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21 middle-class
الطَّبَقَة الوُسْطَى \ middle-class: of the middle classes of society. -
22 middle person
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23 the
أَدَاة التعريف (أل) \ the: used with a noun naming sb. or sth. that is already known; used like this with the pronoun one: I want that book. Which book? The book (or The one) that you promised to lend me. \ أَلْ (أداة التعريف) \ the: used with a noun, naming sb. or sth. that is already known; used like this with the pronoun one: I want that book. Which book? The book (or The one) that you promised to lend me., Used also with the names of some countries or areas: the Sudan; the Middle East. -
24 middle foot
■ One of three subdivisions of the foot, between the ankle and the metatarsals.Syn. midfoot■ Bereich zwischen dem Fersen- bzw. Sprungbein und den Zehenknochen. -
25 middle tier
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26 middle age
the years between youth and old age:مُتَوَسِّط العُمْر، كُهولَهShe is well into middle age.
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27 middle management
HRthe position held by managers considered neither senior nor junior in an organization. Middle managers were subject to delayering and downsizing in the 1980s as organizations sought to reduce costs by removing the layer of managers between those who had direct interface with customers and senior decision makers. -
28 Middle Ages
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29 middle price
(U.K.) Fina price, halfway between the bid price and the offer price, that is generally quoted in the press and on information screens -
30 Middle East
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31 Middle East, Southern Asia and Africa South of the Sahara
Military: MEAFSAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Middle East, Southern Asia and Africa South of the Sahara
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32 middle of the road
Abbreviation: MORУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > middle of the road
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33 middle-of-the-line merchandise
товар среднего качества, добротный товарАнгло-русский словарь промышленной и научной лексики > middle-of-the-line merchandise
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34 Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus)
SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy[br]b. c. 23 AD Como, Italyd. 25 August 79 AD near Pompeii, Italy[br]Roman encyclopedic writer on the natural world.[br]Pliny was well educated in Rome, and for ten years or so followed a military career with which he was able to combine literary work, writing especially on historical subjects. He completed his duties c. 57 AD and concentrated on writing until he resumed his official career in 69 AD with administrative duties. During this last phase he began work on his only extant work, the thirty-seven "books" of his Historia Naturalis (Natural History), each dealing with a broad subject such as astronomy, geography, mineralogy, etc. His last post was the command of the fleet based at Misenum, which came to an end when he sailed too near Vesuvius during the eruption that engulfed Pompeii and he was overcome by the fumes.Pliny developed an insatiable curiosity about the natural world. Unlike the Greeks, the Romans made few original contributions to scientific thought and observation, but some made careful compilations of the learning and observations of Greek scholars. The most notable and influential of these was the Historia Naturalis. To the ideas about the natural world gleaned from earlier Greek authors, he added information about natural history, mineral resources, crafts and some technological processes, such as the extraction of metals from their ores, reported to him from the corners of the Empire. He added a few observations of his own, noted during travels on his official duties. Not all the reports were reliable, and the work often presents a tangled web of fact and fable. Gibbon described it as an immense register in which the author has "deposited the discoveries, the arts, and the errors of mankind". Pliny was indefatigable in his relentless note-taking, even dictating to his secretary while dining.During the Dark Ages and early Middle Ages in Western Europe, Pliny's Historia Naturalis was the largest known collection of facts about the natural world and was drawn upon freely by a succession of later writers. Its influence survived the influx into Western Europe, from the twelfth century, of translations of the works of Greek and Arab scholars. After the invention of printing in the middle of the fifteenth century, Pliny was the first work on a scientific subject to be printed, in 1469. Many editions followed and it may still be consulted with profit for its insights into technical knowledge and practice in the ancient world.[br]BibliographyThe standard Latin text with English translation is that edited by H.Rackham et al.(1942– 63, Loeb Classical Library, London: Heinemann, 10 vols). The French version is by A.Further ReadingThe editions mentioned above include useful biographical and other details. For special aspects of Pliny, see K.C.Bailey, 1929–32, The Elder Pliny's Chapters on Chemical Subjects, London, 2 vols.LRDBiographical history of technology > Pliny the Elder (Gaius Plinius Secundus)
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35 Cape Verde Islands, Archipelago Of The
Consisting of 10 main islands (Santiago, Maio, Boa Vista, Sal, Fogo, São Vicente, São Nicolau, Brava, Santo Antão, and Santa Luzia), the archipelago was sighted first by a Venetian navigator in Portuguese service, Alvise de Cá da Mosto, in the late 1450s. The islands' area is about 4,030 square kilometers (1,557 square miles). Prince Henry the Navigator gave the task of colonizing the islands to the Genovese António da Noli. Actual settlement began only in 1463, under King Afonso V. Captain-Donataries were granted charters to colonize and, in 1550, the city of Praia was established on the island of Santiago and became a principal center of activity. Slaves from West Africa were brought to work the islands' plantations, and millet and coconut trees were introduced as staple foods. Following attacks on the islands by French pirates, Portugal created the post of governor of Cape Verde in 1592. Until the middle of the 18th century and the reign of King José I, these islands were governed by the private captaincies. Thereafter, they were ruled directly by the king's representatives.Due to their geography, topography, and climate, the Cape Verde Islands lack good soil for agriculture or minerals and frequently suffer long, periodic droughts. The result of this, and until recently sparse Portuguese investment, has been that the islands have one of the poorest economies in the world. Emigration to work abroad has often been the only alternative for survival. As a result, large overseas communities of Cape Verdeans reside and work in the United States (especially in the eastern states of Rhode Island and Massachusetts) and in Portugal. In July 1975, Portugal granted independence to the Cape Verde Islands, now a republic.Historical dictionary of Portugal > Cape Verde Islands, Archipelago Of The
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36 not available for fucking, meaning straight men (the original meaning of the abbreviation)
General subject: naff (from Polari, a secret language of gay men in Britain in the middle of the 20th century)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > not available for fucking, meaning straight men (the original meaning of the abbreviation)
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37 ringing in the ear
■ Sensation of a ringing, roaring, or buzzing sound in the ears or head, which is often associated with various forms of hearing impairment and may be caused in football by a middle/inner ear trauma as a result from direct impact.Syn. ringing in the earTinnitus m■ Hörempfindungen unterschiedlicher Art, die nicht von einer Schallquelle außerhalb des Menschen verursacht werden. -
38 Commander-in-Chief, Middle East/ Southern Asia and Africa South of the Sahara
Military: CINCMEAFSAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Commander-in-Chief, Middle East/ Southern Asia and Africa South of the Sahara
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39 Conference on Security & Co-operation in the Mediterranean & Middle East
Abbreviation: CSCMУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Conference on Security & Co-operation in the Mediterranean & Middle East
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40 Rollings Middle School of the Arts
School: RMSAУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > Rollings Middle School of the Arts
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