-
1 lá
1 adv. no, not" LA, VT45:25 According to VT42:33, lá is the stressed form, alternating with la when the negation is unstressed. In another conceptual phase of Tolkien's, lá had the opposite meaning "yes" VT42:32-33, but this idea is contradicted by both earlier and later material: usually lá is conceived as a negation. The negation can receive tense markers and be used as a negative verb when another verb is not expressed VT49:13, apparently where the phrase is not is followed by a noun or an adjective as a predicate, or where some verb is understood, as in English I do not i.e. I do not do whatever the context indicates. With pronominal endings la- in the aorist, e.g. lanyë I do not, am not etc. Tolkien abandoned the form lamin. Exemplified in the sentence melin sé apa ulanyë/u hé *I love him but uI do not love/u him another person VT49:15. Present tense laia, past lánë, perfect alaië, future lauva. 2 prep. athwart, over, across, beyond PE17:65, also used in phrases of comparison, e.g. "A ná calima lá B", A is bright beyond = brighter than B VT42:32. 3 interjection? "please" reading of gloss uncertain VT45:25 -
2 lango
1 noun "broad sword", also "prow of a ship" LAG 2 noun passage, especially across or over an obstacle, also neck PE17:92 3 noun "throat" Tolkien also listed the plural form langwi; in the Etymologies as printed in LR, Christopher Tolkien improperly prefixed an asterisk as if it were an primitive or wrong form; see VT45:26. This indicates that lango has the stem-form *langu-. Compare ango "snake", stem \#angu-, pl. angwi. But whatever the case, lango was changed to lanco. LANG, see LANK -
3 arta
1 adj. "exalted, lofty" PM:354, high, noble PE17:118, 147; cf. names like Artaher, Artanis. 2 noun "fort, fortress" GARAT under 3AR 3 adv. etcetera PE17:71; see ta \#4. 4 prep. "across, athwart" LT2:335, perhaps rather olla in Tolkiens later Quenya. -
4 atta(ata-)
4 prep. across, over, lying from side to side VT49:32; it is not quite clear whether this is a Quenya word or not
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