/hrissë, as well as Tolkien's remarks in PE19:99. -
14 -s
1 3rd person sg. pronominal ending "he/him, she/her, it" VT49:48, 51, occurring in caris *he/she/it does VT49:16, PE17:129, caitas *it lies PE17:65, tentanes it pointed VT49:26, tulis *she comes VT49:19, eques q.v., anes see ná \#1, also in object position in camnelyes, caritas, caritalyas, melinyes, tiruvantes, and utúvienyes, q.v. Tolkien mentions -s as an objective ending for the 3rd person sg. in PE17:110. The longer form -së perhaps with personal meaning he, she only is said to be rare VT49:51; cf. násë he is, nésë he was see ná \#1. In nésë the ending is suggested to be shortened from -sse VT49:28, an ending that may also be attested in the untranslated verbal form tankassen PE17:76, where it is perhaps followed by a second pronominal ending -n *me. According to PE17:129, the 3rd person sg. ending at one stage appeared as -ze when pronominal affixes followed Tolkien citing the form carize-, e.g. apparently *carizet for he makes them; normally z would later become r, but it actually became historically: reverted to s by analogy with the short form caris as well as the independent pronoun se. Exilic Quenya would then evidently have e.g. *cariset for he makes them, with a rare example of intervocalic s that is not derived from older þ. 2 ending for the mysterious case sometimes called "respective", actually probably a shorter variant of the locative in -ssë. Pl. -is, dual -tes, partitive pl. -lis. -
15 Túrin
masc. name, apparently meaning *"victory-mood" LR:395, s.v. TUR. The Etymologies gives Turindo as the Quenya form of this name; Túrin seems to be properly the Sindarin form, though it fits Quenya style well enough and Nienor used it in a Quenya sentence near the end of ch. 21 of the Silmarillion. The name appears as Turin with a short u in the phrase nahtana ló Turin, *slain by Túrin VT49:24 -
16 tindómerel
also capitalized Tindómerel fem. name "daughter of twilight", a kenning poetic name of the nightingale; = Sindarin Tinúviel. TIN, SEL-D, SA:tin; "Tindómrl" in mirrored Tengwar in VT47:37 would seem to be an incomplete annotation of the same word. The form Tindómiel UT:210 could well be an alternative Quenya equivalent of Tinúviel, and it is possibly to be preferred because the status of the ending -rel "daughter" is uncertain it was to represent older -zel, -sel corresponding to the independent word seldë, but Tolkien changed the meaning of this word from "daughter" to "child", and since the word for "child" appears as hína in later texts, it may be that seldë and the corresponding ending -rel were dropped altogether. -
17 helca
"k" adj. "icy, ice-cold" misprint "helk" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry KHELEK; both the Silmarillion Appendix and LT1:254 have helka, and VT45:21 finally confirmed that there is a final -a in Tolkien's Etymologies manuscript as well. In Helcar, the Inland Sea in the north-east of Middle-earth, and Helcaraxë, the Grinding Ice between Araman and Middle-earth SA; spelt "Helkarakse" in the Etymologies, stem KARAK -
18 quat-
vb. "fill" WJ:392, future \#quantuva "shall fill" enquantuva "shall refill" Nam, RGEO:67 Irrespective of the prefix en- "re", the form enquatuva VT48:11 displays the expected future tense of quat-. The Namárië form enquaun/utuva seems to include a nasal infix as well, which is possibly an optional feature of the future tense. On the other hand, PE17:68 cites the verb as quanta- rather than quat-, and then the future-tense form quantuva would be straightforward. -
19 mandë
1 noun "doom, final end, fate, fortune" usually = final bliss MANAD, under MAN 2 adv. well VT49:26; this is Qenya. Rather mai in Tolkiens later Quenya. -
20 valin
adj. "happy" LT1:272,. This word, as well as valima and vald-, connect with Tolkien's early concept of Valar meaning "happy ones".Since the term Valar was later reinterpreted as "the Powers", the conceptual validity of these terms for "happy depends on whether the bliss associated with the Valar and Valinor is regarded as sufficient to give them a secondary justification.
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