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1 parma
noun "book", also name of tengwa \#2 PAR, Appendix E. In early "Qenya", the gloss was "skin, bark, parchment, book, writings" LT2:346; Tolkien later revisited the idea that parma basically is a noun peel and refers to bark or skin as primitive writing materials, PE17:86: peel, applied to bark or skin, hence book, bark literally skinning, peeling off, parchment, book; a book or written document of some size PE17:123. In the meantimeTolkien had associated the word with a root PAR meaning compose, put together LR:380; the word loiparë mistake in writing q.v. may also suggest that the root PAR at one point was to mean write, so that a parma was a *written thing. Instrumental form parmanen with a book or by means of a book PE17:91, 180, parmastanna on your book with the endings -sta dual your, -nna allative VT49:47, parmahentië noun book reading PE17:77. Other compounds: parmalambë noun "book-language" = Quenya PAR, \#parma-resta noun *book-fair, attested with the endings -lya thy and the allative ending -nna parma-restalyanna *upon your book-fair VT49:38, 39. Parma as the name of the tengwa letter for P occurs compunded in parmatéma noun "p-series", labials, the second column of the Tengwar system Appendix E. -
2 anna
noun "gift" ANAsup1/sup, SA, a thing handed, brought or sent to a person PE17:125, also name of tengwa \#23 Appendix E; pl. annar "gifts" in Fíriel's Song. Masc. name Annatar "Lord of Gifts, *Gift-lord", name assumed by Sauron when he tried to seduce the Eldar in the Second Age SA:tar. Eruanna noun "God-gift", gift of God, i.e. "grace" VT43:38 -
3 netil
noun "trinket, ?small thing of personal adornment" Tolkien's gloss was not certainly legible VT47:33 -
4 nat
noun "thing" NĀsup2/sup; compare únat. VT49:30 lists năta, nat, but it is unclear whether năta is here a Quenya word or an etymological form underlying Quenya nat. -
5 engwë
noun "thing" VT39:7, VT49:28. Extrapolation may also point to *engwë as an emphatic dual inclusive pronoun we thou and I, corresponding to the ending -ngwë. -
6 aian
noun a holy thing or object or place, later form of áyan PE17:149 -
7 taman
noun a thing made by handicraft PE17:107 -
8 tanwë
noun "craft, thing made, device, construction" TAN -
9 saucarë
noun doing or making a thing very badly PE17:183 -
10 cilin
noun glass often used as in English often used as in English for any thing or implement made of glass PE17:37. Compare calca, hyellë. -
11 almë
noun a good thing, a blessing, a piece of good fortune PE17:146. Cf. alma, almië. -
12 únat
noun "a thing impossible to be or to be done" VT39:26 Cf. ú- and nat. -
13 mírë
noun "jewel" MIR, SA:mîr, a treasure, a precious thing PE17:37.Cf. Elemmírë; short form -mir in Tar-Atanamir SA:mîr; see also Artamir. -
14 mána
1 adj. "blessed" FS; also manna, q.v. 2 noun any good thing or fortunate thing; a boon or blessing, a grace, being esp. used of some thing/person/event that helps or amends an evil or difficulty. Cf. frequent ejaculation on receiving aid in trouble: yé mána ma = what a blessing, what a good thing! VT49:41 -
15 an
1 conj. and prep. "for" Nam, RGEO:66, an cé mo quernëfor if one turned VT49:8, also used adverbially in the formula an + a noun to express one more of the thing concerned: an quetta a word more, PE17:91. The an of the phrase es sorni heruion an! "the Eagles of the Lords are at hand" SD:290 however seems to denote motion towards the speaker: the Eagles are coming. Etym has an, ana "to, towards" NĀsup1/sup. The phrase an i falmalīPE17:127 is not clearly translated but seems to be a paraphrase of the word falmalinnar upon the foaming waves Nam, suggesting that an can be used as a paraphrase of the allative ending and if falmalīis seen as a Book Quenya accusative form because of the long final vowel, this is evidence that an governs the accusative case.In the "Arctic" sentence, an is translated "until". Regarding an as used in Namárië, various sources indicate that it means an moreover, furthermore, to proceed VT49:18-19 or properly further, plus, in addition PE17:69, 90. According to one late source ca. 1966 or later, an is very frequently used after a full stop, when an account or description is confirmed after a pause. So in Galadriels Elvish lament: An sí Tintallë, etc. = For now the Kindler, etc This is translated by me for, side an is as here often in fact used when the additional matter provides an explanation of or reason for what has already been said. Related is the use of an + noun to express one more; here an is presumably accented, something the word would not normally be when used as a conjunction or preposition. -
16 harma
1 noun "treasure, a treasured thing" 3AR, also name of tengwa \#11, later MET called aha Appendix E. 2 noun "wolf" 3ARAM. The gloss "hound" was inserted, but then deleted VT45:17 -
17 farnë
1 noun "foliage", archaic faznë VT46:9. Not to be confused with farnë as the pa.t. of the verb farya-, q.v. 2 noun "dwelling", in orofarnë as translated in Letters:224, but in other notes of Tolkiens the word was interpreted any growing thing or plant, PE17:83 -
18 hya
conj. or or noun other thing VT49:14 -
19 sana
1 demonstrative that very thing already referred to PE16:97. Sana wendë that maiden PE16:96 cf. 90 2 noun "day 24 hours" LT1:250; the later word ré is to be preferred to this early "Qenya" form -
20 quantaemma
quantemma noun facsimile, a complete detailed visual reproduction by any means of a visible thing PE17:179, literally *full picture, cf. emma, q.v.
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