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21 Vectis
1.vectis, is (acc. vectim, Varr. L. L. 5, 32, 153; abl. vecti, Prisc. p. 766; Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 469), m. [vectigal], a strong pole or bar; esp.,1.A lever:2.saxa quam maxima possunt vectibus promovent,
Caes. B. C. 2, 11; 3, 40; Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 19.—In a trial of strength:(Pompeius) cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis vecte certabat,
Sall. H. 2, 11 dub. Dietsch N. cr. —For moving machines, a handspike, Vitr. 6, 9.—3.For carrying, a carryingpole, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 571.—4.For breaking up or tearing down any thing, a crow, crow-bar:5.demoliri signum ac vectibus labefactare conantur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; Caes. B. C. 2, 11:cum vecti,
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; Hor. C. 3, 26, 7:vecte in pectus adacto,
Ov. M. 12, 452.—For fastening a door, a bar, bolt:2.cum ad eum (conjectorem) retulisset quasi ostentum, quod anguis domi vectem circumjectus fuisset: tum esset, inquit, ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; Verg. A. 7, 609; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 125.Vectis, is, f., an island south of Britain, now the Isle of Wight, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 130; Suet. Vesp. 4.—Also called Vec-ta, f., Eutr 7, 19. -
22 vectis
1.vectis, is (acc. vectim, Varr. L. L. 5, 32, 153; abl. vecti, Prisc. p. 766; Serv. ad Verg. A. 9, 469), m. [vectigal], a strong pole or bar; esp.,1.A lever:2.saxa quam maxima possunt vectibus promovent,
Caes. B. C. 2, 11; 3, 40; Cic. N. D. 1, 8, 19.—In a trial of strength:(Pompeius) cum alacribus saltu, cum velocibus cursu, cum validis vecte certabat,
Sall. H. 2, 11 dub. Dietsch N. cr. —For moving machines, a handspike, Vitr. 6, 9.—3.For carrying, a carryingpole, Claud. IV. Cons. Hon. 571.—4.For breaking up or tearing down any thing, a crow, crow-bar:5.demoliri signum ac vectibus labefactare conantur,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 43, § 94; Caes. B. C. 2, 11:cum vecti,
Ter. Eun. 4, 7, 4; Hor. C. 3, 26, 7:vecte in pectus adacto,
Ov. M. 12, 452.—For fastening a door, a bar, bolt:2.cum ad eum (conjectorem) retulisset quasi ostentum, quod anguis domi vectem circumjectus fuisset: tum esset, inquit, ostentum, si anguem vectis circumplicavisset,
Cic. Div. 2, 28, 62; Verg. A. 7, 609; Plin. 7, 56, 57, § 125.Vectis, is, f., an island south of Britain, now the Isle of Wight, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 130; Suet. Vesp. 4.—Also called Vec-ta, f., Eutr 7, 19. -
23 האי ווייט
Isle of Wight, island in the English Channel south of the city of Portsmouth -
24 Fox, Uffa
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 15 January 1898 Cowes, Isle of Wight, Englandd. 27 October 1972 Isle of Wight (?), England[br]English yacht designer.[br]Coming from a family that had originated in East Anglia, his first name was that of an early British king and was to typify his unusual and refreshing zest for life. Fox commenced his professional career as an apprentice with the flying boat and high-speed craft builders Messrs S.E.Saunders, and shortly after the outbreak of the First World War he was conscripted into the Royal Naval Air Service. In 1920 he made his first transatlantic crossing under sail, a much greater adventure then than now, and returned to the United Kingdom as deck-hand on a ship bound for Liverpool. He was to make the crossing under sail twice more. Shortly after his marriage in 1925, he purchased the old Floating Bridge at Cowes and converted it to living accommodation, workshops and drawing offices. By the 1930s his life's work was in full swing, with designs coming off his drawing board for some of the most outstanding mass-produced craft ever built, as well as for some remarkable one-off yachts. His experimentation with every kind of sailing craft, and even with the Eskimo kayak, gave him the knowledge and experience that made his name known worldwide. During the Second World War he designed and produced the world's first airborne parachuted lifeboat. Despite what could be described as a robust lifestyle, coupled with interests in music, art and horseriding, Fox continued to produce great designs and in the late 1940s he introduced the Firefly, followed by the beautiful Flying Fifteen class of racing keel boats. One of his most unusual vessels was Britannia, the 24 ft (7.3 m) waterline craft that John Fairfax was to row across the Atlantic. Later came Britannia II, which Fairfax took across the Pacific![br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCBE 1959. Royal Designer to Industry (RDI).BibliographyFox produced a series of yachting books, most first published in the late 1930s, and some more lighthearted volumes of reminiscences in the 1960s. Some of the best-known titles are: Sail and Power, Racing and Cruising Design, Uffa Fox's Second Book and The Crest of the Wave.Further ReadingJ.Dixon, 1978, Uffa Fox. A Personal Biography, Brighton: Angus \& Robertson.FMW -
25 eiland
♦voorbeelden:op het eiland Man/Wight • on the Isle of Man/Wightop het eiland Walcheren • on the island of Walcherende Britse eilanden • the British Islesop een eiland wonen • live on an island -
26 Russell, John Scott
SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping[br]b. 9 May 1808 Parkhead, near Glasgow, Scotlandd. 8 June 1882 Isle of Wight, England[br]Scottish engineer, naval architect and academic.[br]A son of the manse, Russell was originally destined for the Church and commenced studies at the University of St Andrews, but shortly afterwards he transferred to Glasgow, graduating MA in 1825 when only 17 years old. He began work as a teacher in Edinburgh, working up from a school to the Mechanics Institute and then in 1832 to the University, where he took over the classes in natural philosophy following the death of the professor. During this period he designed and advised on the application of steam power to road transport and to the Forth and Clyde Canal, thereby awakening his interest in ships and naval architecture.Russell presented papers to the British Association over several years, and one of them, The Wave Line Theory of Ship Form (although now superseded), had great influence on ship designers of the time and helped to establish the formal study of hydromechanics. With a name that was becoming well known, Russell looked around for better opportunities, and on narrowly missing appointment to the Chair of Mathematics at Edinburgh University he joined the upand-coming Clyde shipyard of Caird \& Co., Greenock, as Manager in 1838.Around 1844 Russell and his family moved to London; following some business problems he was in straitened circumstances. However, appointment as Secretary to the Committee setting up the Great Exhibition of 1851 eased his path into London's intellectual society and allowed him to take on tasks such as, in 1847, the purchase of Fairbairn's shipyard on the Isle of Dogs and the subsequent building there of I.K. Brunel's Great Eastern steamship. This unhappy undertaking was a millstone around the necks of Brunel and Russell and broke the health of the former. With the yard failing to secure the order for HMS Warrior, the Royal Navy's first ironclad, Russell pulled out of shipbuilding and for the remainder of his life was a designer, consultant and at times controversial, but at all times polished and urbane, member of many important committees and societies. He is remembered as one of the founders of the Institution of Naval Architects in 1860. His last task was to design a Swiss Lake steamer for Messrs Escher Wyss, a company that coincidentally had previously retained Sir William Fairbairn.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1847.BibliographyJohn Scott Russell published many papers under the imprint of the British Association, the Royal Society of Arts and the Institution of Naval Architects. His most impressive work was the mammoth three-volume work on shipbuilding published in London in 1865 entitled The Modern System of Naval Architecture. Full details and plans of the Great Eastern are included.Further ReadingG.S.Emmerson, 1977, John Scott Russell, a Great Victorian Engineer and Naval Architect, London: MurrayFMW -
27 Boxer, Major-General Edward Mourrier
SUBJECT AREA: Weapons and armour[br]b. February 1822d. 11 January 1897 Isle of Wight, England[br]English Ammunition designer and inventor of the brass, fully obturating cartridge case.[br]Commissioned into the Royal Artillery in 1839, Boxer's flair for the technical aspects of gunnery led to his appointment, at the early age of 33, as Superintendent of the Laboratory at the Royal Arsenal, Woolwich. He was able to devote his attention to the design of more effective shells, cartridges and fuses, with his greatest achievement being the invention, in 1866, of the Boxer cartridge, which had a case made of brass and a percussion cap set into the base. The real significance of the cartridge was that for the first time the chamber could be fully sealed, by way of the propellant gases expanding the case against the chamber wall, with the result that effective weapon range and accuracy could be dramatically increased. His achievement was recognized when Parliament voted a special financial grant, and the Boxer cartridge is still in wide use today. Boxer was promoted Colonel in 1868 and retired the following year as an honorary Major-General.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1858.Bibliography1855, Treatise on Artillery. Prepared for the Use of the Practical Class, Royal Military Academy, London: Eyre \& Spottiswode.1858, Diagrams to Illustrate the Service and Management of Heavy Ordnance Referredto in Treatise on Artillery, London: Eyre \& Spottiswode.CMBiographical history of technology > Boxer, Major-General Edward Mourrier
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28 Hooke, Robert
[br]b. 18 July 1635 Freshwater, Isle of Wight, Englandd. 3 March 1703 London, England[br]English physicist, astronomer and mechanician.[br]Son of Revd John Hooke, minister of the parish, he was a sickly child who was subject to headaches which prevented protracted study. He devoted his time while alone to making mechanical models including a wooden clock. On the death of his father in October 1648 he was left £100 and went to London, where he became a pupil of Sir Peter Lely and then went to Westminster School under Dr Busby. There he learned the classical languages, some Hebrew and oriental languages while mastering six books of Euclid in one week. In 1653 he entered Christ Church College, Oxford, where he graduated MA in 1663, after studying chemistry and astronomy. In 1662 he was appointed Curator of Experiments to the Royal Society and was elected a Fellow in 1663. In 1665 his appointment was made permanent and he was given apartments in Gresham College, where he lived until his death in 1703. He was an indefatigable experimenter, perhaps best known for the invention of the universal joint named after him. The properties of the atmosphere greatly engaged him and he devised many forms of the barometer. He was the first to apply the spiral spring to the regulation of the balance wheel of the watch in an attempt to measure longitude at sea, but he did not publish his results until after Huygens's reinvention of the device in 1675. Several of his "new watches" were made by Thomas Tompion, one of which was presented to King Charles II. He is said to have invented, among other devices, thirty different ways of flying, the first practical system of telegraphy, an odometer, a hearing aid, an arithmetical machine and a marine barometer. Hooke was a small man, somewhat deformed, with long, lank hair, who went about stooped and moved very quickly. He was of a melancholy and mistrustful disposition, ill-tempered and sharp-tongued. He slept little, often working all night and taking a nap during the day. John Aubrey, his near-contemporary, wrote of Hooke, "He is certainly the greatest Mechanick this day in the World." He is said to have been the first to establish the true principle of the arch. His eyesight failed and he was blind for the last year of his life. He is best known for his Micrographia, or some Physiological Descriptions of Minute Bodies, first published in 1665. After the Great Fire of London, he exhibited a model for the rebuilding of the City. This was not accepted, but it did result in Hooke's appointment as one of two City Surveyors. This proved a lucrative post and through it Hooke amassed a fortune of some thousands of pounds, which was found intact after his death some thirty years later. It had never been opened in the interim period. Among the buildings he designed were the new Bethlehem (Bedlam) Hospital, the College of Physicians and Montague House.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFRS 1663; Secretary 1677–82.IMcN -
29 Nash, John
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building[br]b. c. 1752 (?) London, Englandd. 13 May 1835 Cowes, Isle of Wight[br]English architect and town planner.[br]Nash's name is synonymous with the great scheme carried out for his patron, the Prince Regent, in the early nineteenth century: the development of Marylebone Park from 1811 constituted a "garden city" for the wealthy in the centre of London. Although only a part of Nash's great scheme was actually achieved, an immense amount was carried out, comprising the Regent's Park and its surrounding terraces, the Regent's Street, including All Souls' Church, and the Regent's Palace in the Mall. Not least was Nash's exotic Royal Pavilion at Brighton.From the early years of the nineteenth century, Nash and a number of other architects took advantage of the use of structural materials developed as a result of the Industrial Revolution; these included wrought and cast iron and various cements. Nash utilized iron widely in the Regent Street Quadrant, Carlton House Terrace and at the Brighton Pavilion. In the first two of these his iron columns were masonry clad, but at Brighton he unashamedly constructed iron column supports, as in the Royal Kitchen, and his ground floor to first floor cast-iron staircase, in which he took advantage of the malleability of the material to create a "Chinese" bamboo design, was particularly notable. The great eighteenth-century terrace architecture of Bath and much of the later work in London was constructed in stone, but as nineteenth-century needs demanded that more buildings needed to be erected at lower cost and greater speed, brick was used more widely for construction; this was rendered with a cement that could be painted to imitate stone. Nash, in particular, employed this method at Regent's Park and used a stucco made from sand, brickdust, powdered limestone and lead oxide that was suited for exterior work.[br]Further ReadingTerence Davis, 1960, The Architecture of John Nash, Studio.——1966, John Nash: The Prince Regent's Architect, Country Life.Sir John Summerson, 1980, John Nash: Architect to King George IV, Allen \& Unwin.DY
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