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1 SHARP
maica (piercing), aica (fell, terrible, dire; this gloss "sharp" is isolated from one translation of Aicanáro:) SHARP-FLAME Aicanáro "Fell Fire, Aegnor" (so in Silm:435; MR:323 has Aicanár) In the printed Etymologies, a word for "keen, sharp, acute" is given as "laike" in the entry LAIK, but not only is this a misreading for "laika" (VT45:25): the conceptual validity of this word may be questioned because laika, laica is the word for "green" in later sources. –Silm:434, AYAK, MR:323, LAIK -
2 FOREIGN
ettelëa ("ettelen" in the printed Etymologies is probably a misreading; see VT45:12); this word may also be a noun "stranger", q.v. FOREIGN PARTS ettelë (outer lands) (but the Quenya word is singular) –ET, VT45:12 -
3 ACUTE
tereva (fine, piercing); ACUTE, ACUTENESS laicë (In the printed Etymologies, a similar word is also the adjective "keen, sharp, acute", but according to VT45:25, this is a misreading; the final vowel of the adjective should be -a, not -ë. However, the conceptual validity of the adjective laica, and therefore also the corresponding noun laicë, is questionable; see PIERCING.) –TER, LAIK -
4 PIERCING
maica (sharp), terevë (fine, acute), laica (keen, sharp, acute). (The printed Etymologies has a final –e instead of –a, but according to VT45:25 this is a misreading. A word laike = laicë does appear in the source, but this is the noun corresponding to laica: "acuteness, keenness of perception". The conceptual validity of both laica and laicë with these meanings may however be questioned, since laica is the adjective "green" in later sources: laicë would then be expected to mean *"greenness".) FINE PIERCED HOLE terra –Silm:434, LT1:255, LT2:337, LAIK, VT46:18 -
5 POOL
nendë, linya, ailin (lake), ringwë (cold lake). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the last word is cited as "ringe", but according to VT46:11, ringwë is the proper reading. DEEP POOL lón, lónë (pl. lóni given) (river-[?feeding] well), POOL OF LILIES nénuvar –NEN, LIN, AY, RINGI, VT48:28, LT1:248 -
6 LOOSE
lenca- (in the printed Etymologies, the n of this word was misread as u, VT45:27), lehta- (slacken). LET LOOSE sen- (let go, free) –LEK, VT43:18 -
7 PLACE
\#nómë (isolated from nómesseron, compound "of place-names", VT42:17). In Etym the word for "place" is men, though this word would clash with the dative pronoun *men "to/for us"; \#nómë may be preferred not only for clarity but also because it is apparently present in the LotR itself in the word sinomë "in this place" (Elendil's Oath); –nomë would be the compound form of nómë. It also occurs in tanomë “in the place (referred to)”. STONY PLACE sarnë (gloss misread as "strong place" in the Etymologies as printed in LR, see VT46:12). AT BACK OF PLACE, see BEHIND. Verb WISH TO GO TO A PLACE mína- (desire to go in some direction, make for it, have some end in view) –VT42:17, MEN, LotR:1003, SD:56, VT49:11, SAR, VT39:11 -
8 DAY
aurë (sunlight; Etym gives arë, ari- instead). The word aurë is defined as “a day (of light), a day of special meaning or festival”; allative aurenna “upon the day” (VT49:45). Cf. also: arya (= 12 daylight hours; notice however that the word arya is assigned other meanings in late material), ré (= 24 hours, counted from sunset to sunset, allative rénna in VT49:45), sana (= also 24 hours, but this “Qenya” term clashes with a later demonstrative “that”), DAYTIME arië, EARLY DAY †amaurëa (dawn), DAYLIGHT: LT1:254 gives calma, but this word is defined "lamp" in LotR. LAST DAY OF YEAR quantien, FIRST DAY (meaning obscure, possibly first day of year) minyen. (In the entry YEN of the Etymologies as printed in LR, minyen is seemingly glossed both "first day" and "first year", but according to VT46:23, only "first day" is correct.) DAYSPRING tuilë –AR1/VT45:6, Silm:229/234/439, LotR:1141, LT1:250, MC:223, YEN -
9 GLITTER
(vb) mirilya-; GLITTERING rilya (in the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word also seemed to be glossed "brilliance", but according to VT46:11, this gloss properly refers to another word), GLITTERING LIGHT rilma; GLITTERING REFLECTION (from jewels, glass, polished metals, or water) nalta (radiance – alata in Silm:433 is the Telerin form. In PM:347, nalta is spelt with initial ñ, that is, ng. Initial ng had become n in Third Age Quenya, and I follow the system of LotR and transcribe it accordingly. But if this word is written in Tengwar, the initial n should be transcribed with the letter noldo, not númen.) –MBIRIL, RIL/VT46:11, PM:347 -
10 WATER
nén (nen-) (LT1:262 also has linquë, but this word has other meanings in Tolkien’s later Quenya), WATER-FALL – LT1:249 gives axa, but this is probably obsoleted by axa "narrow path" in Etym; WATERY *nenda (wet – in the Etymologies as printed in LR, nenda seemed to be a Quenya word, but according to VT46:3 it actually appears as a primitive form nendā in Tolkien's manuscript; the Quenya form would still be *nenda, but it is unattested). WATER-MEAD, WATERED PLAIN nanda; WATER-LOVERS Nendili (used of the Lindar), WATER-VESSEL calpa; DRAW WATER calpa- (scoop out, bale out); ISSUE OF WATER ehtelë (fountain, spring, also cehtelë, see FOUNTAIN), WATER FALLING OUT SWIFTLY FROM A ROCKY SPRING celussë (freshet), YELLOW WATER-LILY nénu –NEN, WJ:410, NAD, KALPA, KEL, UT:426, LT1:248 -
11 YEAR
loa (lit. "growth"), coranar (lit. "sun-round", used when the year was considered more or less astronomically – but loa is stated to be the more usual word for "year"). The pl. coranári is attested (PM:126). LONG-YEAR yén (pl. yéni is attested in Nam; the Etymologies as printed in LR cite the stem-form as yen-, but according to VT46:22 Tolkien's manuscript actually has the pl. form yéni as in Nam). A "long-year" is a period of 144 solar years, an Elvish "century" – the Eldar used duodecimal counting, in which 144 is the first three-digit number, like our 100. But sometimes it seems that yén simply means "year". Cf the following words: LAST YEAR yenya, HAVING MANY YEARS linyenwa (old), *RECKONING OF YEARS Yénonótië –LotR:1141, YEN, MR:51 -
12 SHOE
hyapat –SKYAP (Note: In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word hyapat is glossed "shore", but according to http://www.elvish.org/errata/VT-Errata.pdf, the proper reading of the gloss found in Tolkien's manuscript is "shoe".) -
13 SHORE
falas (falass-), falassë (beach, line of surf, "especially one [i.e. a shore] exposed to great waves and breakers", VT42:15), fára (beach). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word hyapat is glossed "shore", but according to http://www.elvish.org/errata/VT-Errata.pdf, the proper reading of the gloss found in Tolkien's manuscript is "shoe". SHORE-PIPER, SHORELAND PIPER Solosimpë (pl Solosimpi is attested) –LT1:253, VT42:15, Silm:431, VT46:15, SKYAP, LT1:251, 265 -
14 STRONG
tulca (firm, immoveable, steadfast. Note: there is a homophone meaning "fix, set up, establish"), STRONG (physically) polda (burley). STRONG/SWIFT AT RUNNING nórima. In the Etymologies as printed in LR, the word sarnë is glossed "strong place" (entry SAR), but according to VT46:12, the gloss should actually read "stony place". –TULUK, POL, VT49:29 -
15 COLD
(adj) ringa (so in MC:222 and LT1:265; Etym has ringë, stem *ringi-), (damp, chilly), yelwa (but this is glossed "loathsome" elsewhere). IT IS COLD Ringa ná (VT49:23). COLD (noun?) niquë, also vb niquë- "it is cold, it freezes"; COLD POOL OR LAKE (in mountains) ringwë (in the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word is cited as "ringe", but according to VT46:11, ringwë is the proper reading), BE COLD, CHILL (of weather) nicu- –MC:222, RINGI/VT46:11, LT1:260, WJ:417 -
16 LAKE
ailin (pool) (LT2:339 also has ailo), ringwë (cold lake, pool [in mountains]). In the Etymologies as printed in LR, this word is cited as "ringe", but according to VT46:11, ringwë is the proper reading. –AY/LT2:339, RINGI/VT46:11 -
17 WET
mixa, linquë (obsoleting liquin in LT1:262, but in later Quenya, linquë also means “hyacinth” or *”grass, reed”), *nenda (watery – in the Etymologies as printed in LR, nenda seemed to be a Quenya word, but according to VT46:3 it actually appears as a primitive form nendā in Tolkien's manuscript; the Quenya form would still be *nenda, but it is unattested.) –MISK, NEN, LINKWI -
18 SPINE
ecco (In the Etymologies as printed in LR, entry EK/EKTE, this word and its "Noldorin"/Sindarin cognate ech are glossed "spear", but according to VT45:12, this is a misreading for "spine" in Tolkien's manuscript.)
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