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21 scale
scale [skeɪl]1 noun(a) (of model, drawing) échelle f;∎ the sketch was drawn to scale l'esquisse était à l'échelle;∎ the map is on a scale of 1 cm to 1 km l'échelle de la carte est de 1 cm pour 1 km;∎ the scale of the map is 1 to 50,000 la carte est au 50 millième;∎ the drawing is out of scale or is not to scale le croquis n'est pas à l'échelle(b) (for measurement, evaluation) échelle f; (of thermometer) échelle f (graduée), graduation f; (of salaries, taxes) échelle f, barème m; (of values) échelle f;∎ the social scale l'échelle f sociale;∎ at the top of the scale en haut de l'échelle;∎ it all depends on your scale of values tout dépend de votre échelle de valeurs;∎ to judge sth on a scale of one to ten noter qch sur dix∎ the scale of the devastation l'étendue f des dégâts;∎ the sheer scale of the problem/task l'énormité f du problème/de la tâche;∎ to do sth on a large scale faire qch sur une grande échelle;∎ on an industrial scale à l'échelle industrielle;∎ economies of scale économies fpl d'échelle∎ to practise or to do one's scales faire ses gammes;∎ the scale of D major la gamme de ré majeur∎ figurative the scales fell from her eyes les écailles lui sont tombées des yeux(g) (of paint, plaster, rust) écaille f, écaillure f(h) (scale pan) plateau m (de balance)(a) (climb over → wall, fence) escalader(paint, rust) s'écailler; (skin) peler, se desquamer(for food) balance f; (for letters) pèse-lettre m; (in bathroom etc) pèse-personne m; (for babies) pèse-bébé m; (public) bascule f;∎ pair of scales balance f à plateaux;∎ (a pair of) kitchen scales une balance de cuisine►► scale drawing dessin m à l'échelle;Entomology scale insect coccidé m;(b) (figures, demands) réduire, baisser, diminuer;∎ production is being scaled down on a entrepris de réduire la production(paint, rust) s'écaillerécailler(b) (figures, demands) réviser à la hausse, augmenter;∎ allowances were scaled up by 10 percent les allocations ont été augmentées de 10 pour cent -
22 measure
['meʒə] 1. noun1) (an instrument for finding the size, amount etc of something: a glass measure for liquids; a tape-measure.) instrument de mesure2) (a unit: The metre is a measure of length.) mesure3) (a system of measuring: dry/liquid/square measure.) mesure4) (a plan of action or something done: We must take (= use, or put into action) certain measures to stop the increase in crime.) mesure5) (a certain amount: a measure of sympathy.) un(e) certain(e)6) ((in music) the musical notes contained between two bar lines.)2. verb1) (to find the size, amount etc of (something): He measured the table.) mesurer2) (to show the size, amount etc of: A thermometer measures temperature.) indiquer3) ((with against, besides etc) to judge in comparison with: She measured her skill in cooking against her friend's.) comparer (avec)4) (to be a certain size: This table measures two metres by one metre.) mesurer•- beyond measure - for good measure - full measure - made to measure - measure out - measure up -
23 zero
['ziərəu]plural - zeros; noun1) (nought; the number or figure 0: Three plus zero equals three; The figure 100 has two zeros in it.) zéro2) (the point on a scale (eg on a thermometer) which is taken as the standard on which measurements may be based: The temperature was 5 degrees above/below zero.) zéro3) (the exact time fixed for something to happen, eg an explosion, the launching of a spacecraft etc: It is now 3 minutes to zero.) l'heure H -
24 division
division [dɪ'vɪʒən](a) (splitting up → of territory, property, family, work, inheritance) division f; (→ of kingdom) démembrement m; (→ of land) morcellement m; (→ of party) division f, scission f(b) (sharing out) partage m;∎ the division of labour la division du travail;∎ the division of responsibility le partage des responsabilités(c) (section → of company, organization) division f; (→ of scale, thermometer) graduation f; Law (→ of court) section f; (compartment → in box, bag) compartiment m(e) Mathematics division f∎ class divisions divisions fpl entre les classes, divisions fpl sociales;∎ the motorway forms a division between the two halves of the city l'autoroute sépare la ville en deux(g) (dissension) division f(h) British Politics = vote officiel à la Chambre des communes (pour lequel les députés se répartissent dans les deux "division lobbies");∎ a division will be necessary il faudra procéder à un vote;∎ the bill was passed without division le projet de loi a été adopté sans qu'on ait procédé à un vote;∎ to carry a division avoir ou remporter la majorité des voix;∎ to come to a division procéder à un vote;∎ to call a division annoncer un vote;∎ to call for a division on sth demander que qch soit soumis à un vote►► British Politics division bell = sonnerie à la Chambre des communes prévenant les députés qu'il faut venir voter;British Politics division lobby = nom des deux salles dans lesquelles les députés britanniques se répartissent pour voter;Mathematics division sign symbole m de division -
25 scale
A n1 ( extent) (of crisis, disaster, success, violence) étendue f (of de) ; (of reform, development, defeat, recession, task) ampleur f (of de) ; (of activity, operation) envergure f (of de) ; (of support, change) degré m (of de) ; on a large/small scale à grande/petite échelle ; on an unexpected/a modest scale d'une ampleur inattendue/modeste ;2 ( grading system) échelle f ; pay scale, salary scale échelle des salaires ; social scale échelle sociale ; scale of values échelle de valeurs ; at the other end of the scale à l'autre bout de l'échelle ; on a scale of 1 to 10 sur une échelle allant de 1 à 10 ;3 (for maps, models) échelle f ; on a scale of 2 km to 1 cm à une échelle de 1 cm pour 2 km ; the model is out of ou not to scale la maquette n'est pas à l'échelle ;4 (on thermometer, gauge etc) graduation f ;5 ( for weighing) balance f ;C vtr1 ( climb) escalader [wall, peak, tower] ;2 ( take scales off) écailler [fish].the scales fell from my eyes tout d'un coup j'ai compris.■ scale back = scale down 2.■ scale down:▶ scale [sth] down, scale down [sth]1 ( reduce according to scale) réduire l'échelle de [drawing, map] ;■ scale up:▶ scale [sth] up, scale up [sth]1 lit augmenter l'échellle de [drawing, map] ;2 fig augmenter [activity, work]. -
26 bulb
1) (the ball-shaped part of the stem of certain plants, eg onions, tulips etc, from which their roots grow.) bulbe2) ((also light bulb) a pear-shaped glass globe surrounding the element of an electric light.) ampoule3) (the pear-shaped end of a thermometer.) cuvette•- bulbous -
27 graduation
1) (the act or ceremony of graduating from a college, university etc: The graduation will be held in the large hall; ( also adjective) a graduation ceremony.) remise des diplômes2) (a marked division: the graduations on a thermometer.) graduation -
28 resistance
resistance [rɪ'zɪstəns]1 nounrésistance f;∎ their resistance to all reform leur opposition (systématique) à toute réforme;∎ they offered no resistance to the new measures ils ne se sont pas opposés aux nouvelles mesures;∎ they put up fierce resistance to their attackers ils opposèrent une vive résistance à leurs agresseurs;∎ her resistance to infection is low elle offre peu de résistance à l'infection;∎ figurative to take the line of least resistance aller au plus facile, choisir la facilité;∎ air/wind resistance résistance f de l'air/du vent;∎ History the (French) Resistance la Résistance (française)(movement) de résistance; (group) de résistants►► resistance coupling couplage m par résistance;resistance fighter résistant(e) m,f;resistance thermometer thermomètre m à résistance;resistance welding soudure f électrique par résistance -
29 scale
scale [skeɪl]1. noun• on a large/small scale sur une grande/petite échelleb. [of map] échelle fe. [of fish] écaille ff. → scalesa. [+ wall, mountain] escaladerb. [+ fish] écaillerc. [+ teeth] détartrer3. compounds(US) = scale down► scale down separable transitive verb réduire ; [+ drawing] réduire l'échelle de ; [+ production] réduire* * *[skeɪl] 1.1) ( extent) (of crisis, disaster, success, violence) étendue f; (of reform, development, defeat, recession, task) ampleur f; (of activity, operation) envergure f; (of support, change) degré mon a large/small scale — [map] à grande/petite échelle
on a modest scale — [building] d'une ampleur modeste
to do something on a large scale — fig faire quelque chose sur une grande échelle
2) ( grading system) échelle fpay scale —
3) (for maps, models) échelle f4) ( on gauge etc) graduation f5) ( for weighing) balance f6) Music gamme f7) (on fish, insect) écaille f2.scales plural noun balance f3.transitive verb1) ( climb) escalader2) ( take scales off) écailler•Phrasal Verbs:- scale up•• -
30 misread
2 ( misinterpret) mal interpréter [actions, conduct] ; I misread the signs completely fig je n'avais pas du tout compris la situation.
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См. также в других словарях:
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