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121 Κέρβερος
Grammatical information: m.Meaning: `name of the dog that guarded hell' (Hes. 311, where he has fifty heads). -Origin: PG [a word of Pre-Greek origin]X [probably]Etymology: No etym. Since long connected with Skt. karbara-, śárvara- `spotted', as adj. śabála- of the two dogs of the lower world (RV. 10, 14, 10). Doubted by Mayrhofer KEWA s. karbaraḥ, where for the Skt. word, after Kuiper, Austro-Asiatic origin is considered (s. also III 297). So it has nothing to do with the Greek word. - After Pisani Riv. degli studi or. 18, 91f. Κέρβερος and śabála- are of Mediterranean origin. (Von Wilamowitz Glaube 1, 314 n. considers Κέρβερος as the creation of a poet; "man hört in ihm das Knurren eines bissigen Köters", which nobody accepted.) The old connection in Pok. 578. Lincoln ( JIES 7, 1979, 273-285) follows Schlerath, who showed that there were two hellhounds in the IE conception; this is most clear in Armenian, where Spitak `white' is the dog of life, Siaw `black' the dog of death. He ends with unfounded speculations. He may come from the East, but we have no evidence. He may as well be Pre-Greek, but I see no indication for it.Page in Frisk: 1,828-829Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > Κέρβερος
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122 בוצין
בּוּצִין(בּוֹצִין) בּוּצִינָא m. (fr. בוץ to shine; orig. a plur. of בּוּצָא) 1) wicks; v. בּוּצָא.In gen. candle, lamp, light. Targ. 1 Sam. 3:3; a. e.Cant. R. to III, 4 (expl. Is. 21:5) אקימת מנרתא אדליקת ב׳ thou hast put up the lamp, lighted the wicks. Sabb.30a לכבות ב׳ דנורא to put out a lamp (Ms. M. omits דנורא).Snh.14a ב׳ דנהורא bright light (wise man). Gen. R. s. 85 (play on שוע, Gen. 38:2, v. שַׁעֲוָה) ב׳ דאתרא the light of the town (leader); a. fr.Pl. בֹּוצִינַיָּא. Targ. Ex. 30:7 sq.; a. e. 2) (in Bab. dialect; cmp. בטי) a young pumpkin, contrad. to קרא the full-grown one. Ber.48a (prov.) ב׳ ב׳ מקיניה ידיע Ar. a. Rashi (ed. מקטפיה; Ms. M. בוצינא מקיטפיה ידע, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) the young pumpkin is known by its shaft (by what oozes out of it, מקיטפיה), i. e. the future scholar is recognized by his utterings in childhood. Succ.56b a young pumpkin (now) is better than a large one (later); (differ. in Tosaf. a. l.); a. e.Pl. בֹּוצִינַיָּא, בֹּוצִינֵי. Targ. O. Num. 11:5.Ned.66b (a misunderstanding of בוציני betw. a Babylonian husband and a Palestinean wife). Yoma 78a מצטנן בב׳ Ms. M. (ed. בינוקא) cooled his hands with young pumpkins.Meg.12a sq. (prov.) איהו בקריוכ׳ (Var. בי וכו׳; Sot.10a בי קאריוכ׳) the husband between the old pumpkins, his wife between the young ones, i. e. a faithless husband makes a faithless wife. 3) (from its shape) ב׳ דריחייא the pivot (Rashi); the hole (socket) in the lower millstone (Ar.). Pes.94b (Var. סדנא). -
123 בּוּצִין
בּוּצִין(בּוֹצִין) בּוּצִינָא m. (fr. בוץ to shine; orig. a plur. of בּוּצָא) 1) wicks; v. בּוּצָא.In gen. candle, lamp, light. Targ. 1 Sam. 3:3; a. e.Cant. R. to III, 4 (expl. Is. 21:5) אקימת מנרתא אדליקת ב׳ thou hast put up the lamp, lighted the wicks. Sabb.30a לכבות ב׳ דנורא to put out a lamp (Ms. M. omits דנורא).Snh.14a ב׳ דנהורא bright light (wise man). Gen. R. s. 85 (play on שוע, Gen. 38:2, v. שַׁעֲוָה) ב׳ דאתרא the light of the town (leader); a. fr.Pl. בֹּוצִינַיָּא. Targ. Ex. 30:7 sq.; a. e. 2) (in Bab. dialect; cmp. בטי) a young pumpkin, contrad. to קרא the full-grown one. Ber.48a (prov.) ב׳ ב׳ מקיניה ידיע Ar. a. Rashi (ed. מקטפיה; Ms. M. בוצינא מקיטפיה ידע, v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note) the young pumpkin is known by its shaft (by what oozes out of it, מקיטפיה), i. e. the future scholar is recognized by his utterings in childhood. Succ.56b a young pumpkin (now) is better than a large one (later); (differ. in Tosaf. a. l.); a. e.Pl. בֹּוצִינַיָּא, בֹּוצִינֵי. Targ. O. Num. 11:5.Ned.66b (a misunderstanding of בוציני betw. a Babylonian husband and a Palestinean wife). Yoma 78a מצטנן בב׳ Ms. M. (ed. בינוקא) cooled his hands with young pumpkins.Meg.12a sq. (prov.) איהו בקריוכ׳ (Var. בי וכו׳; Sot.10a בי קאריוכ׳) the husband between the old pumpkins, his wife between the young ones, i. e. a faithless husband makes a faithless wife. 3) (from its shape) ב׳ דריחייא the pivot (Rashi); the hole (socket) in the lower millstone (Ar.). Pes.94b (Var. סדנא). -
124 כתּ
כַּתְּc. (כָּתַת) band, party, class. Pes.V, 7 כת ראשונה the first division. Ib. של כ׳ שלישית those of the third division; a. v. fr.Kel. XXV, 4 של כת קודמין הואוכ׳ this belongs to the class of things of which you cannot tell which was first; may be the one-quart measure is the lower side of the half-quart measure (Maim.; for oth. explan., v. comment.); (ed. Dehr. של בת, Ar. שלחת, Var. שלבת, Mus. שלכב, Bart. שלות).Pl. כִּתִּים, כִּתִּין, כִּתּוֹת, כִּי׳. Y.Taan.II, 65d top ארבע כ׳ נעשווכ׳ our ancestors at the Red Sea were divided into four parties (opinions); Mekh. Bshall.s.2. Gen. R. s. 8 נעשומה״ש כ׳ כ׳ the ministering angels formed parties (of divided opinions concerning the creation of man). Shebu.47b; B. Bath.31b שתי כִּיּתֵּי עדים two sets of witnesses. Lev. R. s. 9 כ׳ כ׳ של ליסטים bands of (captured) robbers (rebels). Midr. Till. to Ps. 40:7; Yalk. ib. 656 שבע כ׳ הןוכ׳ there are seven classes of people who will (after death) be admitted into the presence of the Ever-living. Ib. אלו שבע כ׳ של צדיקים these are the seven classes of righteous men. Sabb.104a (v. א״ל) ט״ר י״ש כ״ת טר יש לי כ׳ כ׳וכ׳ wait, I have many classes of gentiles ; a. fr. -
125 כַּתְּ
כַּתְּc. (כָּתַת) band, party, class. Pes.V, 7 כת ראשונה the first division. Ib. של כ׳ שלישית those of the third division; a. v. fr.Kel. XXV, 4 של כת קודמין הואוכ׳ this belongs to the class of things of which you cannot tell which was first; may be the one-quart measure is the lower side of the half-quart measure (Maim.; for oth. explan., v. comment.); (ed. Dehr. של בת, Ar. שלחת, Var. שלבת, Mus. שלכב, Bart. שלות).Pl. כִּתִּים, כִּתִּין, כִּתּוֹת, כִּי׳. Y.Taan.II, 65d top ארבע כ׳ נעשווכ׳ our ancestors at the Red Sea were divided into four parties (opinions); Mekh. Bshall.s.2. Gen. R. s. 8 נעשומה״ש כ׳ כ׳ the ministering angels formed parties (of divided opinions concerning the creation of man). Shebu.47b; B. Bath.31b שתי כִּיּתֵּי עדים two sets of witnesses. Lev. R. s. 9 כ׳ כ׳ של ליסטים bands of (captured) robbers (rebels). Midr. Till. to Ps. 40:7; Yalk. ib. 656 שבע כ׳ הןוכ׳ there are seven classes of people who will (after death) be admitted into the presence of the Ever-living. Ib. אלו שבע כ׳ של צדיקים these are the seven classes of righteous men. Sabb.104a (v. א״ל) ט״ר י״ש כ״ת טר יש לי כ׳ כ׳וכ׳ wait, I have many classes of gentiles ; a. fr. -
126 עליון
עֶלְיוֹןm. (b. h.; עָלָה) uppermost, highest; most high. B. Mets. X, 2 הע׳ the owner of the upper story, v. מַעֲזִיבָה. Y.Bicc.II, 64d bot. (ref. to הקדש, Deut. 26:13) הקודש הע׳ במשמע if refers to the sacred matter mentioned above (first-fruits, ib. 2, sq.). Maasr. V, 8 זרע לוף הע׳ the seed-capsules on the tops of lof (v. לוֹף), expl. Y. ib. 52a bot., v. סָלַל I; a. fr. Fem. עֶלְיוֹנָה. Tanḥ. Tsav 1 (play on עוֹלָה) שהיא ע׳וכ׳ it is the highest of all sacrifices. B. Bath.64a דיוטא הע׳ the upper story. B. Mets.77b יד לוקח על הע׳ the buyer is at an advantage, has the choice between annulling and insisting on the bargain, opp. על התחתונה, v. יָד.Lev. R. s. 24, beg. (ref. to Ps. 92:9) לעולם ידך בע׳ thy power is always uppermost, i. e. is always submitted to, whether thou blessest or punishest; Yalk. Ps. 843 על הע׳; Y.Ber.IX, 14b על הע׳, לע׳; a. fr.Pl. עֶלְיוֹנִים, עֶלְיוֹנִין; f. עֶלְיוֹנוֹת. Ib. 14a top המים הע׳ the waters from above the earth; a. fr.Esp. עליונים heavenly creatures, angels. Lev. R. s. 9 בראשון ברא מן הע׳וכ׳ on the first he created heavenly and earthly things ; בראו מן הע׳וכ׳ he created man so as to make him partake of the nature of the upper creatures and of that of the lower; a. fr. -
127 עֶלְיוֹן
עֶלְיוֹןm. (b. h.; עָלָה) uppermost, highest; most high. B. Mets. X, 2 הע׳ the owner of the upper story, v. מַעֲזִיבָה. Y.Bicc.II, 64d bot. (ref. to הקדש, Deut. 26:13) הקודש הע׳ במשמע if refers to the sacred matter mentioned above (first-fruits, ib. 2, sq.). Maasr. V, 8 זרע לוף הע׳ the seed-capsules on the tops of lof (v. לוֹף), expl. Y. ib. 52a bot., v. סָלַל I; a. fr. Fem. עֶלְיוֹנָה. Tanḥ. Tsav 1 (play on עוֹלָה) שהיא ע׳וכ׳ it is the highest of all sacrifices. B. Bath.64a דיוטא הע׳ the upper story. B. Mets.77b יד לוקח על הע׳ the buyer is at an advantage, has the choice between annulling and insisting on the bargain, opp. על התחתונה, v. יָד.Lev. R. s. 24, beg. (ref. to Ps. 92:9) לעולם ידך בע׳ thy power is always uppermost, i. e. is always submitted to, whether thou blessest or punishest; Yalk. Ps. 843 על הע׳; Y.Ber.IX, 14b על הע׳, לע׳; a. fr.Pl. עֶלְיוֹנִים, עֶלְיוֹנִין; f. עֶלְיוֹנוֹת. Ib. 14a top המים הע׳ the waters from above the earth; a. fr.Esp. עליונים heavenly creatures, angels. Lev. R. s. 9 בראשון ברא מן הע׳וכ׳ on the first he created heavenly and earthly things ; בראו מן הע׳וכ׳ he created man so as to make him partake of the nature of the upper creatures and of that of the lower; a. fr. -
128 קרע
קָרַע(b. h.) to tear, split; esp. to rend the garment in mourning. Kel. XVI, 5 עד שיִקְרְעֶנּוּ (Mish. ed. שיַקְרִיעֶנּוּ Hif.) until he tears the bale open. M. Kat. 22b על כל … אינו קוֹרֵעַ אלא עליון for all dead (except parents) … one must rend only the upper garment. Ib. האשה קוֹרַעַתוכ׳ a woman (mourning for her parents) rends the lower garment and puts it back in its place, and then rends the upper garment. Snh.60a אחד השומע … חייב לִקְרוֹעַ both he that hears a blasphemy directly, and he that hears it from one that heard it (and reports as witness before court) must rend his garment; a. v. fr.Part. pass. קָרוּעַ; pl. קְרוּעִים, קְרוּעִין. M. Kat. 26b היוצא בבגד ק׳וכ׳ he that marches before a corpse with a garment rent (for a previous case) robs (deceives) the dead and the living. Ib. a (ref. to 2 Kings 2:12) ק׳ ועומדים לשנים remaining always rent in two; ib. 22b (v. Rabb. D. S. a. l. note 4); Snh. l. c.; a. fr. Pi. קֵרֵעַ 1) same. M. Kat. 26b ואין מְקָרְעִין בפניו you must not rend your garment in his (the sick mans) presence. Ib. מקרעין לקטןוכ׳ we rend a minors garment in order to make him feel sad; ib. 14b. R. Hash. 16b ארבעה … מקרעין גזרוכ׳ four things cause an evil decree passed on man to be torn (cancelled), they are: charity, prayer ; a. fr. 2) (cmp. גָּרַע) to scrape, to mark the outlines of letters by abrasion. Gitt.19b עדים … מקרעין להםוכ׳ for witnesses that know not how to sign their names, grooves are made on blank paper, and they fill the grooves out with ink; ib. 9b; Y. ib. II, 44b top ומְקָרֵעַ; (Tosaf. to Gitt.9b: you cut the names out on blank paper and put it on the document, and the witnesses fill the cuts out) Tosef.Sabb.XI (XII), 8, contrad. fr. ושם; a. e. Nif. נִקְרַע to be torn; to be cut open, be operated upon by a section. Yeb.VIII, 6, a. e. טומטוםשנ׳, v. טוּמְטוּם. Bekh.42b שמא יִקָּרֵעַוכ׳ he may have an operation performed, and be found a eunuch; Tosef.Yeb.XI, 1; Yeb.83b. B. Bath. 168b נ׳ פסול נִתְקָרֵעַ כשר if a document is found torn, it is invalid; if it appears torn by accident, it is valid as evidence; ib. נ׳ קֶרַע של בית דין נתק׳וכ׳ miḳrʿa refers to the rent as made in court for cancellation, nithḳareʿa refers to a rent different from the manner customary in court; Y.Gitt.II, 44b; a. e. Nithpa. נִתְקָרֵעַ to become torn, v. supra.
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