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1 the
[ðəˌ ðiː]def art1)the books/children are in the library — książki/dzieci są w bibliotece
2) ( in titles)3) ( in comparisons)the more he works the more he earns — im więcej pracuje, tym więcej zarabia
* * *[ðə, ði](The form [ðə] is used before words beginning with a consonant eg the house or consonant sound eg the union [ðə'ju:njən]; the form [ði] is used before words beginning with a vowel eg the apple or vowel sound eg the honour [ði 'onə]) ten1) (used to refer to a person, thing etc mentioned previously, described in a following phrase, or already known: Where is the book I put on the table?; Who was the man you were talking to?; My mug is the tall blue one; Switch the light off!)2) (used with a singular noun or an adjective to refer to all members of a group etc or to a general type of object, group of objects etc: The horse is running fast.; I spoke to him on the telephone; He plays the piano/violin very well.)3) (used to refer to unique objects etc, especially in titles and names: the Duke of Edinburgh; the Atlantic (Ocean).)4) (used after a preposition with words referring to a unit of quantity, time etc: In this job we are paid by the hour.)5) (used with superlative adjectives and adverbs to denote a person, thing etc which is or shows more of something than any other: He is the kindest man I know; We like him (the) best of all.)6) ((often with all) used with comparative adjectives to show that a person, thing etc is better, worse etc: He has had a week's holiday and looks (all) the better for it.)•- the...- the... -
2 history
['hɪstərɪ]nhistoria f* * *['histəri]plural - histories; noun1) (the study of events etc that happened in the past: She is studying British history; ( also adjective) a history lesson/book.) historia2) (a description usually in writing of past events, ways of life etc: I'm writing a history of Scotland.) historia, dzieje3) ((the description of) the usually interesting events etc associated with (something): This desk/word has a very interesting history.) historia•- historic
- historical
- historically
- make history -
3 natural history
(the study of plants and animals.) przyrodoznawstwo -
4 make history
(to do something very important, especially to be the first to do something: The Wright brothers made history when they were the first to fly an aeroplane.) przejść do historii -
5 epoch
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6 of
[ɔvˌ əv]prep1) ( usu)2) (from, out of) z +gen3) ( about) o +loc4) (indicating source, direction) od +gen* * *[əv]1) (belonging to: a friend of mine.)2) (away from (a place etc); after (a given time): within five miles of London; within a year of his death.) od3) (written etc by: the plays of Shakespeare.) autorstwa...4) (belonging to or forming a group: He is one of my friends.) z5) (showing: a picture of my father.)6) (made from; consisting of: a dress of silk; a collection of pictures.) z7) (used to show an amount, measurement of something: a gallon of petrol; five bags of coal.)8) (about: an account of his work.)9) (containing: a box of chocolates.)10) (used to show a cause: She died of hunger.) z, od11) (used to show a loss or removal: She was robbed of her jewels.) z12) (used to show the connection between an action and its object: the smoking of a cigarette.)13) (used to show character, qualities etc: a man of courage.) pełen..., z...14) ((American) (of time) a certain number of minutes before (the hour): It's ten minutes of three.) przed -
7 papacy
['peɪpəsɪ]npapiestwo nt* * *['peipəsi]1) (the position or power of the pope: The papacy is the central authority of the Roman Catholic church.) papiestwo2) (government by popes: the history of the papacy.) papiestwo -
8 genealogy
[dʒiːnɪ'ælədʒɪ]n* * *[‹i:ni'ælə‹i](-)1) (noun the history of families from generation to generation: the genealogy of the royal house of Tudor.) genealogia2) (a plan, list etc of the ancestors of a person or family.) drzewo genealogiczne•- genealogist -
9 heraldry
['hɛrəldrɪ]n* * *noun (the study of coats of arms, crests etc and of the history of the families who have the right to use them.) heraldyka -
10 geology
[dʒɪ'ɔlədʒɪ]ngeologia f* * *[‹i'olə‹i](the science of the history and development of the Earth as shown by rocks etc: He is studying geology.) geologia- geologically
- geologist -
11 have (something) at one's fingertips
(to know all the details of (a subject) thoroughly: He has the history of the firm at his fingertips.) mieć (coś) w małym palcuEnglish-Polish dictionary > have (something) at one's fingertips
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12 have (something) at one's fingertips
(to know all the details of (a subject) thoroughly: He has the history of the firm at his fingertips.) mieć (coś) w małym palcuEnglish-Polish dictionary > have (something) at one's fingertips
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13 nationalism
['næʃnəlɪzəm]n* * *['næ-]1) (a sense of pride in the history, culture, achievements etc of one's nation.) nacjonalizm2) (the desire to bring the people of one's nation together under their own government.) nacjonalizm -
14 booklet
['buklɪt]n* * *[-lit]noun (a small, thin book: a booklet about the history of the town.) broszura -
15 knowledgeable
['nɔlɪdʒəbl]adj* * *adjective (having a great deal of information: He is very knowledgeable about the history of the city.) zorientowany, znający się -
16 unearth
[ʌn'əːθ]vtskeleton etc wykopywać (wykopać perf); ruins odkopywać (odkopać perf); ( fig) secrets etc wydobywać (wydobyć perf) na światło dzienne* * *(to discover (something) or remove it from a place where it is put away or hidden: During his studies, he unearthed several new facts about the history of the place.) odgrzebać -
17 period
['pɪərɪəd] 1. n( length of time) okres m, czas m; ( era) okres m; ( SCOL) lekcja f; (esp US) ( full stop) kropka f; ( MED) okres m, miesiączka f2. adjstylowy, z epoki postI won't do it. Period. — nie zrobię tego i kropka.
* * *['piəriəd] 1. noun1) (any length of time: a period of three days; a period of waiting.) okres2) (a stage in the Earth's development, an artist's development, in history etc: the Pleistocene period; the modern period.) faza, okres3) (the punctuation mark (.), put at the end of a sentence; a full stop.) kropka2. adjective(of furniture, costumes etc) of or from the same or appropriate time in history; antique or very old: period costumes; His house is full of period furniture (=antique furniture). historyczny, antyczny- periodic- periodically
- periodical 3. adjective(see periodic.) -
18 record
1. ['rɛkɔːd] n( written account) zapis m; ( of meeting) protokół m; ( of attendance) lista f; ( file) akta pl; ( COMPUT, SPORT) rekord m; ( MUS) płyta f; ( history) (of person, company) przeszłość f2. [rɪ'kɔːd] vtevents etc zapisywać (zapisać perf); temperature, speed, time wskazywać; voice, song nagrywać (nagrać perf)3. adjto set/put the record straight ( fig) — prostować (sprostować perf) nieścisłości
he is on record as saying that … — stwierdził publicznie, że…
off the record — statement nieoficjalny; speak nieoficjalnie
* * *1. ['reko:d, -kəd, ]( American[) -kərd] noun1) (a written report of facts, events etc: historical records; I wish to keep a record of everything that is said at this meeting.) zapis, protokół2) (a round flat piece of (usually black) plastic on which music etc is recorded: a record of Beethoven's Sixth Symphony.) płyta gramofonowa3) ((in races, games, or almost any activity) the best performance so far; something which has never yet been beaten: He holds the record for the 1,000 metres; The record for the high jump was broken/beaten this afternoon; He claimed to have eaten fifty sausages in a minute and asked if this was a record; ( also adjective) a record score.) rekord4) (the collected facts from the past of a person, institution etc: This school has a very poor record of success in exams; He has a criminal record.) przeszłość, rejestr2. [rə'ko:d] verb1) (to write a description of (an event, facts etc) so that they can be read in the future: The decisions will be recorded in the minutes of the meeting.) (za)protokołować2) (to put (the sound of music, speech etc) on a record or tape so that it can be listened to in the future: I've recorded the whole concert; Don't make any noise when I'm recording.) nagrać3) ((of a dial, instrument etc) to show (a figure etc) as a reading: The thermometer recorded 30°C yesterday.) (za)rejestrować4) (to give or show, especially in writing: to record one's vote in an election.) zarejestrować•- recorder- recording
- record-player
- in record time
- off the record
- on record -
19 authority
[ɔː'θɔrɪtɪ]n( power) władza f; ( expert) autorytet m; ( government body) administracja f; ( official permission) pozwolenie nt* * *[o:'Ɵorəti]plural - authorities; noun1) (the power or right to do something: He gave me authority to act on his behalf.) pełnomocnictwo, upoważnienie2) (a person who is an expert, or a book that can be referred to, on a particular subject: He is an authority on Roman history.) autorytet3) ((usually in plural) the person or people who have power in an administration etc: The authorities would not allow public meetings.) władze4) (a natural quality in a person which makes him able to control and influence people: a man of authority.) autorytet•- authoritative -
20 chair
[tʃɛə(r)] 1. n( seat) krzesło nt; ( armchair) fotel m; ( at university) katedra f; ( of meeting etc) przewodniczący(-ca) m(f)2. vtprzewodniczyć +datthe chair (US) — krzesło elektryczne
* * *[ eə] 1. noun1) (a movable seat for one person, with a back to it: a table and four chairs.) krzesło2) (the position of a person who is chairman at a meeting etc: Who is in the chair?) przewodniczenie3) (the office of a university professor: He holds the chair of History at this university.) katedra2. verb(to be chairman at (a meeting etc): He chaired the meeting last night.) przewodniczyć- chairman
- chairperson
- chairwoman
- chairmanship
- 1
- 2
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