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21 thomson etkisi
thomson effect -
22 thomson effect
thomson etkisi -
23 Thomson coefficient
= Thomson heat coefficient коэффициент ТомсонаEnglish-Russian electronics dictionary > Thomson coefficient
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24 Thomson heat coefficient
English-Russian electronics dictionary > Thomson heat coefficient
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25 Thomson coefficient
= Thomson heat coefficient коэффициент ТомсонаThe New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > Thomson coefficient
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26 Thomson heat coefficient
The New English-Russian Dictionary of Radio-electronics > Thomson heat coefficient
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27 Thomson effect
• Thomson-ilmiö -
28 thomson scattering
• Thomson-sironta -
29 Thomson-ilmiö
• Thomson effect -
30 Thomson-sironta
• thomson scattering -
31 thomson effect
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32 Thomson-stuw
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33 Thomson, Elihu
SUBJECT AREA: Electricity[br]b. 29 March 1853 Manchester, Englandd. 13 March 1937 Swampscott, Massachusetts, USA[br]English (naturalized) American electrical engineer and inventor.[br]Thomson accompanied his parents to Philadelphia in 1858; he received his education at the Central High School there, and afterwards remained as a teacher of chemistry. At this time he constructed several dynamos after studying their design, and was invited by the Franklin Institute to give lectures on the subject. After observing an arc-lighting system operating commercially in Paris in 1878, he collaborated with Edwin J. Houston, a senior colleague at the Central High School, in working out the details of such a system. An automatic regulating device was designed which, by altering the position of the brushes on the dynamo commutator, maintained a constant current irrespective of the number of lamps in use. To overcome the problem of commutation at the high voltages necessary to operate up to forty arc lamps in a series circuit, Thomson contrived a centrifugal blower which suppressed sparking. The resulting system was efficient and reliable with low operating costs. Thomson's invention of the motor meter in 1882 was the first of many such instruments for the measurement of electrical energy. In 1886 he invented electric resistance welding using low-voltage alternating current derived from a transformer of his own design. Thomson's work is recorded in his technical papers and in the 700plus patents granted for his inventions.The American Electric Company, founded to exploit the Thomson patents, later became the Thomson-Houston Company, which was destined to be a leader in the electrical manufacturing industry. They entered the field of electric power in 1887, supplying railway equipment and becoming a major innovator of electric railways. Thomson-Houston and Edison General Electric were consolidated to form General Electric in 1892. Thomson remained associated with this company throughout his career.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsChevalier and Officier de la Légion d'honneur 1889. American Academy of Arts and Sciences Rumford Medal 1901. American Institute of Electrical Engineers Edison Medal 1909. Royal Society Hughes Medal 1916. Institution of Electrical Engineers Kelvin Medal 1923, Faraday Medal 1927.Bibliography1934, "Some highlights of electrical history", Electrical Engineering 53:758–67 (autobiography).Further ReadingD.O.Woodbury, 1944, Beloved Scientist, New York (a full biography). H.C.Passer, 1953, The Electrical Manufacturers: 1875–1900, Cambridge, Mass, (describes Thomson's industrial contribution).K.T.Compton, 1940, Biographical Memoirs of Elihu Thomson, Washington, DCovides an abridged list of Thomson's papers and patents).GW -
34 Thomson, Sir William, Lord Kelvin
[br]b. 26 June 1824 Belfast, Ireland (now Northern Ireland)d. 17 December 1907 Largs, Scotland[br]Irish physicist and inventor who contributed to submarine telegraphy and instrumentation.[br]After education at Glasgow University and Peterhouse, Cambridge, a period of study in France gave Thomson an interest in experimental work and instrumentation. He became Professor of Natural Philosophy at Glasgow in 1846 and retained the position for the rest of his career, establishing the first teaching laboratory in Britain.Among his many contributions to science and engineering was his concept, introduced in 1848, of an "absolute" zero of temperature. Following on from the work of Joule, his investigations into the nature of heat led to the first successful liquefaction of gases such as hydrogen and helium, and later to the science of low-temperature physics.Cable telegraphy gave an impetus to the scientific measurement of electrical quantities, and for many years Thomson was a member of the British Association Committee formed in 1861 to consider electrical standards and to develop units; these are still in use. Thomson first became Scientific Adviser to the Atlantic Telegraph Company in 1857, sailing on the Agamemnon and Great Eastern during the cable-laying expeditions. He invented a mirror galvanometer and more importantly the siphon recorder, which, used as a very sensitive telegraph receiver, provided a permanent record of signals. He also laid down the design parameters of long submarine cables and discovered that the conductivity of copper was greatly affected by its purity. A major part of the success of the Atlantic cable in 1866 was due to Thomson, who received a knighthood for his contribution.Other instruments he designed included a quadrant electrostatic voltmeter to measure high voltages, and his "multi-cellular" instrument for low voltages. They could be used on alternating or direct current and were free from temperature errors. His balances for precision current measurement were widely used in standardizing laboratories.Thomson was a prolific writer of scientific papers on subjects across the whole spectrum of physics; between 1855 and 1866 he published some 110 papers, with a total during his life of over 600. In 1892 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Kelvin of Largs. By the time of his death he was looked upon as the "father" of British physics, but despite his outstanding achievements his later years were spent resisting change and progress.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1866. Created Lord Kelvin of Largs 1892. FRS 1851. President, Royal Society 1890–4. An original member of the Order of Merit 1902. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers 1874. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1889 and 1907. Royal Society Royal Medal 1856, Copley Medal 1883.Bibliography1872, Reprints of Papers on Electrostatics and Magnetism, London; 1911, Mathematical and Physical Papers, 6 vols, Cambridge (collections of Thomson's papers).Further ReadingSilvanus P.Thompson, 1910, The Life of William Thomson, Baron Kelvin of Largs, 2 vols, London (an uncritical biography).D.B.Wilson, 1987, Kelvin and Stokes: A Comparative Study in Victorian Physics, Bristol (provides a present-day commentary on all aspects of Thomson's work).J.G.Crowther, 1962, British Scientists of the 19th Century, London, pp. 199–257 (a short critical biography).GWBiographical history of technology > Thomson, Sir William, Lord Kelvin
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35 Thomson, James
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering[br]b. 16 February 1822 Belfast, Ireland (now Northern Ireland)d. 8 May 1892 Glasgow, Scotland[br]Irish civil engineer noted for his work in hydraulics and for his design of the "Vortex" turbine.[br]James Thomson was a pupil in several civil-engineering offices, but the nature of the work was beyond his physical capacity and from 1843 onwards he devoted himself to theoretical studies. Hhe first concentrated on the problems associated with the expansion of liquids when they reach their freezing point: water is one such example. He continued this work with his younger brother, Lord Kelvin (see Thomson, Sir William).After experimentation with a "feathered" paddle wheel as a young man, he turned his attention to water power. In 1850 he made his first patent application, "Hydraulic machinery and steam engines": this patent became his "Vortex" turbine design. He settled in Belfast, the home of the MacAdam-Fourneyron turbine, in 1851, and as a civil engineer became the Resident Engineer to the Belfast Water Commissioners in 1853. In 1857 he was appointed Professor of Civil Engineering and Surveying at Queen's College, Belfast.Whilst it is understood that he made his first turbine models in Belfast, he came to an arrangement with the Williamson Brothers of Kendal to make his turbine. In 1856 Williamsons produced their first turbine to Thomson's design and drawings. This was the Vortex Williamson Number 1, which produced 5 hp (3.7 kW) under a fall of 31 ft (9.4 m) on a 9 in. (23 cm) diameter supply. The rotor of this turbine ran in a horizontal plane. For several years the Williamson catalogue described their Vortex turbine as "designed by Professor James Thomson".Thomson continued with his study of hydraulics and water flow both at Queen's College, Belfast, and, later, at Glasgow University, where he became Professor in 1873, succeeding Macquorn Rankine, another famous engineer. At Glasgow, James Thomson studied the flow in rivers and the effects of erosion on river beds. He was also an authority on geological formations such as the development of the basalt structure of the Giant's Causeway, north of Belfast.James Thomson was an extremely active engineer and a very profound teacher of civil engineering. His form of water turbine had a long life before being displaced by the turbines designed in the twentieth century.[br]Bibliography1850, British patent no. 13,156 "Hydraulic machinery and steam engines".Further ReadingGilkes, 1956, One Hundred Years of Water Power, Kendal.KM -
36 Thomson'sche Doppelbrücke
f <el> ■ Thomson bridge; Kelvin double bridge; Kelvin bridge; Thomson double bridgeGerman-english technical dictionary > Thomson'sche Doppelbrücke
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37 Thomson'scher Effekt
m < phys> ■ Thomson effect; Thomson thermoelectric effect -
38 Thomson-Effekt
m < phys> ■ Thomson effect; Thomson thermoelectric effect -
39 Thomson-Messbrücke
f <el> ■ Thomson bridge; Kelvin double bridge; Kelvin bridge; Thomson double bridge -
40 Thomson bridge
<el> ■ Thomson-Messbrücke f ; Thomson'sche Doppelbrücke f
См. также в других словарях:
THOMSON — (entreprise) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Thomson. Logo de Thomson … Wikipédia en Français
Thomson SA — Thomson (entreprise) Pour les articles homonymes, voir Thomson. Logo de Thomson … Wikipédia en Français
Thomson — may refer to:PeopleMain|Thomson (surname)includes name origin and people with the name * Alexander Greek Thomson (1817 ndash;1875), Scottish architect * J. J. Thomson (Sir Joseph John Thomson, 1856 ndash;1940), English physicist who discovered… … Wikipedia
Thomson — ist der Familienname einer Reihe bekannter Personen, siehe Thomson (Familienname) Thomson steht für folgende nach William Thomson benannten naturwissenschaftlichen Formeln, Effekten und Einheiten: Joule Thomson Effekt beim Ausdehnen eines Gases… … Deutsch Wikipedia
Thomson — [tɔmsn], 1) Sir Charles Wyville, britischer Biologe und Ozeanograph, * Bonsyde (Lothian Region) 5. 3. 1830, ✝ ebenda 10. 3. 1882; ab 1870 Professor in Edinburgh, plante und leitete die Challenger Expedition (Challenger). 2) Sir (seit… … Universal-Lexikon
Thomson — Thomson, Augusto Thomson, sir George Paget Thomson, sir Joseph John Thomson, sir William * * * (as used in expressions) Flynn, Errol (Leslie Thomson) Gunn, Thom(son William) Kelvin (of Largs), William Thomson, barón Thomson, J(ohn) Edgar Thomson… … Enciclopedia Universal
Thomson — Thomson: Thomson фамилия «Томсон». Thomson общепринятое сокращение (обозначение) имени ботаника, которое добавляется к научным (латинским) названиям некоторых таксонов ботанической номенклатуры и указывает на то, что автором этих… … Википедия
Thomson — Thomson, GA U.S. city in Georgia Population (2000): 6828 Housing Units (2000): 2895 Land area (2000): 3.953924 sq. miles (10.240617 sq. km) Water area (2000): 0.000000 sq. miles (0.000000 sq. km) Total area (2000): 3.953924 sq. miles (10.240617… … StarDict's U.S. Gazetteer Places
Thomson SA — Saltar a navegación, búsqueda Thomson SA, antes conocida como Thomson Multimedia es un fabricante multinacional de electrónica y proveedor de servicios multimedia establecido en Boulogne, Francia. La compañía tiene al menos 60.000 empleados (dato … Wikipedia Español
THOMSON (V.) — Virgil THOMSON 1896 1989 Figure de légende de la vie musicale américaine, Virgil Garnett Thomson avait acquis une notoriété de compositeur et de critique musical après avoir reçu l’essentiel de sa formation en France dans les années 1920. Il… … Encyclopédie Universelle
Thomson S. A. — Thomson S. A. [tɔm sɔn sɔsje te anɔ nim], Unternehmen der elektronischen und elektrotechnischen Industrie, gegründet 1893 als Compagnie Française Thomson Houston; Sitz: Paris. 1996 wurde der Unternehmensbereich Thomson CSF (überwiegend… … Universal-Lexikon
