til+gengæld+for

1) пе́ред

2) на, тому́ наза́д

3) для, ра́ди, за

4) последовательность

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I. (et)

( indvendigt betræk) lining;

[ få op i foret]

T (fig, om penge) get in one's pocket.

II. præt af fare.

III. præp

a) ( foran, i nærværelse af) before ( fx we have all the day before us; before my eyes; be brought before a judge); at ( fx at my feet);

[ sove for åbne vinduer] sleep with the windows open;

b) ( om interesseforhold) for, to ( fx good, pleasant, bad, easy, difficult for; a pleasure, a disappointment for; bow, read, lie ( lyve), kneel to; fatal, important, new, strange, useful to; open (, closed) to the public; a danger, a loss, a surprise, a hindrance to),

(efter adj + enough, efter too + adj og efter adj + inf) for ( fx

it is not important enough for him; it is too difficult for me; it is easy (, difficult, impossible) for him to do it);

[ planten er gået ud for mig] the plant has died in spite of my efforts;

T the plant has died on me;

c) ( til bedste for, bestemt for; for at opnå; på grund af) for ( fx

fight for one's country (, for one's rights); speak for him; I will do it for you; thankful for; known for, famous for; I cannot see for the fog; just for fun);

[ jeg må ikke for fader] father will not let me;

d) ( til forsvar mod) from ( fx hide from; søge ly for take shelter from); to ( fx lukke sin dør for close one's door to);

[ god for tandpine] good for toothache;

e) ( med hensyn til) to ( fx blind (, deaf) to); from ( fx free from); f) ( beregnet for) for ( fx a composition for a solo instrument);

[ leje et hus for sommeren] take a house for the summer;

g) ( i stedet for, til gengæld for) for ( fx he answered for me; he took me for my brother; be rewarded for something; pay 85p for a book; sell one's house for £10,000);

[( i brevunderskrift) for G. Jones, M. Brown] p.p. G. Jones, M. Brown;

[ hvad tager De for det?] how much do you charge for it?

[ varer for 5 mio pund] £5 mill. worth of goods;

h) ( om fastsat pris) at ( fx these are sold at 25p a piece; at half price),

( om beløb), se ovf: g;

[ for en pris af] at the price of;

i) ( hver enkelt for sig) by, for ( fx day by day; word for word); j) ( ved stillingsbetegnelse) of ( fx manager of ( direktør for), president of, headmeaster of); to ( fx adviser to ( konsulent for), secretary to);

k) [ Udtryk]

[ for at]

( med infinitiv) to, in order to ( fx go out to open the door; do it

(in order) to help him);

[ for ikke at] (so as) not to;

[ for at]

( med sætning) in order that, so that;

[ for at ikke] for fear that, so that... not ( fx so that we don't forget),

(litt) lest ( fx lest we forget);

l) [ Udtryk]

[ for... siden] ago ( fx five days ago; long ago);

m) [ Udtryk]

[ andre tilfælde:]

[ bo for sig selv] live by oneself;

[ hvad er dette for noget?] what is this?

[ for hver gang jeg ser ham] every time I see him;

[ for hvert år (, hver dag) der gik] with every year (, day) that passed;

( se i øvrigt de ord, hvormed " for" forbindes).

IV. adv

( foran) in front, before;

(mar mods agter) forward;

( alt for) too ( fx too big, too much, it is too far to walk);

[ der er ikke andet for end at] there is nothing for it but to;

[ fra for til agter]

(mar) from stem to stern;

[ for og imod] for and against, pro and con;

[ diskutere for og imod] discuss for and against, discuss the pros and cons;

[ der kan siges meget både for og imod] there is a lot to be said on both sides;

[ veje for og imod] weigh the pros and cons;

( forbindelser med verber, se disse, fx give, have, ligge).

V. conj

( thi) because,

F for ( fx he ran, for he was afraid).

sg - géngælden

1) вознагражде́ние с

2) месть ж, возме́здие с

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(en) return ( for for);

( for noget ondt) retribution ( for for);

[ gøre gengæld] reciprocate,

( få hævn) T get one's own back, give tit for tat,

F retaliate;

[ gøre gengæld for], se gengælde;

[ til gengæld] in return ( for for),

(hævn F) in retaliation ( for for);

( derimod) on the other hand;

( på sin side) in turn ( fx he accused them of lying and was in turn accused of being disloyal).

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I. præp

a) ( om støtte, baggrund, modstand) against ( fx lean against the wall; seen against the dark background; fight against enemies; walk against the wind);

[ være imod noget] be against something ( fx the proposal), be opposed to something;

b) ( om tid og retning: hen imod) towards, to ( fx towards evening; on his way to(wards) my house);

c) (fig: over for) to, towards ( fx his duty to his parents; be good (, kind) to somebody; what has he done to you?); with ( fx be strict (, gentle) with him);

d) ( sammenlignet med) compared with (el. to) ( fx that is nothing compared to what I saw), to ( fx the chances are ten to one);

e) ( til gengæld for) in return for ( fx he taught her daughter in return for board and lodging), for ( fx for cash);

[ imod at betale] on condition of paying, for a payment of;

[ imod at han lovede at] on his promise to;

f) ( i modstrid med) against, contrary to ( fx the rules, his wishes; contrary to expectation; act contrary to his orders);

g) ( forbindelser med verber, se disse, fx gå, have).

II. adv against;

[ for og imod] se IV. for;

[ vinden er imod] the wind is against us;

[ det er ham imod] he dislikes it, it is distasteful to him.

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(geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.

1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);

2) to go;

ganga heim, to go home;

ganga braut, to go away;

ganga til hvílu, to go to bed;

ganga á skip, to go on board;

ganga af skipi, to go ashore;

with infin., ganga sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;

ganga at eiga konu, to marry a woman;

3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);

4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);

5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);

6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ganga af hesti mínum);

7) to prevail;

gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;

8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ganga);

of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);

of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);

9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);

impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;

10) láta ganga e-t, to let go on;

láta höggin ganga, to rain blows;

Birkibeinar létu ganga lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously;

11) to succeed;

ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do;

impers., svá þykt, at þeim gekk þar eigi at fara, so close, that they could not go on there;

þeim gekk ekki fyrir nesit, they could not clear the ness;

12) to turn out, go in a specified way;

ganga andæris, to go all wrong;

mart gengr verr en varir, many a thing goes worse than is looked for;

gekk þeim lítt atsókinn, they made little progress with the attack;

impers., e-m gengr vel (illa), one fares (goes on, gets on) well (badly);

13) with acc., ganga e-n á bak, to force one to go backwards (harm gengr bjöninn á bak);

14) with dat., to discharge (gekk bann þá blóði);

15) with preps. and adverbs:

ganga af e-u, to depart from, leave (þá gekk af honum móðrinn);

ganga af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits;

ganga af trú sinni, to apostatize;

to pass (síðan gengu af páskarnir);

to go off (gekk þegar af höfuðit);

to be left as surplus (þat er af skuldinni gekk);

nú gengr honum hey af, now he has some hay left;

ganga af sér, to go to extremities, to go beyond oneself (mjök ganga þeir fóstbrœðr nú af sé);

ganga aptr, to revert (return) to the former proprietor (síðan gengu þau lönd aptr undir Árna);

to be void, annulled (þá skal kaup aptr ganga);

of a ghost, to walk again; of a door, to close, shut (gekk eigi aptr hurðin);

ganga at e-m, to attack one;

ganga at e-u, to agree to, accept a choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljótt at þessu öllu); to fit (skaltu fá mér lukla þá, sem ganga at kistum yðrum);

ganga á e-t, to encroach upon (ganga á ríki e-s); to break (ganga á orð sín, eiða, grið, sættir, trygðir); to pierce, penetrate;

hann var í panzara, er ekki gekk á, that was proof against any weapons;

ganga á vald e-s or e-m, ganga á hönd (hendr) e-m, to submit to, give oneself up to, surrender to one;

ganga á bak e-u, to contravene;

ganga eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (göngum heim eptir verðinu); to pursue, claim;

ganga eptir, to prove true, be fulfilled (þetta gekk allt eptir, sem M. sagði fyrir);

ganga frá e-u, to part with, lose (sumir munu ganga frá öllu fénu);

ganga fram, to step forward;

ganga fram vel, to go forward bravely, in a battle;

to come to pass, come into execution (skal þess bíða, er þetta gengr fram);

to increase (fé Hall gerðar gekk fram ok gørðist allmikit);

to depart this life (H. bóndi gengr fram til frænda sinna);

ganga fyrir e-n, to present oneself before one (ganga fyrir konung);

ganga fyrir e-u, to take charge of, manage (var þar mart fólk, en húsbóndi gekk svá fyrir, at ekkert skorti); to yield to, be swayed by (hann gekk þá fyrir fortölum hennar);

ganga í gegn e-m, to set oneself against one;

ganga í gegn e-u, to confess, acknowledge;

maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðst tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away;

ganga í mál, to undertake a case;

ganga með e-m (of a woman), to marry;

ganga með barni, to be with child;

ganga með burði (of animals), to be with young;

ganga með e-u, to assist in, plead (ganga með máli, bónorði);

ganga milli (á m., í m.), to go between, intercede;

ganga móti (á m., í m.) e-m, to go to meet one;

ganga móti e-u, to resist, oppose;

to confess, = ganga í gegn, ganga við e-u;

ganga nær e-m, to be troublesome to one (þótti hón œrit nær ganga Þórgerði);

ganga e-m nær, to approach, come near to one (sá hefir á brott komizt, er næst gekk Gunnari um alla hluti);

ganga saman, to marry;

of an agreement, bargain, to be brought about;

saman gekk kaupit með þeim, they came to a bargain;

ganga sundr (í s.), to go asunder, part;

ganga til, to go up to a thing (gangit til ok hyggit at); of the wind, to veer (veðrit gekk til útsuðrs);

e-m gengr e-t til e-s, one has some reason for doing a thing;

en þat gekk mér til þess (that was my reason), at ek ann þér eigi;

hversu hefir ykkr til gengit, how have you fared?

Loka gekk lítt til, it fared ill with L.;

ganga um e-t, to go about a thing;

ganga um beina, to wait upon guests;

ganga um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker;

ganga um e-n, to befall, happen to one (þess, er um margan gengr guma); of the wind, to go round, veer (gekk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim); to manage (fékk hón svá um gengit, at);

ganga undan, to escape to absent oneself;

g. undir e-t, to take upon oneself, undertake (a duty);

ganga undir e-n, to subject oneself to;

ganga upp, to be wasted (of money);

to get loose, to he torn loose (þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir á húsinu);

of a storm, gale, to get up, rise (veðr gekk upp);

of an ice-bound river, áin var gengin upp, swollen with ice;

ganga við staf, to walk with a stick;

ganga við e-u or e-t, to avow;

ganga yfir e-t, to go beyond, disregard (hann vildi eigi ganga yfir þat, er hann vissi réttast);

ganga yfir e-n, to overcome, to befall, happen to one;

slíkt sem yfir hefir gengit, all that has happened;

eitt skal yfir okkr ganga, we shall share one fate;

16) refl., gangast.

1) walking (hann mœddist í göngu);

vera í göngu, to be on foot, to walk;

2) course (ganga tungls, vinds).

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pret. gekk or gékk, 2nd pers. gékkt, mod. gékst; pl. gengu, geingu, or géngu, and an old poët. gingu; gengengu in Vsp. 12 is a mere misspelling (vide Sæm. Möb. 258); pres. geng, pl. göngum; pret. subj. gengi (geingi); imperat. gakk and gakktú; with the neg. suffix geng-at, gengr-at, gékk-at, gakk-attu, passim; a middle form göngumk firr, go from me, Gm. 1: a contracted form gá occurs now and then in mod. hymns; it is not vernacular but borrowed from Germ. and Dan.: [cp. Ulf. gaggan; A. S. and Hel. gangan; Scot. and North. E. gang, mod. Engl. go; Dan.-Swed. gange or gå; Germ. gehen; Ivar Aasen ganga: Icel., Scots, and Norsemen have preserved the old ng, which in Germ. and Swed.-Dan. only remains in poetry or in a special sense, e. g. in Germ. compds.]

A. To go:

I. to walk; reið jarl en Karkr gékk, Fms. i. 210, Rm. 1, 2, 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, Edda 10, Grág. ii. 95, passim; ganga leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, Fms. x. 290, Krók. 26: adding acc., g. alla leið, Fms. xi. 202, 299; g. berg, to climb a cliff; g. afréttar, to search the fell-pastures (fjallganga), Háv. 39; also g. ( to climb) í fjall, í kletta, Fms. x. 313: Icel. also say, ganga skó og sokka, to wear out shoes and socks; hann gékk tvenna skó; ganga berserks gang, q. v.

β. absol. to go a-begging, Grág. i. 226, 232, Ísl. ii. 25; ganga vergang, húsgang, id. (göngumaðr).

II. adding adverbs, infinitives, adjectives, or the like,

α. an adverb denoting direction; g. út ok inn, Vkv. 4, Lv. 26; g. inn, Fms. i. 16, vi. 33; g. út, to go out, Lat. exire, Nj. 194; g. aptr, to return, Fms. x. 352; g. fram, to step forward, Hm. 1, Eg. 165; g. upp, to go up, ashore; g. ofan, niðr, to go down; g. heiman, 199; g. heim, to go home; gakk hingat, come hither! 488; g. móti, í gegn e-m, to go against, to meet one; g. braut, to go away; g. til e-s, or at e-m, to go to one; g. frá e-m, to leave one; g. með e-m, to go with one; g. hjá, to pass by; g. saman, to go together; g. yfir, to go over; g. gegnum, to go through; g. undir, to go under; g. undan, fyrir, to go before; g. eptir, to go behind; g. um, to rove, stroll about, and so on passim; g. í sæti, to go to one’s seat, take a seat, Eg. 551; g. til hvílu, to go to bed, Nj. 201; g. til matar, to go to dinner, Sturl. iii. 111, Eg. 483; g. til vinnu, verks, to go to one’s work, cp. Hm. 58; g. í kirkju, to go to church, Rb. 82; g. á fjall, to go on the fells, Hrafn. 34; g. á skip, to go on board, Fms. x. 10; g. af skipi, to go ashore.

β. with infin., in old poems often dropping ‘at;’ ganga sofa, to go to sleep, Fm. 27; g. at sofa, Hm. 19; g. vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 56, Ls. 15; g. at eiga konu, to go to be married, Grág. i. 318.

γ. with an adj.; g. hræddr, to be afraid; g. úviss, to be in ignorance, etc., Fms. vii. 271, Sks. 250, 688.

2. in a more special sense; g. til einvígis, bardaga, to go to a duel, battle, Nj. 64; g. á hólm (hólmganga), Eg. 504, 506; g. á eintal, Nj. 103; g. til máls við e-n, to speak to one, Eg. 199, 764; g. í glímu, to go a-wrestling, Ísl. ii. 246; g. á fang, id., Ld. 206; g. í danz, to go a-dancing; g. til skripta, to go to shrift, Hom. 157; g. at brúðkaupi, to go to be married, Fms. vii. 278; g. í skóla, klaustr, to go to school, go into a cloister (as an inmate), (hence skóla-genginn, a school-man, scholar), Bs. passim; g. í þjónustu, to take service, Nj. 268; g. í lið með e-m, to enter one’s party, side with one, 100; g. í lög, to enter a league with one; g. ór lögum, to go out of a league, passim; g. í félag, ór félagi, id.; g. á mala, to take service as a soldier, 121; g. á hönd, g. til handa, to submit to one as a liegeman, surrender, Eg. 19, 33, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 180; g. á vald e-m, to give oneself up, Nj. 267; g. á hendr e-m, to encroach upon, Ver. 56; g. í skuld, to bail, Grág. i. 232, Dipl. ii. 12; g. í trúnað, to warrant, Fms. xi. 356; g. til trygða, Nj. 166, and g. til griða, to accept truce, surrender, Fas. ii. 556; g. í mál, to enter, undertake a case, Nj. 31; g. í ánauð, to go into bondage, Eg. 8; g. til lands, jarðar, ríkis, arfs, to take possession of …, 118, Stj. 380, Grág., Fms. passim; g. til fréttar, to go to an oracle, take auspices, 625. 89; g. til Heljar, a phrase for to die, Fms. x. 414; g. nær, to go nigh, go close to, press hard on, Ld. 146, 322, Fms. xi. 240 (where reflex.); var sá viðr bæði mikill og góðr því at Þorkell gékk nær, Th. kept a close eye on it, Ld. 316.

B. Joined with prepp. and adverbs in a metaph. sense:—g. af, to depart from, go off; þá gékk af honum móðrinn ok sefaðisk hann, Edda 28; þá er af honum gékk hamremin, Eg. 125, Eb. 136, Stj. 118; g. af sér, to go out of or beyond oneself; mjök g. þeir svari-bræðr nú af sér, Fbr. 32; í móti Búa er hann gengr af sér ( rages) sem mest, Fb. i. 193; þá gékk mest af sér ranglæti manna um álnir, Bs. i. 135: so in the mod. phrases, g. fram af sér, to overstrain oneself; and g. af sér, to fall off, decay: to forsake, g. af trú, to apostatize, Fms. ii. 213; g. af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits, go mad, Post. 656 C. 31; g. af Guðs boðorðum, Stj. passim: to pass. Páskar g. af, Ld. 200: to be left as surplus (afgangr), Rb. 122, Grág. i. 411, K. Þ. K. 92:—g. aptr, to walk again, of a ghost (aptrganga), Ld. 58, Eb. 278, Fs. 131, 141, passim; and absol., g. um híbýli, to hunt, Landn. 107: to go back, be void, of a bargain, Gþl. 491:—g. at e-m, to go at, attack, Nj. 80, 160: to press on, Grág. i. 51, Dipl. ii. 19 (atgangr): g. at e-u, to accept a choice, Nj. 256; g. at máli, to assist, help, 207: to fit, of a key, lykla þá sem g. at kístum yðrum, Finnb. 234, Fbr. 46 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 383: medic. to ail, e-ð gengr at e-m; ok gengr at barni, and if the bairn ails, 340, freq. in mod. usage of ailment, grief, etc.:—g. á e-t, to go against, encroach upon; ganga á ríki e-s, Fms. i. 2; g. upp á, to tread upon, vii. 166; hverr maðr er ólofat gengr á mál þeirra, who trespasses against their measure, Grág. i. 3: to break, g. á orð, eiða, sættir, trygðir, grið, Finnb. 311, Fms. i. 189, Ld. 234; g. á bak e-u, to contravene, Ísl. ii. 382; ganga á, to go on with a thing, Grág. ii. 363; hence the mod. phrase, mikið gengr á, much going on; hvað gengr á, what is going on? það er farið að g. á það (of a task or work or of stores), it is far advanced, not much left:—g. eptir, to go after, pursue, claim (eptirgangr), Nj. 154, Þórð. 67, Fms. vii. 5; g. eptir e-m, to humour one who is cross, in the phrase, g. eptir e-m með grasið í skónum; vertu ekki að g. eptir stráknum; hann vill láta g. eptir ser (of a spoilt boy, cross fellow): to prove true, follow, hón mælti mart, en þó gékk þat sumt eptir, Nj. 194; eptir gékk þat er mér bauð hugr um, Eg. 21, Fms. x. 211:—g. fram, to go on well in a battle, Nj. 102, 235, Háv. 57 (framgangr): to speed, Nj. 150, Fms. xi. 427: to grow, increase (of stock), fé Hallgerðar gékk fram ok varð allmikit, Nj. 22; en er fram gékk mjök kvikfé Skallagríms, Eg. 136, Vígl. 38: to come to pass, skal þess bíða er þetta gengr fram, Nj. 102, Fms. xi. 22: to die, x. 422:—g. frá, to leave (a work) so and so; g. vel frá, to make good work; g. ílla frá, to make bad work; það er ílla frá því gengið, it is badly done:—g. fyrir, to go before, to yield to, to be swayed by a thing; heldr nú við hót, en ekki geng ek fyrir slíku, Fms. i. 305; þó at vér gangim heldr fyrir blíðu en stríðu, ii. 34, Fb. i. 378, Hom. 68; hvárki gékk hann fyrir blíðyrðum né ógnarmálum, Fms. x. 292; hann gékk þá fyrir fortülum hennar, Bs. i. 742: in mod. usage reflex., gangast fyrir íllu, góðu: to give away, tók hann þá at ganga fyrir, Fb. i. 530: Icel. now say, reflex., gangast fyrir, to fall off, from age or the like (vide fyrirgengiligr): to prevent, skal honum þá eigi fyrnska fyrir g., N. G. L. i. 249; þá er hann sekr þrem mörkum nema nauðsyn gangi fyrir, 14; at þeim gangi lögleg forföll fyrir, Gþl. 12:—g. í gegn, to go against, to meet, in mod. usage to deny, and so it seems to be in Gþl. 156; otherwise in old writers it always means the reverse, viz. to avow, confess; maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðsk tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away, Ísl. ii. 331; ef maðr gengr í gegn legorðinu, Grág. i. 340; sá goði er í gegn gékk ( who acknowledged) þingfesti hans, 20; hann iðraðisk úráðs síns, ok gékk í gegn at hann hefði saklausan selt herra sinn, Sks. 584,—this agrees with the parallel phrase, g. við e-t, mod. g. við e-u, to confess, both in old and mod. usage, id.:—g. hjá, to pass by, to waive a thing, Fms. vi. 168:—g. með, to go with one, to wed, marry (only used of a woman, like Lat. nubere), þú hefir þvert tekit at g. með mér, Ld. 262, Sd. 170, Grág. i. 178, Þiðr. 209, Gkv. 2. 27, Fms. xi. 5: medic., g. með barni, to go with child, i. 57; with acc. (barn), Bs. i. 790, and so in mod. usage; a mother says, sama sumarið sem eg gékk með hann (hana) N. N., (meðgöngutími); but dat. in the phrase, vera með barni, to be with child; g. með burði, of animals, Sks. 50, Stj. 70; g. með máli, to assist, plead, Eg. 523, Fms. xi. 105, Eb. 210; g. með e-u, to confess [Dan. medgaae], Stj., but rare and not vernacular:—g. milli, to go between, intercede, esp. as a peacemaker, passim (milli-ganga, meðal-ganga):—g. í móti, to resist, Nj. 90, 159, 171: of the tide, en þar gékk í móti útfalls-straumr, Eg. 600:—g. saman, to go together, marry, Grág. i. 324, Fms. xi. 77: of a bargain, agreement, við þetta gékk saman sættin, Nj. 250; saman gékk kaupit með þeim, 259:—g. sundr, to go asunder, part, and of a bargain, to be broken off, passim:—g. til, to step out, come along; gangit til, ok blótið, 623. 59; gangit til, ok hyggit at, landsmenn, Fms. iv. 282: to offer oneself, to volunteer, Bs. i. 23, 24: the phrase, e-m gengr e-ð til e-s, to purpose, intend; en þat gékk mér til þess ( that was my reason) at ek ann þér eigi, etc., Ísl. ii. 269; sagði, at honum gékk ekki ótrúnaðr til þessa, Fms. x. 39; gékk Flosa þat til, at …, Nj. 178; gengr mér meirr þat til, at ek vilda firra vini mína vandræðum, Fms. ii. 171; mælgi gengr mér til, ‘tis that I have spoken too freely, Orkn. 469, Fms. vi. 373, vii. 258: to fare, hversu hefir ykkr til gengið, how have you fared? Grett. 48 new Ed.; Loka gékk lítt til, it fared ill with L., Fb. i. 276: mod., þat gékk svá til, it so happened, but not freq., as bera við is better, (tilgangr, intention):—g. um e-t, to go about a thing; g. um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker, Fms. v. 156; g. um beina, to attend guests, Nj. 50, passim: to manage, fékk hón svá um gengit, Grett. 197 new Ed.; hversu þér genguð um mitt góðs, 206: to spread over, in the phrase, má þat er um margan gengr; þess er um margan gengr guma, Hm. 93: to veer, go round, of the wind, gékk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim, the wind went round and a gale met them, Bs. i. 775:—g. undan, to go before, escape, Ver. 15, Fms. vii. 217, Blas. 49: to be lost, wasted, jafnmikit sem undan gékk af hans vanrækt, Gþl. 338: to absent oneself, eggjuðusk ok báðu engan undan g., Fms. x. 238:—g. undir, to undertake a duty, freq.: to set, of the sun, Rb. 468, Vígl. (in a verse): to go into one’s possession, power, Fms. vii. 207;—g. upp, to be wasted, of money, Fær. 39, Fms. ix. 354: of stones or earth-bound things, to get loose, be torn loose, þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir í húsinu, Landn. 185; flest gékk upp þat sem fyrir þeim varð, Háv. 40, Finnb. 248; ok gékk ór garðinum upp ( was rent loose) garðtorfa frosin, Eb. 190: to rise, yield, when summoned, Sturl. iii. 236: of a storm, gale, to get up, rise, veðr gékk upp at eins, Grett. 94, Bárð. 169; gengr upp stormr hinn sami, Bs. ii. 50: of an ice-bound river, to swell, áin var ákafliga mikil, vóru höfuðísar at báðum-megin, en gengin upp ( swoln with ice) eptir miðju, Ld. 46, Fbr. 20 new Ed., Bjarn. 52; vötnin upp gengin, Fbr. 114; áin var gengin upp ok íll yfirferðar, Grett. 134:—g. við, in the phrase, g. við staf, to go with a staff, rest on it: with dat., g. við e-u, to avow (vide ganga í gegn above):—g. yfir, to spread, prevail, áðr Kristnin gengi yfir, Fms. x. 273; hétu á heiðin goð til þess at þau léti eigi Kristnina g. yfir landit, Bs. i. 23: the phrase, láta eitt g. yfir báða, to let one fate go over both, to stand by one another for weal and woe; hefi ek því heitið honum at eitt skyldi g. yfir okkr bæði, Nj. 193, 201, 204, Gullþ. 8: so in the saying, má þat er yfir margan gengr, a common evil is easier to bear, Fbr. 45 new Ed. (vide um above); muntu nú verða at segja slíkt sem yfir hefir gengið, all that has happened, Fms. xi. 240; þess gengr ekki yfir þá at þeir vili þeim lengr þjóna, they will no longer serve them, come what may, Orkn. 84: to overrun, tyrannize over, þeir vóru ójafnaðar menn ok ganga þar yfir alla menn, Fms. x. 198 (yfirgangr): to transgress, Hom. 109: to overcome, þótti öllum mönnum sem hann mundi yfir allt g., Fms. vii. 326: a naut. term, to dash over, as spray, áfall svá mikit at yfir gékk þegar skipit, Bs. i. 422; hence the metaph. phrase, g. yfir e-n, to be astonished; það gengr yfir mig, it goes above me, I am astonished.

C. Used singly, of various things:

1. of cattle, horses, to graze (haga-gangr); segja menn at svín hans gengi á Svínanesi, en sauðir á Hjarðarnesi, Landn. 124, Eg. 711; kálfrinn óx skjótt ok gékk í túni um sumarit, Eb. 320; Freyfaxi gengr í dalnum fram, Hrafn. 6; þar var vanr at g. hafr um túnit, Nj. 62; þar var til grass (görs) at g., Ld. 96, Grág. passim; gangandi gripr, cattle, beasts, Bjarn. 22; ganganda fé, id., Sturl. i. 83, Band. 2, Ísl. ii. 401.

2. of shoals of fish, to go up, in a river or the like (fiski-ganga, -gengd); vötn er netnæmir fiskar g. í, Grág. i. 149; til landauðnar horfði í Ísafirði áðr fiskr gékk upp á Kvíarmiði, Sturl. ii. 177; fiskr er genginn inn ór álum, Bb. 3. 52.

3. of the sun, stars, vide B. above, (sólar-gangr hæstr, lengstr, and lægstr skemstr = the longest and shortest day); áðr sól gangi af Þingvelli, Grág. i. 24; því at þar gékk eigi sól af um skamdegi, Landn. 140, Rb. passim:—of a thunder-storm, þar gékk reiði-duna með eldingu, Fb. iii. 174:—of the tide, stream, water, vide B. above, eða gangi at vötn eða skriður, K. Þ. K. 78.

4. of a ship, gékk þá skipit mikit, Eg. 390, Fms. vi. 249; létu svá g. suðr fyrir landit, Eg. 78; lét svá g. suðr allt þar til er hann sigldi í Englands-haf, Ó. H. 149; réru nótt ok dag sem g. mátti, Eg. 88; gékk skipit brátt út á haf, Ó. H. 136.

β. to pass; kvað engi skip skyldi g. (go, pass) til Íslands þat sumar, Ld. 18.

II. metaph. to run out, stretch out, project, of a landscape or the like; gengr haf fyrir vestan ok þar af firðir stórir, Eg. 57; g. höf stór ór útsjánum inn í jörðina; haf (the Mediterranean) gengr af Njörva-sundum (the Straits of Gibraltar), Hkr. i. 5; nes mikit gékk í sæ út, Eg. 129, Nj. 261; í gegnum Danmörk gengr sjór (the Baltic) í Austrveg, A. A. 288; fyrir austan hafs-botn þann (Bothnia) er gengr til móts við Gandvík (the White Sea), Orkn. begin.: frá Bjarmalandi g. lönd til úbygða, A. A. 289; Europa gengr allt til endimarka Hispaniae, Stj. 83; öllum megin gengr at henni haf ok kringir um hana, 85; þessi þinghá gékk upp ( extended) um Skriðudal, Hrafn. 24: of houses, af fjósi gékk forskáli, Dropl. 28.

2. to spread, branch out; en af því tungurnar eru ólíkar hvár annarri, þær þegar, er ór einni ok hinni sömu hafa gengit eða greinzt, þá þarf ólíka stafi í at hafa, Skálda (Thorodd) 160: of a narrative, gengr þessi saga mest af Sverri konungi, this story goes forth from him, i. e. relates to, tells of him, Fb. ii. 533; litlar sögur megu g. af hesti mínum, Nj. 90; um fram alla menn Norræna þá er sögur g. frá, Fms. i. 81.

III. to take the lead, prevail; gékk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter (i. e. after the Conquest) the Welsh tongue prevailed in England, Ísl. ii. 221; ok þar allt sem Dönsk tunga gengi, Fms. xi. 19; meðan Dönsk tunga gengr, x. 179:—of money, to be current, hundrað aura þá er þá gengu í gjöld, Dropl. 16; eigi skulu álnar g. aðrar en þessar, Grág. i. 498; í þenna tíð gékk hér silfr í allar stórskuldir, 500, Fms. viii. 270; eptir því sem gengr ( the course) flestra manna í millum, Gþl. 352:—of laws, to be valid, ok var nær sem sín lög gengi í hverju fylki, Fms. iv. 18; Óðinn setti lög í landi sínu þau er gengit höfðu fyrr með Ásum, Hkr. i. 13; þeirra laga er gengu á Uppsala-þingi, Ó. H. 86; hér hefir Kristindóms-bálk þann er g. skal, N. G. L. i. 339; sá siðr er þá gékk, Fb. i. 71, (vide ganga yfir):—of sickness, plague, famine, to rage, þá gékk landfarsótt, bóla, drepsótt, hallæri, freq.; also impers., gékk því hallæri um allt Ísland, Bs. i. 184; mikit hallæri ok hart gékk yfir fólkið, 486, v. l.; gékk sóttin um haustið fyrir sunnan land; þá gékk mest plágan fyrri, Ann. 1402, 1403.

IV. to go on, last, in a bad sense, of an evil; tókst síðan bardagi, ok er hann hafði gengit um hríð, Fs. 48: impers., hefir þessu gengit ( it has gone on) marga manns-aldra, Fms. i. 282; gékk því lengi, so it went on a long while, Grett. 79 new Ed.; gékk þessu enn til dags, Nj. 272; ok gékk því um hríð, 201; ok gékk því allan þann dag, Fms. vii. 147; lát því g. í allt sumar, xi. 57; gengr þessu þar til er …, Fb. i. 258.

V. denoting violence; létu g. bæði grjót ok vápn, Eg. 261; létu þá hvárir-tveggju g. allt þat er til vápna höfðu, Fms. ix. 44; láta höggin g., to let it rain blows, Úlf. 12. 40; háðung, spottyrði, hróp ok brigzl hver lét með öðrum g. á víxl, Pass. 14. 3, (vápna-gangr); Birkibeinar róa þá eptir, ok létu g. lúðrana, and sounded violently the alarum, Fms. ix. 50, (lúðra-gangr); láta dæluna g., to pour out bad language, vide dæla.

VI. to be able to go on, to go, partly impers.; ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do, Fms. vi. 284; svá þykt at þeim gékk þar ekki at fara, they stood so close that they could not proceed there, Nj. 247; þá nam þar við, gékk þá eigi lengra, there was a stop; then it could go no farther, Fms. xi. 278; leiddu þeir skipit upp eptir ánni, svá sem gékk, as far as the ship could go, as far as the river was navigable, Eg. 127: esp. as a naut. term, impers., e. g. þeim gékk ekki fyrir nesið, they could not clear the ness; þá gengr eigi lengra, ok fella þeir þá seglið, Bs. i. 423; at vestr gengi um Langanes, 485, v. l.

VII. with adverbs; g. létt, fljótt, to go smoothly; g. þungt, seint, to go slowly; oss munu öll vápna-viðskipti þungt g. við þá, Nj. 201; þungt g. oss nú málaferlin, 181; gékk þeim lítt atsóknin, Stj. 385; at þeim feðgum hefði þá allir hlutir léttast gengit, Bs. i. 274; seint gengr, Þórir, greizlan, Ó. H. 149; g. betr, verr, to get the better, the worse; gékk Ribbungum betr í fyrstu, Fms. ix. 313; gengu ekki mjök kaupin, the bargain did not go well, Nj. 157, cp. ganga til (B. above):—to turn out, hversu g. mundi orrostan, 273; gékk þá allt eptir því sem Hallr hafði sagt, 256; ef kviðir g. í hag sækjanda, if the verdict goes for the plaintiff, Grág. i. 87; þótti þetta mál hafa gengit at óskum, Dropl. 14; mart gengr verr en varir, a saying, Hm. 39; þykir honum nú at sýnu g. ( it seems to him evident) at hann hafi rétt hugsað, Fms. xi. 437; g. andæris, to go all wrong, Am. 14; g. misgöngum, to go amiss, Grág. i. 435; g. e-m í tauma, to turn false ( crooked); þat mun mér lítt í tauma g. er Rútr segir, Nj. 20; g. ofgangi, to go too high, Fms. vii. 269.

VIII. of a blow or the like; hafði gengit upp á miðjan fetann, the axe went in up to the middle of the blade, Nj. 209; gékk þegar á hol, 60; gékk í gegnum skjöldinn, 245, Fb. i. 530.

IX. of law; láta próf g., to make an enquiry; láta vátta g., to take evidence, D. N.

X. to be gone, be lost; gékk hér með holdit niðr at beini, the flesh was torn off, Fb. i. 530: esp. in pass. part. genginn, dead, gone, eptir genginn guma, Hm. 71; moldar-genginn, buried, Sl. 60; hel-genginn, 68; afli genginn, gone from strength, i. e. powerless, Skv. 3. 13.

β. gone, past; gengið er nú það görðist fyr, a ditty; mér er gengið heimsins hjól, gone for me is the world’s wheel ( luck), a ditty.

XI. used as transit. with acc.; hann gengr björninn á bak aptr, he broke the bear’s back in grappling with him, Finnb. 248; ok gengr hana á bak, ok brýtr í sundr í henni hrygginn, Fb. i. 530.

2. medic. with dat. to discharge; ganga blóði, to discharge blood (Dan. blodgang), Bs. i. 337, 383; Arius varð bráðdauðr ok gékk ór sér öllum iðrum, Ver. 47.

D. REFLEX.:

I. singly, gangask, to be altered, to change, be corrupted; gangask í munni, of tradition; var þat löng ævi, ok vant at sögurnar hefði eigi gengisk í munni, Ó. H. pref.; má því eigi þetta mál í munni gengisk hafa, Fb. ii. Sverr. S. pref.; ok mættim vér ráða um nokkut, at málit gengisk, that the case could miscarry, be lost, Glúm. 380:—láta gangask, to let pass. waive; lét Páll þá g. þá hluti er áðr höfðu í millum staðit, Sturl. i. 102; ef þú lætr eigi g. þat er ek kref þik, Fms. xi. 61.

2. e-m gengsk hugr við e-t, to change one’s mind, i. e. to be moved to compassion, yield; sótti hón þá svá at honum gékksk hugr við, Eb. 264; þá gékksk Þorgerði hugr við harma-tölur hans, Ld. 232; ok mun honum g. hugr við þat, svá at hann mun fyrirgefa þér, Gísl. 98; nú sem hann grét, gékksk Ísak hugr við, Stj. 167; er sendimaðr fann at Birni gékksk hugr við féit, Ó. H. 194; við slíkar fortölur hennar gékksk Einari hugr (E. was swayed) til ágirni, Orkn. 24.

II. with prepp. (cp. B. above); gangask at, to ‘go at it,’ engage in a fight; nú gangask þeir at fast, Dropl. 24, Ísl. ii. 267; gengusk menn at sveitum, of wrestlers, they wrestled one with another in sections (Dan. flokkevis), Glúm. 354; þeir gengusk at lengi, Finnb. 248:—gangask fyrir, vide B. above:—gangask í gegn, at móti, to stand against, fight against; at vér látim ok eigi þá ráða er mest vilja í gegn gangask (i. e. the extreme on each side), Íb. 12, cp. Fms. ii. 241; at þeir skipaði til um fylkingar sínar, hverjar sveitir móti skyldi g., i. e. to pair the combatants off, ix. 489; þeir risu upp ok gengusk at móti, Stj. 497. 2 Sam. ii. 15:—g. nær, to come to close quarters (Lat. cominus gerere), Nj. 176, Fms. xi. 240:—gangask á, to dash against one another, to split; á gengusk eiðar, the oaths were broken, Vsp. 30: to be squared off against one another, sú var görð þeirra, at á gengusk vígin húskarlanna, Rd. 288; ekki er annars getið en þeir léti þetta á gangask, i. e. they let it drop, Bjarn. 47; gangask fyrir, to fall off, Fms. iii. 255:—gangask við, to grow, gain strength; áðr en við gengisk hans bæn, before his prayer should be fulfilled, x. 258; ef þat er ætlað at trúa þessi skuli við g., Nj. 162; hétu þeir fast á guðin, at þau skyldi eigi láta við garrgask Kristniboð Ólafs konungs, Fms. ii. 32; þetta gékksk við um öll þau fylki, vii. 300; mikit gékksk Haraldr við (H. grew fast) um vöxt ok afl, Fb. i. 566; Eyvindr hafði mikið við gengizk um menntir, E. had much improved himself in good breeding, Hrafn. 24; vildi hann prófa hvárr þeirra meira hafði við gengisk, which of them had gained most strength, Grett. 107: to be in vogue, in a bad sense, ok löngum við gengisk öfund ok rangindi, Fms. i. 221, cp. Pass. 37. 7:—gangask ór stað, to be removed, Fms. xi. 107.

III. in the phrase, e-m gengsk vel, ílla, it goes well, ill with one, Hom. 168, Am. 53; ílls gengsk þér aldri, nema …, the evil will never leave thee, thou wilt never be happy, unless …, 65.

* * *

vb answer, reply ( fx he did not answer (el. reply); he answered with a nod);

( give svar på tiltale) retort ( fx 'Mind your own business,' he retorted);

(F, og = reagere) respond ( fx he did not respond to my question (, proposals); he responded with a kick (, laugh));

( om gengældelsesforanstaltning) counter ( fx Britain countered by declaring a blockade);

( betale) pay ( fx pay interest on a loan);

[ svare en] answer somebody;

[ svare enhver sit] pay everyone his due;

[ svarer ikke!]

( om telefon) no reply!

[ svare regning, svare sig] pay;

[ med præp, adv:]

[ svare for]

(dvs i stedet for) reply for ( fx he replied for the minister);

( garantere for) answer for, vouch for, guarantee;

[ svare for sig]

(dvs klare sig) hold one's own;

[ svare igen] retort,

( især næsvist) answer back;

( om modforanstaltning) counter ( med with, fx Britain countered with a blockade; he countered with another question);

( gøre gengæld) retaliate ( fx if we do that they may retaliate);

[ svare på] answer ( fx a letter), reply to,

(F, el. = reagere) respond to;

[ svar mig på mit spørgsmål] answer my question;

[ svare til]

( stemme med) correspond to ( fx a county roughly corresponds to a Danish " amt"); answer to ( fx a description),

( passe til) match ( fx shoes to match her dress),

( passe i forhold til) fit ( fx make the punishment fit the crime);

[ hvad svarede han til det?] what did he reply to that?

[ det svarede ikke til vore forventninger] it did not come up to (el. it fell short of) our expectations;

[ svare til hensigten] answer the purpose;

[ og konvolutter der svarer til] and envelopes to match;

[ svare til sit navn] deserve one's name.

(tíð, títt), a.

1) frequent, usual, customary (knattleikar voru þá tíðir);

2) often spoken of, noted, famous (a þeim tíðum var Á. biskup mjök t. ok ágætr); t. alþýðu, popular;

3) dear, beloved; í Gymisgörðum ek sá ganga mér tíða mey, a maid I love; þá sá Ölvir Solveigu ok gerði sér um títt, and courted her; Þ. gerði sér títt við Björn, Th. courted B’s friendship;

4) eager (þeim var títt heim at fara); nú er honum títt til síns matar, he is eager to get his food; hann kvað sér títt um ferðina, he said he was eager to go;

5) neut, sá þá, hvat títt var, what had happened;

6) títt, as adv. frequently, quickly (konungr hjó títt ok hart); sem tíðast, at once, with all speed (þeir reru í brott sem tíðast); aldri tíðara, never more (geng ek aldri tíðara þess erendis).

* * *

tíð, títt, adj. [cp. Dan. tidt = often], frequent, usual, customary; svá, sem títt var at búa um lík göfgra manna, Eg. 94; knattleikar vóru þá tíðir, 187; þau vápn vóru þá tíð, 189; annat var tíðara með Ólafi konungi, Ld. 196; svá sem konungum eða jörlum er títt í öðrum löndum, Orkn. 80; langa kanpa serm þá var títt, Fb. ii. 376.

2. often spoken of, noted, famous; varð Martinus tíðr af því, es hann görði þat es …, Mart. 119; á þeim tíðum var Ambrosius biskup í Meilansborg, harla tíðr ok ágætr, Ver. 50; hvárrtveggi var tíðr alþýðu ( popular), 655 vi. A. 14; ok var orðinn enn tíðasti, most famous, Fms. x. 417.

3. skilled in, versed in; tíð erum bók ok smíðir, Fms. vi. (in a verse).

II. metaph. dear, beloved; í Gymisgörðum ek sá ganga mér tíða mey … mær er mér tiðari en, dearer than, Skm. 6, 7; þá sá Ölvir hnúfa Sólveigu, ok görði sér um títt, and courted her, Eg. 5; er honum títt um ferð sína, he has no time to lose, is eager to return, 54.

2. eager; þeim var títt heim at fara, Ó. H. 165; kann ek skaplyndi alþýðunnar, at til þess væri öllum títt at komask undan þrælkan útlendra höfðingja, 32; hann býsk heiman, ok er títt at reyna þessa vitru hennar ok tilskipan, Fms. xi. 4; ok er honum títt til at þessi ráða-hagr tækisk, 106; nú er honum títt til síns matar, Þiðr. 168; hann vissi hve títt vera mátti hans kvámu, how eagerly his coming was looked for, Bs. i. 392; til einskis var honum svá títt, hvárki til svefns né matar, at eigi …, 643; Þórólfr görði sér títt við Björn, Th. courted B.’s friendship, Eg.

III. neut., ok sá þá hvat títt var, what had happened, Eg. 216; höfðu njósn af hvat títt var um hans mál, Ó. H. 120.

2. adverbially = sem tíðast, at once, with all speed; þeir réru í brott sem tíðast, Fms. iv. 169; kuflmaðr réri yfir ána sem tíðast, v. 182; æ sem tíðast, Karl. 240; geng ek aldri tíðara (Dan. tiere = after) never more, þess eyrendis, Clar.; en er þeir ræddu þetta tíðast, Fms. vii. 214; gangi menn eptir þeim sem tíðast, Eg. 206; át hvárrtveggi sem tíðast, Edda 31; fara þeir þegar í Hereyjar sem tíðast, Fms. xi. 124; fóru þeir í brott sem tiðast, Hkr. i. 244; brá hann saxinu bæði hart ok títt, Stj. 383; hann sprettr upp hart ok títt, Fms. iv. 173; höggva títt ok hart, i. 45; títt nefndr so and so, Dipl. iv. 13; ótt ok títt, Fms. ii. 322, see óðr II. 2.

* * *

(geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.

1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);

2) to go;

ganga heim, to go home;

ganga braut, to go away;

ganga til hvílu, to go to bed;

ganga á skip, to go on board;

ganga af skipi, to go ashore;

with infin., ganga sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;

ganga at eiga konu, to marry a woman;

3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);

4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);

5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);

6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ganga af hesti mínum);

7) to prevail;

gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;

8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ganga);

of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);

of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);

9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);

impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;

10) láta ganga e-t, to let go on;

láta höggin ganga, to rain blows;

Birkibeinar létu ganga lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously;

11) to succeed;

ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do;

impers., svá þykt, at þeim gekk þar eigi at fara, so close, that they could not go on there;

þeim gekk ekki fyrir nesit, they could not clear the ness;

12) to turn out, go in a specified way;

ganga andæris, to go all wrong;

mart gengr verr en varir, many a thing goes worse than is looked for;

gekk þeim lítt atsókinn, they made little progress with the attack;

impers., e-m gengr vel (illa), one fares (goes on, gets on) well (badly);

13) with acc., ganga e-n á bak, to force one to go backwards (harm gengr bjöninn á bak);

14) with dat., to discharge (gekk bann þá blóði);

15) with preps. and adverbs:

ganga af e-u, to depart from, leave (þá gekk af honum móðrinn);

ganga af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits;

ganga af trú sinni, to apostatize;

to pass (síðan gengu af páskarnir);

to go off (gekk þegar af höfuðit);

to be left as surplus (þat er af skuldinni gekk);

nú gengr honum hey af, now he has some hay left;

ganga af sér, to go to extremities, to go beyond oneself (mjök ganga þeir fóstbrœðr nú af sé);

ganga aptr, to revert (return) to the former proprietor (síðan gengu þau lönd aptr undir Árna);

to be void, annulled (þá skal kaup aptr ganga);

of a ghost, to walk again; of a door, to close, shut (gekk eigi aptr hurðin);

ganga at e-m, to attack one;

ganga at e-u, to agree to, accept a choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljótt at þessu öllu); to fit (skaltu fá mér lukla þá, sem ganga at kistum yðrum);

ganga á e-t, to encroach upon (ganga á ríki e-s); to break (ganga á orð sín, eiða, grið, sættir, trygðir); to pierce, penetrate;

hann var í panzara, er ekki gekk á, that was proof against any weapons;

ganga á vald e-s or e-m, ganga á hönd (hendr) e-m, to submit to, give oneself up to, surrender to one;

ganga á bak e-u, to contravene;

ganga eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (göngum heim eptir verðinu); to pursue, claim;

ganga eptir, to prove true, be fulfilled (þetta gekk allt eptir, sem M. sagði fyrir);

ganga frá e-u, to part with, lose (sumir munu ganga frá öllu fénu);

ganga fram, to step forward;

ganga fram vel, to go forward bravely, in a battle;

to come to pass, come into execution (skal þess bíða, er þetta gengr fram);

to increase (fé Hall gerðar gekk fram ok gørðist allmikit);

to depart this life (H. bóndi gengr fram til frænda sinna);

ganga fyrir e-n, to present oneself before one (ganga fyrir konung);

ganga fyrir e-u, to take charge of, manage (var þar mart fólk, en húsbóndi gekk svá fyrir, at ekkert skorti); to yield to, be swayed by (hann gekk þá fyrir fortölum hennar);

ganga í gegn e-m, to set oneself against one;

ganga í gegn e-u, to confess, acknowledge;

maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðst tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away;

ganga í mál, to undertake a case;

ganga með e-m (of a woman), to marry;

ganga með barni, to be with child;

ganga með burði (of animals), to be with young;

ganga með e-u, to assist in, plead (ganga með máli, bónorði);

ganga milli (á m., í m.), to go between, intercede;

ganga móti (á m., í m.) e-m, to go to meet one;

ganga móti e-u, to resist, oppose;

to confess, = ganga í gegn, ganga við e-u;

ganga nær e-m, to be troublesome to one (þótti hón œrit nær ganga Þórgerði);

ganga e-m nær, to approach, come near to one (sá hefir á brott komizt, er næst gekk Gunnari um alla hluti);

ganga saman, to marry;

of an agreement, bargain, to be brought about;

saman gekk kaupit með þeim, they came to a bargain;

ganga sundr (í s.), to go asunder, part;

ganga til, to go up to a thing (gangit til ok hyggit at); of the wind, to veer (veðrit gekk til útsuðrs);

e-m gengr e-t til e-s, one has some reason for doing a thing;

en þat gekk mér til þess (that was my reason), at ek ann þér eigi;

hversu hefir ykkr til gengit, how have you fared?

Loka gekk lítt til, it fared ill with L.;

ganga um e-t, to go about a thing;

ganga um beina, to wait upon guests;

ganga um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker;

ganga um e-n, to befall, happen to one (þess, er um margan gengr guma); of the wind, to go round, veer (gekk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim); to manage (fékk hón svá um gengit, at);

ganga undan, to escape to absent oneself;

g. undir e-t, to take upon oneself, undertake (a duty);

ganga undir e-n, to subject oneself to;

ganga upp, to be wasted (of money);

to get loose, to he torn loose (þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir á húsinu);

of a storm, gale, to get up, rise (veðr gekk upp);

of an ice-bound river, áin var gengin upp, swollen with ice;

ganga við staf, to walk with a stick;

ganga við e-u or e-t, to avow;

ganga yfir e-t, to go beyond, disregard (hann vildi eigi ganga yfir þat, er hann vissi réttast);

ganga yfir e-n, to overcome, to befall, happen to one;

slíkt sem yfir hefir gengit, all that has happened;

eitt skal yfir okkr ganga, we shall share one fate;

16) refl., gangast.

1) walking (hann mœddist í göngu);

vera í göngu, to be on foot, to walk;

2) course (ganga tungls, vinds).

* * *

u, f. a walking, Bs. i. 225, Vþm. 8; tóku heyrn daufir, göngu haltir, 625. 82, cp. Matth. xv. 31; nema sýn eðr göngu frá mönnum, Post. 645. 70: the act of walking, Korm. 182, Fms. vi. 325; ganga göngu, to take a walk, Korm. (in a verse):—a course, ganga tungls, the course of the moon, Edda 7; hvata göngunni, id.; ganga vinds, the course of the wind, 15, Rb. 112, 476:—a procession, Fms. x. 15, Fs. 85, Ísl. ii. 251; vera sarnan í göngu, to march together, Band, 11; lögbergis-g., the procession to the hill of laws, Grág. Þ. Þ. ch. 5, Eg. 703; kirkju-g., a going to church; her-g., a war-march; hólm-g., a duel, q. v.; fjall-g., a walk to the fell ( to fetch sheep):—of animals, hrossa-g., grazing, pasture for horses, Dipl. v. 14; sauð-g., sheep-pasture: esp. in pl. fetching sheep from the fell-pastures in autumn (fjall-ganga), Grág. ii. 310, cp. Korm. ch. 3, Vd. ch. 44, Vápn. 22; ó-göngur, straits.

COMPDS: göngudrykkja, göngufæri, göngukona, göngulag, göngulið, göngu-maðr, göngumannaerfð, göngumannliga, göngumóðr, göngustafr, göngusveinn.

* * *

* * *

vb (gav, givet) give;

( indbringe, frembringe) yield, produce;

( give kort) deal;

( ved bordet: øse op til) help to ( fx let me (, can I) help you to some more rice),

( række) pass ( fx will you pass me the salt, please);

(om måltid etc: være vært ved) give ( fx a good dinner),

( traktere med, betale for) treat to,

T stand ( fx let me treat you to (, stand you) a good dinner; he

stood us a drink);

[ jeg giver!] this is on me!

[ give afgrøde] yield a crop;

[ gi' den med rose i knaphullet] sport a rose in one's buttonhole;

[ han gi'r den som rigmand] he acts (the part of) the rich man;

[ der gives børn som] there are children who;

[ jeg skal gi' dig!] you will catch it (from me)! I'll give it you!

[ give fri], se frigive og I. fri;

[ hvem skal give?]

( i kortspil) whose deal is it?

[ give løn] pay wages;

[ hvad giver du mig!] can you beat it! and what do you think! if you please

( fx and then, if you please, he just walked away!);

[ give blomsterne vand] water the flowers;

( se også de ord hvormed give forbindes, fx adgang, hånd, ild, I. kort,

køb, I. & II. lov, luft, mening, ord, rente, tid);

[ med præp & adv:]

[ give tonen an]

(fig) set the tone, lead,

( i mode) set (el. lead) the fashion;

[ give efter] yield, give in ( for to, fx him, his entreaties; at last he gave in and agreed to do it),

F give way ( for to, fx their demands);

( om ting) give way,

F yield ( fx at last the door yielded);

[ give ham en lektie for] set him a piece of homework;

[ give fra sig] give up ( fx a secret; one's children),

(mere F) surrender;

[ han gav ikke en lyd fra sig] he did not utter a sound;

[ give et skrig fra sig] give a cry;

[ give ham en bog i fødselsdagsgave (, julegave)] give him a book for a birthday (, Christmas) present;

[ give igen] give back, return,

( byttepenge) give change,

(gengælde fornærmelse etc) pay him (, her etc) back (in the same coin),

F retaliate;

[ kan du give igen på den!] so there! put that in your pipe and smoke it!

[ kan De give igen på en pundseddel?] have you got change for (el. can you change) a pound note?

[ give `om]

( i kortspil) have a new deal;

[ give op] give (it) up, throw up the game;

[ give bolden op] serve,

( i fodbold) kick off;

(fig) start the ball rolling;

[ give tilbage], se give igen;

[ give ud] spend;

[ de penge var godt givet ud] that was money well spent;

[ give noget ud for noget andet] pass something off as (el. for) something else ( fx pass the copy off as the original);

[ med sig:]

[ give sig] give way, give in, surrender,

( jamre sig) groan,

( strække sig, bøje sig) give,

( om tøj) stretch,

( fortage sig) wear off, pass away;

[ jeg giver mig!] I give in!

T you win!

[ give sig af med] occupy oneself with, have to do with;

[ det giver sig af sig selv] it is self-evident;

[ give sig mine af at være] pretend to be;

[ give sig hen i sin sorg] give way to one's grief,

F abandon oneself to one's grief;

[ give sig i snak med] enter into conversation with;

[ give sig Gud i vold] commend oneself to God;

[ give sig ind under] submit to;

[ det giver sig nok] it will be all right;

[ give sig tid], se tid;

[ give sig til at] begin ( fx begin to work), start -ing ( fx start working);

[ give sig ud for], se udgive (sig for).

* * *

(dvel, dvalda, dvaldr or dvalinn), v.

1) to delay; dvelja för es, to delay one’s journey; dvelja ferð sína, to put off one’s (own) journey; dvelja dóm, to defer judgement; dvelja ráð fyrir konu, to put off a woman’s marriage; gátu þeir hann eptir dvalit, they managed to keep him back; dvelja en frá e-u, to keep one from doing a thing; absol., dvaldi þat fyrir ferð þeirra, it delayed their journey;

2) = dveljast, to tarry (ok vildu eigi dvelja ok eigi biða Ólafs konungs); dvel eigi, tarry not!, make haste!;

3) with acc. of time, to wait, stay (konungr dvaldi mestan hluta sumars á Hálogalandi); dvelja stund es, to hold one up; dvelja af stundir, to kill the time;

4) refl., dveljast, to stay, make a stay (dvaldist þar um hríð); sá dagr mun dvelja, that day will be long in coming; dvelja munu stundirnar áðr en sagt er allt þat, er ek veit, it will lake many hours, it will be a long time before all is told; ef þat delst, at ek koma eigi hingat, I should be hindered from coming; impers., dvaldist þeim þar lengi, they made a long stay there; dvaldist þeim þar at því, in (doing) that they lost much time.

* * *

dvaldi, dvalði; pres. dvel; part. dvalðr, dvalinn; sup. dvalit: [A. S. dveljan; Engl. dwell; O. H. G. tvelan; Swed. dväljas; Dan. dvæle]:—to ‘dwell,’ delay, with acc.; d. för, ferð, to keep back, delay, Grág. ii. 385, Ísl. ii. 266; því dvalða ek dauða þinn, Blas. 47; d. dóm (a law term), to defer judgment, Grág. i. 67; d. ráð fyrir konu, to put off a woman’s marriage, 307; at þat dveli garðlagit, ii. 332; gátu þeir hann eptir dvalit, they managed to keep him back, Fms. vii. 169; d. e-n frá e-u. to keep one from doing a thing, Jb. 380; dvelr mik engi hlutr, at ek geng ekki…, i. e. I will go at once, Fms. ii, 37: the proverb, mart um dvelr þann er um morgin sefr, Hm. 58: absol., dvaldi þat fyrir ferð þeirra, that caused delay, Njarð. 374.

2. in neut. sense = dveljask, to tarry, cp. Engl. to dwell on a thing; ok vildu eigi dvelja, ok eigi bíða Ólafs konungs, Fms. iv. 118.

3. with acc. of time, to wait, abide; konungr dvaldi mestan hluta sumars á Hálogalandi, Fms. iv. 233; d. af stundir, to kill time, Band. 8; d. stund e-s, to hold one up, Karl. 62.

II. reflex. to stop oneself, i. e. to stay, make a stay; myndi þar dveljask um hríð, Nj. 122; ok er þeir höfðu þar dvalisk til þess er …, Eg. 28; dvaldisk þar um hríð, 59; ok er konungr hafðr dvalsk þar um hríð, Fms. viii. 428: d. at e-u, to tarry over a thing, D. I. i. 223.

2. the phrase, e-dvelsk, one is kept, loses time by a thing; dvaldisk þeim þar lengi, Eg. 230; dvaldisk þeim þar at því, in ( doing) that they lost much time, Nj. 241.

3. with pass. notion; sá dagr mun dveljask, that day will not soon come, will come late, Ld. 174; dveljask munu stundirnar, the hours will be taken up, it will take many hours, it will grow late before all is told, Edda 15; ef þat dvelsk, at ek koma eigi hingat, if I should be hindered from coming, Fms. xi. 51: to tarry, er ek hefi svá lengi dvalisk at sækja yðvarn fund, Ld. 32.

1) athwart, transverse, opp. to endilangr( tjalda um þveran skálann);

lá hverr um annan þveran, in heaps;

fara þverr á fœti at e-u, to be unwilling for a thing;

beita þvert, to sail close-hauled, near the wind;

2) adverse, contrary (veðr hörð ok þver);

3) cross, obstinate;

hann kvazt ekki þverr vera í því at selja skipit, he said he would not be hard about selling the ship;

setja þvert nei fyrir, to deny flatly;

ek vil þó eigi þvert taka, ef þér er lítit um, I will not take it crossly, if it is not to thy mind.

* * *

þver, þvert, adj., compar. þverari, þverast, but also þverstr; [Ulf. þwairhs = ὀργίλος, ὀργισθείς, þwairgei = ὄργη, ἔρις; A. S. þweorh; Engl. a-thwart, and also queer; Germ. quer (kv = þv, like kvistr, kvísl, for tvistr, tvísl); Dan. tvær; cp. Engl. to thwart]:—athwart, across, transverse, opp. to longways; tjalda um þveran skálann, Fms. i. 265; um þvert andlitið, Ó. H. 217; um þveran dal, Jb. 194; lá hvarr um þveran annan, in heaps, Fms. ix. 31; falla hvárr um þveran annan, pass.; járnspengr um þveran skjöld, Gþl. 105; þverrar handar hár, a hand’s breadth, Sd. 147; þremr þverum fingrum minni, Bs. i. 376; svá langt at þvers fótar sé, Karl. 112; ferr þú lítt þverr á fæti at fjándskap við oss, Ölk. 36: um þvert, across; geng ek um þvert frá leiki, out of their way, Sighvat: storm mikinn ok veðr þvert, adverse winds, Eg. 405; veðr hörð ok þver, Fms. x. 150; veðr þver af suðri, Grett. 86 A; sem sá í þveru veðri beitir löngum, Bs. i. 750; beittu þá sem þverast austr fyrir landit, Eg. 161.

II. metaph., taka e-n þvert, to take it athwart, to deny flatly, Eg. 524; ek vil þó eigi þvert taka ( I will not insist on it) ef þér er lítið um, Nj. 26; var þat af þveru frá glíkendum, Bs. i. 347; setja þvert nei fyrir, to refuse, deny flatly, Ld. 196; hann kvaðsk ekki þverr vera í því at selja skipit, Nj. 259; biskup flutti ákafliga en Þórðr var inn þverasti, Sturl. iii. 17; var Þórgils þá svá þverr, at hann sagði svá, at …, 229; hvárr-tveggi var inn þverasti ok hvárrgi vildi til láta við annan, Bs. i. 760: þvert á móti, as adverb, quite the contrary (Dan. tværtimod), 687.

III. þvers, adv. across, athwart; nú er þar þvers á móti gört, Bs. i. 740; hann snýr þvers af leiðinni, Nj. 132; hann snýr þvers á braut í skóginn, Edda 30; vísaði hann ollurn þvers frá því sem þau vóru, Fms. i. 72; hljóp hann þá þvers á brott at fela sik, vi. 303; þá víkja þeir þvers út eptir firðinum, ix. 43; sneri þvers annan veg frá liðinu, vii. 56; höfðu þeir þvers farit frá því sem þeir skyldu, viii. 56; þvers í mót yðvarri hugsan, Fb. i. 513: superl. þverst, ef þér kœmið í þverst þvari (see þvari), Hkv. Hjörv. 18 (Bugge, not þverz). þvers-um, adv. across.

B. COMPDS: þverá, Þverá, Þverárhlíð, þverbak, þverbrestr, þverbrot, þverfell, þverfeta, þverfingr, þverfjörðr, þvergarðr, þvergyrðingr, Þverhlíðingr, þverhníptr, þvergniptr, þverhöggt, þverhönd, þverknýta, þverkominn, þverkyrfa, þverlyndi, þverlyndr, þvermóðska, þverneita, þverpallr, þversigling, þverskallast, þverskeytingr, þverskipa, þverskurðr, þverslag, þverslá, þverstigr, þverstræti, þversyll, þversök, þvertaka, þvertré, þverúð, þvervegr, þverþili, Þveræingr.