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1 fritz
n. m. Le fritz: 'Kraut', the German language. -
2 Haber, Fritz
SUBJECT AREA: Chemical technology[br]b. 9 December 1868 Breslau, Germany (now Wroclaw, Poland)d. 29 January 1934 Basel, Switzerland[br]German chemist, inventor of the process for the synthesis of ammonia.[br]Haber's father was a manufacturer of dyestuffs, so he studied organic chemistry at Berlin and Heidelberg universities to equip him to enter his father's firm. But his interest turned to physical chemistry and remained there throughout his life. He became Assistant at the Technische Hochschule in Karlsruhe in 1894; his first work there was on pyrolysis and electrochemistry, and he published his Grundrisse der technischen Electrochemie in 1898. Haber became famous for thorough and illuminating theoretical studies in areas of growing practical importance. He rose through the academic ranks and was appointed a full professor in 1906. In 1912 he was also appointed Director of the Institute of Physical Chemistry and Electrochemistry at Dahlem, outside Berlin.Early in the twentieth century Haber invented a process for the synthesis of ammonia. The English chemist and physicist Sir William Crookes (1832–1919) had warned of the danger of mass hunger because the deposits of Chilean nitrate were becoming exhausted and nitrogenous fertilizers would not suffice for the world's growing population. A solution lay in the use of the nitrogen in the air, and the efforts of chemists centred on ways of converting it to usable nitrate. Haber was aware of contemporary work on the fixation of nitrogen by the cyanamide and arc processes, but in 1904 he turned to the study of ammonia formation from its elements, nitrogen and hydrogen. During 1907–9 Haber found that the yield of ammonia reached an industrially viable level if the reaction took place under a pressure of 150–200 atmospheres and a temperature of 600°C (1,112° F) in the presence of a suitable catalyst—first osmium, later uranium. He devised an apparatus in which a mixture of the gases was pumped through a converter, in which the ammonia formed was withdrawn while the unchanged gases were recirculated. By 1913, Haber's collaborator, Carl Bosch had succeeded in raising this laboratory process to the industrial scale. It was the first successful high-pressure industrial chemical process, and solved the nitrogen problem. The outbreak of the First World War directed the work of the institute in Dahlem to military purposes, and Haber was placed in charge of chemical warfare. In this capacity, he developed poisonous gases as well as the means of defence against them, such as gas masks. The synthetic-ammonia process was diverted to produce nitric acid for explosives. The great benefits and achievement of the Haber-Bosch process were recognized by the award in 1919 of the Nobel Prize in Chemistry, but on account of Haber's association with chemical warfare, British, French and American scientists denounced the award; this only added to the sense of bitterness he already felt at his country's defeat in the war. He concentrated on the theoretical studies for which he was renowned, in particular on pyrolysis and autoxidation, and both the Karlsruhe and the Dahlem laboratories became international centres for discussion and research in physical chemistry.With the Nazi takeover in 1933, Haber found that, as a Jew, he was relegated to second-class status. He did not see why he should appoint staff on account of their grandmothers instead of their ability, so he resigned his posts and went into exile. For some months he accepted hospitality in Cambridge, but he was on his way to a new post in what is now Israel when he died suddenly in Basel, Switzerland.[br]Bibliography1898, Grundrisse der technischen Electrochemie.1927, Aus Leben und Beruf.Further ReadingJ.E.Coates, 1939, "The Haber Memorial Lecture", Journal of the Chemical Society: 1,642–72.M.Goran, 1967, The Story of Fritz Haber, Norman, OK: University of Oklahoma Press (includes a complete list of Haber's works).LRD -
3 Behr, Fritz Bernhard
[br]b. 9 October 1842 Berlin, Germanyd. 25 February 1927[br]German (naturalized British in 1876) engineer, promoter of the Lartigue monorail system.[br]Behr trained as an engineer in Britain and had several railway engineering appointments before becoming associated with C.F.M.-T. Lartigue in promoting the Lartigue monorail system in the British Isles. In Lartigue's system, a single rail was supported on trestles; vehicles ran on the rail, their bodies suspended pannier-fashion, stabilized by horizontal rollers running against light guide rails fixed to the sides of the trestles. Behr became Managing Director of the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway Company, which in 1888 opened its Lartigue system line between those two places in the south-west of Ireland. Three locomotives designed by J.T.A. Mallet were built for the line by Hunslet Engine Company, each with two horizontal boilers, one either side of the track. Coaches and wagons likewise were in two parts. Technically the railway was successful, but lack of traffic caused the company to go bankrupt in 1897: the railway continued to operate until 1924.Meanwhile Behr had been thinking in terms far more ambitious than a country branch line. Railway speeds of 150mph (240km/h) or more then lay far in the future: engineers were uncertain whether normal railway vehicles would even be stable at such speeds. Behr was convinced that a high-speed electric vehicle on a substantial Lartigue monorail track would be stable. In 1897 he demonstrated such a vehicle on a 3mile (4.8km) test track at the Brussels International Exhibition. By keeping the weight of the motors low, he was able to place the seats above rail level. Although the generating station provided by the Exhibition authorities never operated at full power, speeds over 75mph (120 km/h) were achieved.Behr then promoted the Manchester-Liverpool Express Railway, on which monorail trains of this type running at speeds up to 110mph (177km/h) were to link the two cities in twenty minutes. Despite strong opposition from established railway companies, an Act of Parliament authorizing it was made in 1901. The Act also contained provision for the Board of Trade to require experiments to prove the system's safety. In practice this meant that seven miles of line, and a complete generating station to enable trains to travel at full speed, must be built before it was known whether the Board would give its approval for the railway or not. Such a condition was too severe for the scheme to attract investors and it remained stillborn.[br]Further ReadingH.Fayle, 1946, The Narrow Gauge Railways of Ireland, Greenlake Publications, Part 2, ch. 2 (describes the Listowel \& Ballybunion Railway and Behr's work there).D.G.Tucker, 1984, "F.B.Behr's development of the Lartigue monorail", Transactions ofthe Newcomen Society 55 (covers mainly the high speed lines).See also: Brennan, LouisPJGR -
4 Roethlisberger, Fritz Jules
(1898–1974) Gen MgtU.S. academic. Collaborated with Elton Mayo in the Hawthorne experiments, leading the research and data analysis and publicizing the findings in Management and the Worker (1939).The ultimate business dictionary > Roethlisberger, Fritz Jules
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5 le van robbanva
to be on the fritz -
6 испортиться
1) General subject: addle, change, conk, corrupt, deteriorate, disimprove, flaw, foul, get out of order, give out (о машине), give way (о здоровье), go down the line, go out of whack, grow rank, pack up (о механизме), perish, rot, rust, spoil, spring a leakage, start a leakage, taint, decay, go awry, go bad, go wrongly, run awry, step awry, tread awry, walk awry, break (о погоде), turn overcast (о погоде: Enjoy the sunny weather while you can - tomorrow it turns overcast.), go duff, grow bad2) Colloquial: turn to custard3) Railway term: get wrong4) Jargon: fritz, fritz (о технике), go on the fritz5) Oil: go out of gear, go out of order7) Quality control: go fut8) Makarov: go phut, go wrong, go wrong (о пище), come to no good, conk out (о двигателе), fritz out (о технике)9) Taboo: crap out, go on the bum, go to hell -
7 отказать
1) General subject: debar, deny, disallow, exclude (exclude somebody from a house - отказать кому-либо от дома), give the basket (сватающемуся), go out of whack, maloperation, refuse, repel, say no, (кому-либо) turn away (кого-либо) (http://www.people.com/people/article/0,,20231886,00.html), give the mitten (жениху), say nay (кому-л.), give the sack (жениху), hand sb. the mitten (ухажёру), fail to function, (кому-л.) shut down2) Geology: misfire3) Railway term: fail (в действии), give way, reject4) Law: abjudicate (в иске, в признании права судебным решением), give6) Jargon: burn down, dump, fritz, give( someone) the fluff, kick (someone) out, go on the fritz (о технике), flag (кому-то)7) Astronautics: fail8) Quality control: break out (о приборе)9) Makarov: come out of action, conk down, fritz out10) Idiomatic expression: crap out (о механизме) -
8 телевизор отказал
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9 выйти из строя
1) General subject: break ranks, derange, everything went wrong (о машине и т. п.), fail, fall out, go out of whack, pack up, to be on the blink, break the ranks, go to pieces, go wrong, go wrongly, fall by the wayside, give up the ghost, go duff, fail to function, go south2) Computers: fry3) Naval: put out of commission, yaw5) Agriculture: get out of order6) Economy: combine out of action7) Australian slang: go crook8) Jargon: be down (о компьютере, телефонной линии), go haywire, go on the fritz (о технике)9) Business: be used, break down10) Set phrase: be disabled, be put out of action, become unserviceable11) Makarov: be on the blink, be on the blink (об оборудовании), break down (о машине и т.п.), go (all) to pieces, go (all) to rack and ruin, go (all) to smash, come out of action, conk out12) Taboo: crap out -
10 chłodzić
1. (-dzę, -dzisz); imp; -dź; vtto cool, to chill; ( zamrażać) to refrigerate2. vi(o wietrze, napoju) to be cooling* * *ipf.- odź l. - ódź cool, chill; wiatr chłodzi the wind is chilling; lodówka źle chłodzi the fridge is not working properly; pot. the fridge is on the fritz; napoje chłodzące cold drinks; czynnik chłodzący techn. refrigerant, cooling agent; mieszanina chłodząca techn. coolant.ipf.- odź l. - ódź ( o ludziach) refresh oneself; chłodzić się mrożoną herbatą refresh oneself with ice tea; (o napojach, potrawach) cool; piwo chłodzi się w lodówce the beer is cooling in the fridge.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > chłodzić
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11 испорченный
1) General subject: addle (addle egg - тухлое яйцо, яйцо-болтун), addled, adulterated (примесями), bad, bitched up, broken, bust, corrupt (о воздухе и т. п.), debased, debauched, decadent, decayed, deformed, degenerate, depraved, disfigured, faulty, flyblown, fouled up, fouled-up, graceless, miscreant, out of order, perverse, perverted, putrid, rank, rotten, rotten hearted, rotten-hearted, twisted, unplayable (о пластинке, кассете), unsound, vitiate, vitiated, wicked, wasted2) Computers: garbled3) Biology: tainted4) Naval: cant5) Obsolete: naughty6) Engineering: in bad repair7) Australian slang: ratshit8) Automobile industry: lame9) Mining: foul10) Polygraphy: dead11) Jargon: assy, bitched-up, kaput, on the fritz, out the window, snafu, wonky, (о работе) foozlified (This job is really foozlified. Who was in charge? Эта работа точно испорчена. Кто был ответственным?), mungy, nasty12) Oil: made havoc, messed up, played havoc among, played havoc with13) Banking: mutilated (о ценной бумаге)14) Food industry: botched16) Automation: foul17) Quality control: injured19) Taboo: all assed up, assed up (о деле), buggered, bum squabbled, bummy, (о предмете) fucked, fucked up, no bloody good, on the bum, screwed up, shot to hell, shot up the ass20) Tengiz: deteriorated -
12 Т-191
НИ ТПРУ НИ НУ highly coll Invar predic fixed WO1. (subj: human or collect) one does nothing, takes no action ( usu. when some action is expected)X ни тпру ни ну - X doesn't make a moveX doesn't do a (damn) thing X won't budge.Разве от этих бюрократов чего-нибудь дождёшься? Обещают помочь, а сами - ни тпру ни ну. Do you really expect anything from those bureaucrats? They promise to help, but don't do a damn thing.2. ( subj: abstr or human) some work (a person etc) makes no progressX ни тпру ни ну - X isn't getting anywhereX is going nowhere (fast) thing X isn't moving at all (in refer, to beginning an undertaking) I (he etc) can't get thing X off the ground."...Я уже пятьдесят лет бьюсь над этой проблемой и ни тпру ни ну». (Евтушенко 2). "I've been struggling with the problem for fifty years and still haven't gotten anywhere" (2a).3. ( subj: concr) (of a machine, device, apparatus) sth. is not functioningX ни тпру ни ну - X isn't workingX is on the blink (on the fritz). -
13 ни тпру ни ну
• НИ ТПРУ НИ НУ highly coll[Invar; predic; fixed WO]=====1. [subj: human or collect]⇒ one does nothing, takes no action (usu. when some action is expected):- X won't budge.♦ Разве от этих бюрократов чего-нибудь дождёшься? Обещают помочь, а сами - ни тпру ни ну. Do you really expect anything from those bureaucrats? They promise to help, but don't do a damn thing.2. [subj: abstr or human]⇒ some work (a person etc) makes no progress:- [in refer, to beginning an undertaking] I <he etc> can't get thing X off the ground.♦ "...Я уже пятьдесят лет бьюсь над этой проблемой и ни тпру ни ну". (Евтушенко 2). "I've been struggling with the problem for fifty years and still haven't gotten anywhere" (2a).3. [subj: concr]⇒ (of a machine, device, apparatus) sth. is not functioning:- X is on the blink < on the fritz>.Большой русско-английский фразеологический словарь > ни тпру ни ну
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14 pierniczyć
ipf.pot.1. (= bredzić) talk rubbish.2. (= olewać) not give a damn ( coś about sth); pierniczę to! I don't give a damn about it!; ja pierniczę! holy cow!ipf.pot.1. (= mylić się) muddle up.2. (= psuć się) break down; cholera, znów mi się komputer pierniczy damn, the computer's on the fritz again.The New English-Polish, Polish-English Kościuszko foundation dictionary > pierniczyć
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15 телевизор
1. м. television receiver, television set2. TV -
16 телевизор
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > телевизор
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17 транзисторный телевизор
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > транзисторный телевизор
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18 цветной телевизор
Русско-английский словарь по информационным технологиям > цветной телевизор
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19 не имеющий ценности
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > не имеющий ценности
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20 не соответствующий стандарту
1) General subject: fourth rate, fourth-rate2) Construction: no up to standard3) Jargon: on the fritz4) Oil: out of gauge5) Perfume: off-gradeУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > не соответствующий стандарту
См. также в других словарях:
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On the Fritz — This article is about music album. For the idiom, see wiktionary:on the fritz. On the Fritz Studio album by … Wikipedia
on the fritz — adverb (or adjective) Etymology: origin unknown : in a state of disrepair usually used with go his supercharger had gone on the fritz G.P.Elliott * * * on the fritz US informal : not working properly We can t listen to music because the stereo is … Useful english dictionary
on the fritz — 1. mod. not functioning properly. □ This TV is on the fritz again. □ My watch is on the fritz. 2. mod. alcohol intoxicated. □ Sue is a bit on the fritz. □ She dr … Dictionary of American slang and colloquial expressions
on the fritz — adj, adv American malfunctioning, out of order. A synonym of the colloquial on the blink . Fritz here may be the German nickname, probably alluding to imported German goods, thought by Americans in the 1930s to be shoddy. It may alterna tively… … Contemporary slang
be on the fritz — American, informal if a piece of equipment or machinery is on the fritz, it does not work as it should. It will be a long, hot summer our air conditioning is on the fritz … New idioms dictionary
on the fritz — not operating, broken, out of order The VCR is on the fritz again. We can t watch videos tonight. Several conjectures about the origin can be found on www.worldwidewords.org/qa/qa ont4.htm … English idioms
on the fritz — not working in the usual way, or not working at all. The washing machine is on the fritz. Usage notes: usually said of machines … New idioms dictionary
on the fritz — adverb Out of order, malfunctioning, broken. (Used of electrical or mechanical appliances.) Id record it, but my VCR’s on the fritz again … Wiktionary