the+few

(1902-1972)

   Teotónio Pereira was one of the most important political figures in the higher ranks of the Estado Novo, present at the creation of the Estado Novo and, for more than a decade, a potential successor of Prime Minister António de Oliveira Salazar. Born in Lisbon and trained as a mathematician and insurance actuary, Pereira was one of the few Estado Novo high officials to have studied abroad (in Switzerland). At age 31, he was named the first undersecretary of state for corporations and played an important role in the construction of corporativism. He was minister of commerce and industry (1936-37) and, in 1938, was sent to represent Portugal in Generalíssmio Francisco Franco's Spain, the first of a number of top diplomatic posts he served in for the Estado Novo. At various times until he served as minister of the presidency (1958-61), succeeding his rival Marcello Caetano in the post, Teo-tónio Pereira was Portugal's ambassador to Great Britain, Brazil, the North Atlantic Treaty Organization, and the United States.

   One of the most influential personalities of the regime, Teotónio Pereira remained loyal to the aging Salazar throughout the middle and late periods of the Estado Novo (1944-58; 1958-68) and was on the short list of potential successors to Salazar in September 1968. Ill health, age, and the candidacy of Caetano, however, conspired against him. He died in Lisbon in November 1972.

SUBJECT AREA: Automotive engineering, Steam and internal combustion engines

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Robert was the eighth of twelve children of the landlord of a hotel in the village of Albeck. He wanted to be a botanist and zoologist, but at the age of 18 he was apprenticed as a precision mechanic. He travelled widely in the south of Germany, which is unusual for an apprenticeship. In 1884, he went to the USA, where he found employment with Thomas A. Edison and his colleague, the German electrical engineer Siegmund Bergmann. During this period he became interested and involved in the rights of workers.

In 1886 he set up his own workshop in Stuttgart, having spent a short time with Siemens in England. He built up a sound reputation for quality, but the firm outgrew its capital and in 1892 he had to sack nearly all his employees. Fortunately, among the few that he was able to retain were Arnold Zähringer, who later became Manager, and an apprentice, Gottlieb Harold. These two, under Bosch, were responsible for the development of the low-tension (1897) and the high-tension (1902) magneto. They also developed the Bosch sparking plug, again in 1902. The distributor for multi-cylinder engines followed in 1910. These developments, with a strong automotive bias, were stimulated by Bosch's association with Frederick Simms, an Englishman domiciled in Hamburg, who had become a director of Daimler in Canstatt and had secured the UK patent rights of the Daimler engine. Simms went on to invent, in about 1898, a means of varying ignition timing with low-tension magnetos.

It must be emphasized, as pointed out above, that the invention of neither type of magneto was due to Bosch. Nikolaus Otto introduced a crude low-tension magneto in 1884, but it was not patented in Germany, while the high-tension magneto was invented by Paul Winand, a nephew of Otto's partner Eugen Langen, in 1887, this patent being allowed to lapse in 1890.

Bosch's social views were advanced for his time. He introduced an eight-hour day in 1906 and advocated industrial arbitration and free trade, and in 1932 he wrote a book on the prevention of world economic crises, Die Verhütung künftiger Krisen in der Weltwirtschaft. Other industrialists called him the "Red Bosch" because of his short hours and high wages; he is reputed to have replied, "I do not pay good wages because I have a lot of money, I have a lot of money because I pay good wages." The firm exists to this day as the giant multi-national company Robert Bosch GmbH, with headquarters still in Stuttgart.

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SUBJECT AREA: Metallurgy, Weapons and armour

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Fermi was one of the most versatile of twentieth-century physicists, one of the few to excel in both theory and experiment. His greatest theoretical achievements lay in the field of statistics and his theory of beta decay. His statistics, parallel to but independent of Dirac, were the key to the modern theory of metals and the statistical modds of the atomic nucleus. On the experimental side, his most notable discoveries were artificial radioactivity produced by neutron bombardment and the realization of a controlled nuclear chain reaction, in the world's first nuclear reactor.

Fermi received a conventional education with a chemical bias, but reached proficiency in mathematics and physics largely through his own reading. He studied at Pisa University, where he taught himself modern physics and then travelled to extend his knowledge, spending time with Max Born at Göttingen. On his return to Italy, he secured posts in Florence and, in 1927, in Rome, where he obtained the first Italian Chair in Theoretical Physics, a subject in which Italy had so far lagged behind. He helped to bring about a rebirth of physics in Italy and devoted himself to the application of statistics to his model of the atom. For this work, Fermi was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1938, but in December of that year, finding the Fascist regime uncongenial, he transferred to the USA and Columbia University. The news that nuclear fission had been achieved broke shortly before the Second World War erupted and it stimulated Fermi to consider this a way of generating secondary nuclear emission and the initiation of chain reactions. His experiments in this direction led first to the discovery of slow neutrons.

Fermi's work assumed a more practical aspect when he was invited to join the Manhattan Project for the construction of the first atomic bomb. His small-scale work at Columbia became large-scale at Chicago University. This culminated on 2 December 1942 when the first controlled nuclear reaction took place at Stagg Field, Chicago, an historic event indeed. Later, Fermi spent most of the period from September 1944 to early 1945 at Los Alamos, New Mexico, taking part in the preparations for the first test explosion of the atomic bomb on 16 July 1945. President Truman invited Fermi to serve on his Committee to advise him on the use of the bomb. Then Chicago University established an Institute for Nuclear Studies and offered Fermi a professorship, which he took up early in 1946, spending the rest of his relatively short life there.

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SUBJECT AREA: Land transport, Railways and locomotives

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In the early 1860s, most travel in Japan was still by foot and the Japanese were forbidden by their government to travel abroad. Inoue was one of a small group of students who left Japan illegally in 1863 for London. There he studied English, mathematics and science, and afterwards mineralogy and railways. Inoue returned to Japan in 1868, when the new Meiji Government reopened the country to the outside world after some 200 years of isolation. Part of its policy, despite opposition, was to build railways; at Inoue's suggestion, the gauge of 3 ft 6 in. (1.07 m) was adopted. Initially capital, engineers, skilled labour and materials ranging from locomotives to pencils and stationery were all imported from Britain; Edmund Morel was the first Chief Engineer. In 1871 Inoue was appointed Director of the Government Railway Bureau and he became the driving force behind railway development in Japan for more than two decades. The first line, from Tokyo to Yokohama, was opened in 1872, to be followed by others, some of them at first isolated. The number of foreigners employed, most of them British, peaked at 120 in 1877 and then rapidly declined as the Japanese learned to take over their tasks. In 1878, at Inoue's instance, construction of a line entirely by Japanese commenced for the first time, with British engineers as consultants only. It was ten years before Japanese Railways' total route was 70 miles (113 km) long; over the next ten years, this increased to 1,000 miles (1,600 km) and the system continued to grow rapidly. During 1892–3, a locomotive was built in Japan for the first time, under the guidance of Locomotive Superintendent R.F.Trevithick, grandson of the pioneer Richard Trevithick: it was a compound 2–4–2 tank engine, with many parts imported from Britain. Locomotive building in Japan then blossomed so rapidly that imports were discontinued, with rare exceptions, from 1911. Meanwhile Inoue had retired in 1893; he was on a visit to England at the time of his death.

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SUBJECT AREA: Ports and shipping

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After early education at Cupar in Fife, Meek commenced training as a naval architect, taking the then popular sandwich apprenticeship of alternate half years at the University of Glasgow (with a Caird Scholarship) and at a shipyard, in his case the Caledon of Dundee. On leaving Dundee he worked for five years with the British Ship Research Association before joining Alfred Holt \& Co., owners of the Blue Funnel Line. During his twenty-five years at Liverpool, he rose to Chief Naval Architect and Director and was responsible for bringing the cargo-liner concept to its ultimate in design. When the company had become Ocean Fleets, it joined with other British shipowners and looked to Meek for the first purpose-built containership fleet in the world. This required new ship designs, massive worldwide investment in port facilities and marketing to win public acceptance of freight containers, thereby revolutionizing dry-cargo shipping. Under the houseflag of OCL (now POCL), this pioneer service set the highest standards of service and safety and continues to operate on almost every ocean.

In 1979 Meek returned to the shipbuilding industry when he became Head of Technology at British Shipbuilders. Closely involved in contemporary problems of fuel economy and reduced staffing, he held the post for five years before his appointment as Managing Director of the National Maritime Institute. He was deeply involved in the merger with the British Ship Research Association to form British Maritime Technology (BMT), an organization of which he became Deputy Chairman.

Marshall Meek has held many public offices, and is one of the few to have been President of two of the United Kingdom's maritime institutions. He has contributed over forty papers to learned societies, has acted as Visiting Professor to Strathclyde University and University College London, and serves on advisory committees to the Ministry of Defence, the Department of Transport and Lloyd's Register of Shipping. While in Liverpool he served as a Justice of the Peace.

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παράκλητος, ου, ὁ (παρακαλέω) originally meant in the passive sense (BGU 601, 12 [II A.D.] παράκλητος δέδωκα αὐτῷ=‘when I was asked I gave to him’, but π. is restored from παρακλος, and the restoration is uncertain), ‘one who is called to someone’s aid’. Accordingly Latin writers commonly rendered it, in its NT occurrences, with ‘advocatus’ (Tertullian, Prax. 9; Cyprian, De Domin. Orat. 3, Epist. 55, 18; Novatian, De Trin. 28; 29; Hilary, De Trin. 8, 19; Lucifer, De S. Athanas. 2, 26; Augustine, C. Faust. 13, 17, Tract. in Joh. 94; Tractatus Orig. 20 p. 212, 13 Batiffol. Likew. many [Old Latin] Bible mss.: a c e m q J 14:16; a m q 14:26; e q r 15:26; e m q 16:7. Eus., HE 5, 1, 10 παράκλητος=advocatus, Rufinus. Field, Notes 102f; cp. the role of the ‘patronus’ in legal proceedings: J-MDavid, Le patronat judicaire au dernier siècle de la république romaine ’92). But the technical mng. ‘lawyer’, ‘attorney’ is rare (e.g. Bion of Borysthenes [III B.C.] in Diog. L. 4, 50; SEG XXXVIII, 1237, 18 [235/36 A.D.]). Against the legal association: KGrayston, JSNT 13, ’81, 67–82. In the few places where the word is found in pre-Christian and extra-Christian lit. as well it has for the most part a more general sense: one who appears in another’s behalf, mediator, intercessor, helper (Demosth. 19, 1; Dionys. Hal. 11, 37, 1; Heraclit. Sto. 59 p. 80, 19; Cass. Dio 46, 20, 1; POxy 2725, 10 [71 A.D.]; cp. π. as the name of a gnostic aeon Iren. 1, 4, 5 [Harv. I 38, 8]; Hippol.; s. also the comments on 2 Cor 5:20 s.v. παρακαλέω 2). The pass. idea of παρακεκλῆσθαι retreated into the backgound, and the active idea of παρακαλεῖν took its place (on the justification for equating παράκλητος with παρακαλῶν s. Kühner-Bl. II 289). Jews adopted it in this sense as a loanw. (פְּרַקְלֵיט. Pirqe Aboth 4, 11.—SKrauss, Griech. u. latein. Lehnwörter in Talmud, Midrasch u. Targum 1898/99 I 210; II 496; Dalman, Gramm.² 185; Billerb. II 560–62). In Job 16:2 Aq. and Theod. translate מְנַחֲמִים (=comforters) as παράκλητοι; LXX has παρακλήτορες. In Philo our word somet. means ‘intercessor’ (De Jos. 239, Vi. Mos. 2, 134, Spec. Leg. 1, 237, Exsecr. 166, Adv. Flacc. 13; 22), somet. ‘adviser’, ‘helper’ (Op. M. 23; 165). The Gk. interpreters of John’s gosp. understood it in the active sense=παρακαλῶν or παρακλήτωρ (s. Lampe s.v. παράκλητο, esp. Eusebius of Caesarea, Theodore of Mopsuestia, and Ammonius; s. also Ephraem the Syrian in RHarris, Fragments of the Comm. of Ephrem Syr. 1895, 86). In our lit. the act. sense helper, intercessor is suitable in all occurrences of the word (so Goodsp, Probs. 110f). τίς ἡμῶν παράκλητος ἔσται; 2 Cl 6:9. πλουσίων παράκλητοι advocates of the rich B 20:2; D 5:2.—In 1J 2:1 (as AcJ in a damaged fragment: POxy 850, 10) Christ is designated as παράκλητος: παράκλητον ἔχομεν πρὸς τὸν πατέρα Ἰησοῦν Χριστὸν δίκαιον we have Jesus Christ the righteous one, who intercedes for us. The same title is implied for Christ by the ἄλλος παράκλητος of J 14:16. It is only the Holy Spirit that is expressly called παρ.=Helper in the Fourth Gosp.: 14:16, 26; 15:26; 16:7.—HUsener, Archiv für lat. Lexikographie 2, 1885, 230ff; HSasse, Der Paraklet im J: ZNW 24, 1925, 260–77; HWindisch, Johannes u. die Synoptiker 1926, 147f, Die fünf joh. Parakletsprüche: Jülicher Festschr. 1927, 110–37; RAsting, ‘Parakleten’ i Johannes-evangeliet: Teologi og Kirkeliv. Avh. etc. ’31, 85–98; SMowinckel, D. Vorstellungen d. Spätjudentums v. Hl. Geist als Fürsprecher u. d. joh. Paraklet: ZNW 32, ’33, 97–130 (supported now by 1QS 3:24f; 1QM 17:6–8); JMusger, Dicta Christi de Paracleto ’38; EPercy, Untersuchungen üb. den Ursprung d. joh. Theol. ’39; Bultmann, J ’40, 437–40; NJohansson, Parakletoi: Vorstellgen. v. Fürsprechern f. d. Menschen vor Gott in d. atl. Rel., im Spätjudent. u. Urchristent. ’40.; NSnaith, ET 57, ’45, 47–50 (‘Convincer’); WHoward, Christianity acc. to St. John ’47, 71–80; WMichaelis, Con. Neot. 11, ’47, 147–62; GBornkamm, RBultmann Festschr. ’49, 12–35; CBarrett, JTS, n.s. 1, ’50, 8–15; JDavies, ibid. 4, ’53, 35–8; TPreiss, Life in Christ, ’54, 19–25; OBetz, Der Paraklet, ’63; MMiguens, El Paráclito (Juan 14–16) ’63; GJohnston, The Spirit-Paraclete in J, ’70; RBrown, The Paraclete in Modern Research, TU 102, ’68, 158–65; JVeenhof, De Parakleet ’77.—DELG s.v. καλέω. M-M. EDNT. TW. Sv.

1 to inhibit.

2 to restrain, to curb, to curtail, to inhibit.

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Conjugation model [ PROHIBIR], like link=prohibir prohibir

► verbo transitivo

1 to inhibit, restrain

► verbo pronominal cohibirse

1 to feel inhibited, feel embarrassed

* * *

1. VT

1) (=incomodar) to make awkward o ill-at-ease; (=avergonzar) to make shy, embarrass

2) (Jur) to restrain, restrict

3) (Med) to inhibit

cohibirse

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verbo transitivo

a) ( inhibir) to inhibit

b) ( hacer sentir incómodo)

cohibirse v pron

* * *

= stifle, inhibit.

Ex. Excessive emphasis on the need to exact payment will stifle the flow of information.

Ex. Likewise, a library or consortium -- and ultimately the user -- is ill-served by a system which inhibits the realization of a rational collection policy by permitting the duplication of expensive items.

* * *

verbo transitivo

a) ( inhibir) to inhibit

b) ( hacer sentir incómodo)

cohibirse v pron

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cohibir [ I22 ]

(inhibir) to inhibit

(hacer sentir incómodo): hablar en público lo cohíbe he feels embarrassed o shy o awkward about speaking in public

la presencia masiva de nacionales no cohibió a los pocos extranjeros the huge presence of nationals did not inhibit the few foreigners

el niño se cohibió al ver tanta gente the child came over o went all shy when he saw so many people ( colloq)

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a) ( inhibir) to inhibit;

◊ su presencia me cohíbe I feel inhibited in front of him

b) ( hacer sentir incómodo):

◊ hablar en público lo cohíbe he feels awkward about speaking in public

a) ( inhibirse) to feel inhibited

b) ( sentirse incómodo) to feel awkward

* * *

♦ vt

to inhibit;

su presencia me cohíbe her presence inhibits me

♦ See also the pronominal verb cohibirse

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v/t inhibit

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cohibir {62} vt

: to inhibit, to make self-conscious

♦ See also the reflexive verb cohibirse

u, f., or rún-hending, f., is the name of the metre with end-rhymes, consecutive, not alternate; the word is now obsolete, and in ancient writers it only occurs in two places, the Ht. R. verse 24 and in Edda (Ht.), where the Cod. Reg. gives rún-, Edda i. 696 sqq. (the foot-notes); but one is tempted to suspect that this is corrupt, and that the true form was rim-, as im and un can hardly be distinguishedin MSS.; rím- would yield good sense, whereas rúm- is meaningless. The metre itself is evidently of foreign origin, borrowed from the A. S.: the first poem in this metre was the Höfuðl. of Egil, who had lived in England; it was little used throughout the 10th and the following centuries, and the few poems and fragments composed in it can be traced to Egil’s poem as their prototype. The single verse in Eg. ch. 27 is prob. a later composition.

SUBJECT AREA: Photography, film and optics

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He began his working life in banking but soon went into glassmaking and in 1829 he moved to London to open a glass warehouse. On hearing of the first practicable photographic processes in 1834, Claudet visited Paris, where he received instruction in the daguerreotype process from the inventor Daguerre, and purchased a licence to operate in England. On returning to London he began to sell daguerreotype views of Paris and Rome, but was soon taking and selling his own views of London. At this time exposures could take as long as thirty minutes and portraiture from life was impracticable. Claudet was fascinated by the possibilities of the daguerreotype and embarked on experiments to improve the process. In 1841 he published details of an accelerated process and took out a patent proposing the use of flat painted backgrounds and a red light in dark-rooms. In June of that year Claudet opened the second daguerreotype portrait studio in London, just three months after his rival, Richard Beard. He took stereoscopic photographs for Wheatstone as early as 1842, although it was not until the 1850s that stereoscopy became a major interest. He suggested and patented several improvements to viewers derived from Brewster's pattern.

Claudet was also one of the first photographers to practise professionally Talbot's calotype process. He became a personal friend of Talbot, one of the few from whom the inventor was prepared to accept advice. Claudet died suddenly in London following an accident that occurred when he was alighting from an omnibus. A memoir produced shortly after his death lists over forty scientific papers relating to his researches into photography.

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. на каждый... приходится; на который приходится; на... приходится; падать на

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Engine and machine parts accounted for 11.3% of the deliveries.

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A large fraction of the mass of the asteroidal belt is accounted for by the few large asteroids.

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Ninety percent of the storage cost is due to tanks.

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About 30% of the 3000 nuclear tracks measured fell within the cone of tritons.

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The 120 mark in the straightedge falls on the central parallel.

1) General subject: minority, the few, few (Secretary)

2) Economy: minority group (напр. национальное)

pleurer [plœʀe]

➭ TABLE 1

1. intransitive verb

   a. ( = larmoyer) [personne] to cry ; [yeux] to water

• pleurer de rire to laugh until one cries

• pleurer de joie to cry for joy

• faire pleurer qn to bring tears to sb's eyes

• pleurer comme une Madeleine to cry one's eyes out

• être sur le point de pleurer to be almost in tears

• bête à (faire) pleurer pitifully stupid

   b. pleurer sur to lament (over)

• pleurer sur son propre sort to bemoan one's lot

2. transitive verb

[+ personne] to mourn (for) ; [+ chose] to bemoan

• pleurer toutes les larmes de son corps to cry one's eyes out

* * *

1) ( regretter) to mourn [ami]; to lament [absence]

2) (colloq) ( économiser)

verbe intransitif

1) ( après une émotion) to cry, to weep

2) ( involontairement) [yeux] to water

3) ( s'affliger)

4) (colloq) ( se plaindre) [personne] to whine

5) littér [violon] to sob; [vent] to sigh

••

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1. vi

1) [personne] to cry

2) [yeux] to water

2. vt

[personne, disparition] to mourn

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pleurer verb table: aimer

A vtr

1 ( regretter) to mourn [mort, ami]; to lament [absence]; pleurer ses parents to mourn one's parents; pleurer sa jeunesse perdue to lament one's lost youth; pleurer la mort de qn to lament the death of sb;

2 ○( économiser) ne pas pleurer sa peine/son argent to spare no effort/expense; elle n'a pas pleuré le beurre dans sa tarte! she hasn't skimped on the butter in the tart!

B vi

1 ( après une émotion) [enfant, adulte] to cry, to weep; il pleure pour un rien he cries at the slightest thing; faire pleurer qn [personne, histoire, film] to make sb cry; pleurer en silence/en public to cry silently/in public; j'en aurais pleuré! I could have wept!; pleurer de joie/rage to cry ou weep with joy/rage; pleurer de rire, rire à en pleurer to laugh until one cries; c'est une histoire triste/bête à pleurer this story is too sad/stupid for words;

2 ( involontairement) [yeux] to water; la fumée/le maquillage me fait pleurer (les yeux) smoke/make-up makes my eyes water; j'ai les yeux qui pleurent my eyes are watering;

3 ( s'affliger) pleurer sur qch/qn to shed tears over sth/sb; arrête de pleurer sur ton sort! stop feeling sorry for yourself!; je ne risque pas de pleurer sur ton sort! I won't shed any tears over you!;

4 ○( se plaindre) [personne] to whine; aller pleurer auprès de qn to go whining to sb; pleurer après qch○ to beg for sth [augmentation, faveur];

5 liter [violon] to sob; [vent] to sigh;

6 Agric [arbre, vigne] to exude sap.

pleurer comme un bébé to cry like a baby; elle n'a que ses yeux pour pleurer all she can do is cry ou weep.

[plɶre] verbe intransitif

1. PHYSIOLOGIE to cry

[verser des larmes] to cry, to weep

2. (familier) [réclamer] to beg

3. [se lamenter]

4. (littéraire) [vent] to wail, to howl

[animal] to wail

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[plɶre] verbe transitif

1. [répandre] to cry, to shed, to weep

2. (soutenu) [être en deuil de] to mourn

[regretter] to lament, to bemoan

3. (familier) [se plaindre de] to begrudge

4. (locution)

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(gen. -jar), f. meadow.

m. friend, = vinr.

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n. [this word, though foreign, is common to all Teut. languages, and is one of the few words which at a very early date was borrowed from the Lat.; it is found in the oldest poems, and appears there as a naturalised word; Ulf. has wein = οινος; A. S. and O. H. G. wîn; Germ. wein; Engl. wine; Dan. vin]:— wine; at víni, Hðm. 21, Gísl. (in a verse); en við vín eitt vápn-göfigr, Óðinn æ lifir, Gm. 19; vín var í könnu, Rm. 29. Wine was in early times imported into Scandinavia from England; þeir kómu af Englandi með mikilli gæzku víns ok hunangs ok hveitis, Bs. i. 433, (in the Profectio ad Terram Sanctam, 146, for vim mellis, tritici, bonarumque vestium, read vini, mellis, etc.); or it was brought through Holstein from Germany, as in Fms. i. 111; Þýðerskir menn ætla héðan at flytja smjör ok skreið, en hér kemr í staðinn vín, in the speech of Sverrir, Fms. viii. 251; the story of Tyrkir the Southerner (German), Fb. i. 540, is curious:—for wine made of berries (berja-vín), see Páls S. ch. 9, and Ann. 1203: cp. the saying, vín skal til vinar drekka, Sturl. iii. 305; eitt silfr-ker fullt af víni, id.: allit., vín ok virtr, Sdm.

2. poët., hræ-vín, hrafn-vín, vitnis-vín, = blood, Lex. Poët.

B. COMPDS: vínbelgr, vínber, vínberill, vínbyrli, víndropi, víndrukkinn, víndrykkja, víndrykkr, vínfat, vínfátt, vínferill, víngarðr, víngefn, vínguð, víngörð, vínhús, vínhöfigr, vínker, vínkjallari, Vínland, vínlauss, Vínlenzkr, vínleysi, vínóðr, vínórar, vínpottr, vínsvelgr, víntré, víntunna, vínviði, vínviðr, vínþrúga, vínþröng.

 Rather, the few problems that did occur were due to the low stability margin inherent in the application of the bearings.

 The film protection inherent to systems of this type can significantly reduce gas-to-wall surface heat flux levels.

 Because of the fundamental compliance mechanisms intrinsic to the operation of the bearing, dimensional tolerances may be greatly relaxed.

 Supplementary tests were necessary to be certain that the observations made during thermal shocking were not peculiar to large coal samples.

— всем... присущ

— из-за присущей

— ошибка, присущая

— преимущества, присущие

— присущи следующие преимущества

— присущий методу

breeding vacancy in group, opening for breeding positions

In the annual production of young in such a habitat is, on the average, higher than the annual mortality rate of breeders, then the best option for nonbreeding individuals would be to stay in the natal territory and wait for openings (e.g. by means of inheriting the territory or part of it) .

The few interflock movements were associated with specific openings for breeding positions or were related to the disruption of a flock due to mortality of one or more key member .

(b. 1955) Gen Mgt

British computer scientist. Creator of the World Wide Web and director of the World Wide Web Consortium, the world coordinating body for developing the Web. Berners-Lee is concerned that the growth of the Web should benefit all, rather than make money for the few. His experiences and thoughts are recorded in Weaving the Web: The Original Design and Ultimate Destiny of the World Wide Web (1999).

I P.P. vereinzeln

II Adj. (vereinzelt auftretend) isolated; Schauer: auch scattered; zeitlich: occasional, sporadic; vereinzelte Briefe etc. the odd letter etc. Sg.; Bewölkung

II Adv. zeitlich: sporadically, now and then; örtlich: here and there

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occasional; scattered; isolated

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1. adj

2. adv

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1) (occasional; not close together: Scattered showers are forecast for this morning; The few houses in the valley are very scattered.) scattered

2) (occasional, or not part of a general group or tendency: The sky was clear except for one or two stray clouds.) stray

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I. adj

1. METEO (örtlich) isolated

\vereinzelte Regenschauer isolated [or scattered] showers

2. (sporadisch auftretend) occasional

II. adv METEO (örtlich) in places pl

es kam \vereinzelt zu länger anhaltenden Regenfällen there were longer outbreaks of rain in places

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Adjektiv; nicht präd. occasional; isolated, occasional <shower, outbreak of rain, etc.>

adverbial (zeitlich) occasionally; now and then; (örtlich) here and there

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A. pperf → vereinzeln

B. adj (vereinzelt auftretend) isolated; Schauer: auch scattered; zeitlich: occasional, sporadic;

vereinzelte Briefe etc the odd letter etc sg; → Bewölkung

B. adv zeitlich: sporadically, now and then; örtlich: here and there

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Adjektiv; nicht präd. occasional; isolated, occasional <shower, outbreak of rain, etc.>

adverbial (zeitlich) occasionally; now and then; (örtlich) here and there

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isolated adj.

scattered adj.

sporadic adj.

élan [elɑ̃]

   a. ( = vitesse acquise) momentum

• prendre son élan to take a run up

• prendre de l'élan [coureur] to gather speed

• il a continué sur son élan he continued to run at the same speed

   b. [d'enthousiasme, colère] surge

• dans un élan de générosité in a surge of generosity

• les rares élans de tendresse qu'il avait vers elle the few surges of affection he felt for her

   c. ( = ardeur) spirit

• élan patriotique patriotic fervour

   d. ( = dynamisme) boost

• donner un nouvel élan à une politique to give new impetus to a policy

   e. ( = animal) moose

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nom masculin

1) Sport ( pour sauter) run up

2) ( force) lit, fig momentum

3) ( impulsion) impetus

4) ( enthousiasme) enthusiasm

5) ( mouvement affectif) impulse

6) Zoologie elk

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1) (= animal) elk, moose

2) SPORT (avant le saut) run-up

3) fig, [véhicule, entreprise] momentum

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élan nm

1 Sport ( pour sauter) run up; prendre son élan to take a run up; saut avec/sans élan running/standing jump;

2 ( force) lit, fig momentum; prendre de l'élan fig [parti, entreprise, réforme] to gather momentum; casser or couper l'élan to stop the momentum; emportés par leur élan carried away by their own momentum; continuer sur son élan to continue at the same pace;

3 ( impulsion) impetus; donner de l'élan/un nouvel élan à to give impetus/fresh impetus to [parti, entreprise, réforme];

4 ( enthousiasme) enthusiasm; emporté par son élan carried along by his own enthusiasm; dans un bel élan with great enthusiasm; avec élan [parler] with passion; élan patriotique patriotic fervour^GB;

5 ( mouvement affectif) impulse; élans passionnés/de générosité passionate/generous impulses; contenir ses élans to control one's impulses; élan de tendresse/colère rush ou surge of tenderness/anger; élan de patriotisme surge of patriotism;

6 Zool elk; élan du Canada Canadian elk.

[elɑ̃] nom masculin

1. [dans une course] run-up, impetus

2. [énergie] momentum

3. [impulsion] impulse, impetus

4. [effusion] outburst, surge, rush

5. PHILOSOPHIE

6. ZOOLOGIE elk, moose (US)

[from Rom. "guardare"] io. hidden, secret; faxista \gorde bat a crypto fascist | a closet fascist; gela \gorde bat a hidden room du/ad.

1. ( zerbait toki estalian ezarri, e.a.) to keep, put away, put by, store away

2. (- (r)ekin gelditu) to keep; badaukazu gordetzea you can keep it

3. ( zaindu) to protect, watch over; Jainkoak \gorde gaitzala honelako zorigaitzetatik God protect us from such misfortunes

b. ( leku bat norbaitentzat, e.a.) to save, reserve; eserlekurik onenak \gordeko dizkizuet I'll save the best seats for you

c. ( txartela, sarrera) to reserve, book

4. ( ez galdu, mantendu) to preserve, maintain ; zergatik ez \gorde, galduxe dugunok, "egin dezake" eta "egin lezake" direlakoen arteko bereizkuntza? why not maintain the distinctions between "egin dezake" and "egin lezake" which have become somewhat lost; Gutenbergen bibliatik \gorde diren ale bakanak the few copies of Gutenberg's bible that have been preserved

5. ( bete)

a. ( promesa) to keep

b. ( agindua) to keep, carry out

c. ( legea) to observe, respect

6. ( ezkutatu)

a. to hide; ikasle baten etxean isilik \gordeta hidden away in a student's house

b. (irud.) malkoak \gorde ezinik unable to hide his tears; ezin zuen haserrea \gorde she couldn't hold her temper da/ad.

1. ( ezkutatu) to hide, steal away; ihes egitea lortu zutenak mendietan \gorde ziren those who managed to escape hide in the mountains; non \gordeko naiz? where shall I hide?

2. (irud.) eguzkia hodeien artean \gorde zen the sun hid away behind the clouds