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101 pay
[peɪ] 1. npłaca f2. vt 3. vi; pt, pp paidto pay one's way — płacić (zapłacić perf) za siebie
to pay a high price for sth ( fig) — płacić (zapłacić perf) za coś wysoką cenę
to pay the penalty for sth — ponosić (ponieść perf) karę za coś
to pay sb a compliment — powiedzieć ( perf) komuś komplement
to pay attention (to) — zwracać (zwrócić perf) uwagę (na +acc)
to pay sb a visit — składać (złożyć perf) komuś wizytę
to pay one's respects to sb — składać (złożyć perf) komuś wyrazy szacunku
Phrasal Verbs:- pay back- pay for- pay in- pay off- pay out- pay up* * *[pei] 1. past tense, past participle - paid; verb1) (to give (money) to (someone) in exchange for goods, services etc: He paid $5 for the book.) płacić2) (to return (money that is owed): It's time you paid your debts.) spłacić3) (to suffer punishment (for): You'll pay for that remark!) zapłacić4) (to be useful or profitable (to): Crime doesn't pay.) opłacać się5) (to give (attention, homage, respect etc): Pay attention!; to pay one's respects.) zwracać (uwagę), złożyć (uszanowanie)2. noun(money given or received for work etc; wages: How much pay do you get?) zapłata- payable- payee
- payment
- pay-packet
- pay-roll
- pay back
- pay off
- pay up
- put paid to -
102 relief
[rɪ'liːf]nrelief driver — zmiennik(-iczka) m(f)
* * *[rə'li:f]1) (a lessening or stopping of pain, worry, boredom etc: When one has a headache, an aspirin brings relief; He gave a sigh of relief; It was a great relief to find nothing had been stolen.) ulga2) (help (eg food) given to people in need of it: famine relief; ( also adjective) A relief fund has been set up to send supplies to the refugees.) pomoc3) (a person who takes over some job or task from another person, usually after a given period of time: The bus-driver was waiting for his relief; ( also adjective) a relief driver.) zmiennik4) (the act of freeing a town etc from siege: the relief of Mafeking.) odsiecz, odbicie5) (a way of carving etc in which the design is raised above the level of its background: a carving in relief.) płaskorzeźba, relief•- relieve- relieved -
103 slump
[slʌmp] 1. n( economic) załamanie nt, kryzys m2. vi* * *1. verb1) (to fall or sink suddenly and heavily: He slumped wearily into a chair.) opaść2) ((of prices, stocks, trade etc) to become less; to lose value suddenly: Business has slumped.) gwałtownie spadać2. noun1) (a sudden fall in value, trade etc: a slump in prices.) nagły spadek2) (a time of very bad economic conditions, with serious unemployment etc; a depression: There was a serious slump in the 1930s.) krach -
104 station
['steɪʃən] 1. n ( RAIL)dworzec m; ( small) stacja f; (also: bus station) dworzec m autobusowy; (also: police station) posterunek m (policji); (RADIO) stacja f2. vtguards etc wystawiać (wystawić perf)to be stationed in/at ( MIL) — stacjonować w +loc
* * *['steiʃən] 1. noun1) (a place with a ticket office, waiting rooms etc, where trains, buses or coaches stop to allow passengers to get on or off: a bus station; She arrived at the station in good time for her train.) dworzec2) (a local headquarters or centre of work of some kind: How many fire-engines are kept at the fire station?; a radio station; Where is the police station?; military/naval stations.) posterunek, placówka, stacja3) (a post or position (eg of a guard or other person on duty): The watchman remained at his station all night.) stanowisko2. verb(to put (a person, oneself, troops etc in a place or position to perform some duty): He stationed himself at the corner of the road to keep watch; The regiment is stationed abroad.) ustawiać, rozlokować -
105 take
[teɪk] 1. pt took, pp taken, vtshower, holiday brać (wziąć perf); photo robić (zrobić perf); decision podejmować (podjąć perf); ( steal) zabierać (zabrać perf); courage, time wymagać +gen; pain etc znosić (znieść perf); passengers, spectators etc mieścić (pomieścić perf); ( accompany) person zabierać (zabrać perf); (carry, bring) object brać (wziąć perf), zabierać (zabrać perf); exam, test zdawać, podchodzić (podejść perf) do +gen; drug, pill etc brać (wziąć perf), zażywać (zażyć perf)to take sth from — wyjmować (wyjąć perf) coś z +gen
I take it (that) — zakładam (, że)
to take sb's hand — brać (wziąć perf) kogoś za rękę
to take sb for a walk — brać (zabrać perf) kogoś na spacer
to take it upon o.s. to do sth — brać (wziąć perf) na siebie zrobienie czegoś
Phrasal Verbs:- take in- take off- take on- take out- take to- take up2. vi 3. n (FILM)ujęcie nt* * *(to take or keep (someone) as a hostage: The police were unable to attack the terrorists because they were holding three people hostage.) brać jako zakładników -
106 tough
[tʌf]adjmaterial, meat, policy twardy; shoes, rope mocny; person, animal wytrzymały; choice, task trudny, ciężki; neighbourhood niebezpieczny* * *1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) twardy2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) twardy3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) uparty4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) niebezpieczny5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) trudny2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) chuligan- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with -
107 trouble
['trʌbl] 1. n(difficulty, bother) kłopot m; ( unrest) zamieszki plto be in trouble — mieć kłopoty or nieprzyjemności ship, climber etc być w tarapatach or opałach
to go to the trouble of doing sth — zadawać (zadać perf) sobie trud, żeby coś zrobić
the trouble is … — kłopot w tym, że …
what's the trouble? — co się stało? ( to patient) co Panu/Pani dolega?
- troubles2. vt 3. vito trouble to do sth — zadawać (zadać perf) sobie trud zrobienia czegoś
* * *1. noun1) ((something which causes) worry, difficulty, work, anxiety etc: He never talks about his troubles; We've had a lot of trouble with our children; I had a lot of trouble finding the book you wanted.) zmartwienie, fatyga, kłopot2) (disturbances; rebellion, fighting etc: It occurred during the time of the troubles in Cyprus.) zamieszki3) (illness or weakness (in a particular part of the body): He has heart trouble.) dolegliwość2. verb1) (to cause worry, anger or sadness to: She was troubled by the news of her sister's illness.) zmartwić2) (used as part of a very polite and formal request: May I trouble you to close the window?) fatygować, niepokoić3) (to make any effort: He didn't even trouble to tell me what had happened.) pofatygować się•- troubled- troublesome
- troublemaker -
108 which
[wɪtʃ] 1. adj1) który2)the train may be late, in which case don't wait up — pociąg może się spóźnić. W takim wypadku nie czekaj na mnie
2. pronwe got there at 8 pm, by which time the cinema was full — dotarliśmy tam o ósmej. Do tego czasu kino było już pełne
1) ( interrogative) który2) ( relative) ( referring to preceding noun) który; ( referring to preceding clause) cothe chair on which you are sitting — krzesło, na którym siedzisz
she said I was late, which was true — powiedziała, że się spóźniłem, co było prawdą
* * *[wi ] 1. adjective, pronoun(used in questions etc when asking someone to point out, state etc one or more persons, things etc from a particular known group: Which (colour) do you like best?; Which route will you travel by?; At which station should I change trains?; Which of the two girls do you like better?; Tell me which books you would like; Let me know which train you'll be arriving on; I can't decide which to choose.) który2. relative pronoun((used to refer to a thing or things mentioned previously to distinguish it or them from others: able to be replaced by that except after a preposition: able to be omitted except after a preposition or when the subject of a clause) (the) one(s) that: This is the book which/that was on the table; This is the book (which/that) you wanted; A scalpel is a type of knife which/that is used by surgeons; The chair (which/that) you are sitting on is broken; The documents for which they were searching have been recovered.) który3. relative adjective, relative pronoun(used, after a comma, to introduce a further comment on something: My new car, which I paid several thousand pounds for, is not running well; He said he could speak Russian, which was untrue; My father may have to go into hospital, in which case he won't be going on holiday.) który, co- which is which? - which is which -
109 fast
[fɑːst] 1. adjrunner, car, progress szybki; dye, colour trwały2. advrun, act, think szybko; stuck, held mocno3. npost m4. vito make a boat fast ( BRIT) — cumować (zacumować perf) łódź
* * *I 1. adjective1) (quick-moving: a fast car.) szybki2) (quick: a fast worker.) szybki3) ((of a clock, watch etc) showing a time in advance of the correct time: My watch is five minutes fast.) spieszyć się2. adverb(quickly: She speaks so fast I can't understand her.) szybko- fastness- fast foods
- fast food II 1. verb(to go without food, especially for religious or medical reasons: Muslims fast during the festival of Ramadan.) pościć2. noun(a time or act of fasting: She has just finished two days' fast.) post- fastingIII adjective1) ((of a dye) fixed; that will not come out of a fabric when it is washed.) trwały2) (firm; fixed: She made her end of the rope fast to a tree.) przymocowany• -
110 waste
[weɪst] 1. n(of life, energy) marnowanie nt; (of money, time) strata f; ( act of wasting) marnotrawstwo nt; ( rubbish) odpady plto lay waste — obracać (obrócić perf) w perzynę
- wastes2. adj( by-product) odpadowy; ( left over) nie wykorzystany3. vtPhrasal Verbs:* * *[weist] 1. verb(to fail to use (something) fully or in the correct or most useful way: You're wasting my time with all these stupid questions.) marnować2. noun1) (material which is or has been made useless: industrial waste from the factories; ( also adjective) waste material.) odpady2) ((the) act of wasting: That was a waste of an opportunity.) zmarnowanie, strata3) (a huge stretch of unused or infertile land, or of water, desert, ice etc: the Arctic wastes.) pustkowie•- wastage- wasteful
- wastefully
- wastefulness
- waste paper
- wastepaper basket
- waste pipe
- waste away -
111 ally
1. ['ælaɪ] n 2. [ə'laɪ] vtto ally o.s. with — sprzymierzać się (sprzymierzyć perf się) z +instr
* * *1. verb(to join by political agreement, marriage, friendship etc: Small countries must ally themselves with larger countries in order to survive.) sprzymierzać się2. noun(a state, person etc allied with another: The two countries were allies at that time.) sojusznik- alliance- allied -
112 appear
[ə'pɪə(r)]vi( come into view) pojawiać się (pojawić się perf), zjawiać się (zjawić się perf); ( JUR) stawiać się (stawić się perf); ( be published) ukazywać się (ukazać się perf) ( drukiem); ( seem) wydawać się (wydać się perf)to appear on TV/in "Hamlet" — występować (wystąpić perf) w telewizji/w "Hamlecie"
it would appear that … — wydawałoby się, że …
* * *[ə'piə]1) (to come into view: A man suddenly appeared round the corner.) pojawiać się2) (to arrive (at a place etc): He appeared in time for dinner.) stawiać się, przybywać3) (to come before or present oneself/itself before the public or a judge etc: He is appearing on television today; He appeared before Judge Scott.) pojawiać/stawiać się4) (to look or seem as if (something is the case): It appears that he is wrong; He appears to be wrong.) wydawać się• -
113 be
[biː] 1. aux vb; pt was, were, pp been1) ( in continuous tenses)2) ( forming passives) być, zostać ( perf)3) ( in tag questions) prawdahe's good-looking, isn't he? — jest przystojny, prawda?
she's back again, is she? — a więc znów jest z powrotem?
4) (+to +infin)2. vb +complement1) byćI am hot/cold — jest mi gorąco/zimno
2) ( of health) czuć się3) ( of age)4) ( cost) kosztować3. vi1) (exist, occur etc) istnieć2) ( referring to place) być4. impers vb1) (referring to time, distance, weather) byćit's too hot/cold — jest za gorąco/zimno
2) ( emphatic)* * *present tense am [ʌm], are [a:], is [ɪz]; past tense was [woz], were [w†:]; present participle 'being; past participle been [bi:n, (·meriцan) bɪn]; subjunctive were [w†:]; short forms I'm [aim] (I am), you're [ju†] (you are), he's [hi:z] (he is), she's [ʃi:z] (she is), it's [ɪ ] (it is), we're [wi†] (we are), they're [Ɵe†] (they are); negative short forms isn't (is not), aren't [a:nt] (are not), wasn't (was not), weren't [w†:nt] (were not)1) (used with a present participle to form the progressive or continuous tenses: I'm reading; I am being followed; What were you saying?.) być, zostać2) (used with a present participle to form a type of future tense: I'm going to London.)3) (used with a past participle to form the passive voice: He was shot.)4) (used with an infinitive to express several ideas, eg necessity (When am I to leave?), purpose (The letter is to tell us he's coming), a possible future happening (If he were to lose, I'd win) etc.)5) (used in giving or asking for information about something or someone: I am Mr Smith; Is he alive?; She wants to be an actress; The money will be ours; They are being silly.)•- being- the be-all and end-all -
114 busy
['bɪzɪ] 1. adjperson, telephone line zajęty; street ruchliwy2. vtto busy o.s. with — zajmować się (zająć się perf) +instr
* * *['bizi] 1. adjective1) (having a lot (of work etc) to do: I am very busy.) zajęty, zapracowany2) (full of traffic, people, activity etc: The roads are busy; a busy time of year.) ruchliwy3) ((especially American) (of a telephone line) engaged: All the lines to New York are busy.) zajęty2. verb((sometimes with with) to occupy (oneself) with: She busied herself preparing the meal.) zajmować się, krzątać się- busily -
115 clap
[klæp] 1. vi 2. vtto clap (one's hands) — klaskać (klasnąć perf) (w dłonie or ręce)
a clap of thunder — uderzenie pioruna, grzmot
* * *[klæp] 1. past tense, past participle - clapped; verb1) (to strike the palms of the hands together eg to show approval, to mark a rhythm, or to gain attention etc: When the singer appeared, the audience started to clap loudly; They clapped the speech enthusiastically; Clap your hands in time to the music.) klaskać2) (to strike (someone) with the palm of the hand, often in a friendly way: He clapped him on the back and congratulated him.) klepnąć3) (to put suddenly (into prison, chains etc): They clapped him in jail.) wtrącać, pakować2. noun1) (a sudden noise (of thunder).) łoskot, huk2) (an act of clapping: They gave the performer a clap; He gave me a clap on the back.) oklaski, klepnięcie -
116 date
[deɪt] 1. n( day) data f; ( appointment) (umówione) spotkanie nt; (with girlfriend, boyfriend) randka f; ( fruit) daktyl m2. vtclosing date — ( for application) ostateczny termin; ( in accounting) termin zamknięcia ksiąg (rachunkowych)
to date — do chwili obecnej, do dzisiaj
out-of-date — ( old-fashioned) przestarzały; ( expired) przeterminowany
to bring up to date — information uaktualniać (uaktualnić perf); correspondence uzupełniać (uzupełnić perf); person zapoznawać (zapoznać perf) z najnowszymi informacjami
letter dated 5th July or (US) July 5th — list z piątego lipca
* * *I 1. [deit] noun1) ((a statement on a letter etc giving) the day of the month, the month and year: I can't read the date on this letter.) data2) (the day and month and/or the year in which something happened or is going to happen: What is your date of birth?) data3) (an appointment or engagement, especially a social one with a member of the opposite sex: He asked her for a date.) randka spotkanie2. verb1) (to have or put a date on: This letter isn't dated.) datować2) ((with from or back) to belong to; to have been made, written etc at (a certain time): Their quarrel dates back to last year.) datować się3) (to become obviously old-fashioned: His books haven't dated much.) starzeć się•- dated- dateline
- out of date
- to date
- up to date II [deit] noun(the brown, sticky fruit of the date palm, a kind of tree growing in the tropics.) daktyl -
117 dedicate
['dɛdɪkeɪt]vtto dedicate to — ( time) poświęcać (poświęcić perf) +dat; (book, record) dedykować (zadedykować perf) +dat
* * *['dedikeit]1) (to give up wholly to; to devote to: He dedicated his life to good works.) poświęcać2) (to set apart, especially for a holy or sacred purpose: He decided to dedicate a chapel to his wife's memory.) dedykować3) ((of an author etc) to state that (a book etc) is in honour of someone: He dedicated the book to his father; She dedicated that song to her friend.) dedykować•- dedication -
118 demand
[dɪ'mɑːnd] 1. vt 2. nto demand sth (from/of sb) — żądać (zażądać perf) czegoś (od kogoś)
to be in demand — mieć powodzenie, być rozchwytywanym
* * *1. verb1) (to ask or ask for firmly and sharply: I demanded an explanation.) domagać się2) (to require or need: This demands careful thought.) wymagać2. noun1) (a request made so that it sounds like a command: They refused to meet the workers' demands for more money.) żądanie2) (an urgent claim: The children make demands on my time.) pretensja3) (willingness or desire to buy or obtain (certain goods etc); a need for (certain goods etc): There's no demand for books of this kind.) popyt•- on demand -
119 drag
[dræg] 1. vtPhrasal Verbs:- drag on2. vitime, event wlec się3. n ( inf)* * *[dræɡ] 1. past tense, past participle - dragged; verb1) (to pull, especially by force or roughly: She was dragged screaming from her car.) wlec, ciągnąć2) (to pull (something) slowly (usually because heavy): He dragged the heavy table across the floor.) ciągnąć3) (to (cause to) move along the ground: His coat was so long it dragged on the ground at the back.) wlec się4) (to search (the bed of a lake etc) by using a net or hook: Police are dragging the canal to try to find the body.) gruntować, bagrować5) (to be slow-moving and boring: The evening dragged a bit.) ciągnąć się2. noun1) (something which slows something down: He felt that his lack of education was a drag on his progress.) hamulec2) (an act of drawing in smoke from a cigarette etc: He took a long drag at his cigarette.) zaciągnięcie się3) (something or someone that is dull and boring: Washing-up is a drag.) nuda, coś nudnego4) (a slang word for women's clothes when worn by men.) przebranie kobiece -
120 fashion
['fæʃən] 1. n(trend, clothes) moda f; ( manner) sposób m2. vt( out of clay etc) modelować (wymodelować perf)to go out of fashion — wychodzić (wyjść perf) z mody
* * *['fæʃən]1) (the style and design of clothes: Are you interested in fashion?; ( also adjective) a fashion magazine.) moda2) (the way of behaving, dressing etc which is popular at a certain time: Fashions in music and art are always changing.) styl3) (a way of doing something: She spoke in a very strange fashion.) sposób•- fashionably
- after a fashion
- all the fashion
- in fashion
- out of fashion
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