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1 óma
noun "voice" OM, "voice, resonance of the vocal chords" VT39:16, voice /vowel PE17:138, where it is said that the root OM refers to drawn-out sounds; contrast tomba, q.v.. With pronominal suffix \#ómarya "his/her voice", genitive ómaryo "of his/her voice" Nam, RGEO:67. Instrumental pl. ómainen "with voices" WJ:391. Adj. ómalóra "voiceless" VT45:28. The term óma is closely associated with vowels, see óma-tengwë, ómëa; cf. also the compounds ómataina "vocalic extension", the addition to the base a final vowel identical to the stem-vowel WJ:371, 417; also called ómataima, VT42:24, 25, ómatehtar "vowel-signs", signs used for vowels usually called simply tehtar, but the latter term strictly includes all kinds of diacritics, not just the vowel-signs WJ:396 -
2 hlonítë
adj. "phonetic", only attested in the pl. in the phrase hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs" sg. \#hlonítë tengwë WJ:395. The sg. form hlonitë with a short i occurs in VT48:29 and PE17:138. The form \#hlonítë was changed by Tolkien from hlonaitë, as in hlonaitë tengwesta "a tengwesta q.v. employing phonetic signs" VT39:4,hlonaiti tengwi "phonetic signs" VT39:4. -
3 penya
adj. "lacking, inadequate"; pl. penyë in penyë tengwi "lacking signs", "inadequate signs"; in early Elvish analysis of Quenya the term for vowels with no preceding consonant, held in many cases incorrectly to have lost such a consonant VT39:6, 8 -
4 quenya
noun original adj. "speech" PM:399; the language-name Quenya is said to mean properly "language, speech" WJ:393; cf. the phrase coirëa quenya "living speech" PM:399.However, Quenya archaic Quendya, still so in Vanyarin is also interpreted "Elvish" Letters:176, sc. the adjective corresponding to Quendi WJ:374, but it was no longer used as a general adjective. Quenya lambë"Quenya tongue" WJ:407. The command queta Quenya! speak Quenya! was used in the sense of speak precisely and intelligibly, put into actual words instead of using hand signs or looks; the word Quenya is here used adverbially PE17:138. The variant queta quenyāPE17:137 appears to use the distinct accusative formed by lengthening a final vowel known from Book Quenya. -
5 tengwë
pl. tengwi attested noun "indication, sign, token", in linguistics used for phonemes VT39:7, WJ:394; hloníti tengwi "phonetic signs" WJ:395. The term tengwë was particularly associated with consonants VT39:16. In the Etymologies, stem TEK, tengwë is glossed "writing"; this gloss would seem to be obsolete for this meaning the word sarmë occurs in Tolkien's later material. -
6 tengwa
pl. tengwar is attested 1 noun "letter" Tengwa ñ is defined as "any one visible sign representing theoretically any one audible teñgwe" phoneme VT39:17. In non-technical usage tengwa was equivalent to "consonant", since only the consonants were full signs WJ:396, TEK. In the Etymologies, tengwa was apparently emended from tengwë VT46:17. -
7 tengwelë
noun "Language" in all its aspects, a general word for the grouping and composing of tengwi linguistic "signs", phonemes into a linguistic system VT39:16 -
8 tengwesta
"ñ" noun "a system or code of signs", "Language", referring particularly to structure, including morphology and grammar VT39:15. As a technical term for "language", this includes languages not made up of sounds WJ:394, but usually it means "spoken language" when unqualified WJ:395. In the Etymologies, tengwesta is glossed "grammar" TEK.
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