the+baltic+(sea)

Gotland [largest island of the Baltic Sea]

island in the Baltic (Sea)

Council of the Baltic Sea States (CBSS)

the Baltic/Caspian/Aegean/Dead/Red Sea

f Hansa ( oder Hanseatic) city; die Hansestadt Hamburg the Hanseatic city of Hamburg

* * *

* * *

1. (Bremen, Hamburg und Lübeck) Hanseatic city

2. HIST city of the Hanseatic League

* * *

* * *

Hansestadt f Hansa ( oder Hanseatic) city;

die Hansestadt Hamburg the Hanseatic city of Hamburg

* * *

* * *

n. salt; leggja sök í salt, to shelve a case. Cf. Eystrasalt.

* * *

n. [a word common to the Teut. as also the class. languages]:—salt, Stj. 609; salt ok brauð, Fb. ii. 24, Pr. 470, passim; distinction is made between hvíta-salt, white salt, Edda ii. 431, 515, and svarta-salt, black salt, from sea-water, N. G. L. i. 39:—of salt used for cattle, salt skal hann eigi meira göra en hann þarf at gefa búfé sínu, id.:—the phrase, leggja sök í salt, to shelve a case, Bs. i. 690: the saying, í salti liggr sök ef sækendr duga; nú stendr skuld tuttugu vetr eða tuttugu vetrum lengr, þá fyrnisk sú skuld fyrir váttum, enn hann má koma honum til eiða at hváru, þvíat í salti liggr sök ef sækiendr duga, N. G. L. i. 24 (Gþl. 484, Jb. 351); vega salt, to balance against one another. In Norway and Icel. salt was chiefly procured by burning seaweed, cp. ‘brenndum brúk á sandi,’… hinn þríði var upp á berginu ok brenndi þara, Frissb. 255; also from the sea, cp. Þorst. Síðu H. 177, ek þóttumk ganga til sjófar þar sem var saltsviða mikil, ok þóttumk ek eta glóanda salt ok drekka sjáinn við. Such salt works are often mentioned, see the compds below. For salt used in baptism, see geifla.

II. in local names, Salt-eyrr ( Salt-eyrar-óss), Eb.; of the sea, Eystra-salt, the ‘East-sea,’ i. e. the Baltic, Fins, passim.

B. COMPDS: saltbelgr, saltbrenna, saltbúð, salteyða, saltfat, saltfjara, saltgörð, salthola, salthólmr, saltkarl, saltketill, saltkorn, saltkross, saltmaðr, saltsáð, saltsteinn, saltsviða.

- nad kimś/czymś [znajdować się] over a. above sb/sth

- nad głównym wejściem over a. above the main entrance

- łuna nad miastem a glow over the city

- 1500 metrów nad poziomem morza 1,500 metres above sea level

- miał siniak nad lewym okiem he had a bruise over a. above his left eye

- mieszkali nad sklepem they lived over a. above the shop

- rano nad miastem przeszła burza a storm broke over the city in the morning

- tumany kurzu unosiły się nad drogą clouds of dust rose over the road

- piłka przeleciała wysoko nad poprzeczką the ball went high over the bar

- pochylić się nad kimś/czymś to lean a. bend over sb/sth

- pochyliła się nad kołyską she leaned a. bent over the cot

- pochylali się nad mapą they were bending over a map

- nad coś [kierować się] over a. above sth

- balon wzbił się nad chmury the balloon soared up above the clouds

- myśliwce nadleciały nad miasto fighter planes flew over the city

- Wiedeń leży nad Dunajem Vienna lies on the Danube

- kupili dom nad jeziorem they bought a house on a. by a lake

- opalali się nad rzeką they were sunbathing by the river

- spacer nad brzegiem rzeki/Sekwany a walk along a. by the riverside/along the Seine

- nad coś [kierować się] to sth

- pojechać nad morze to go to the seaside

- pójść na spacer nad jezioro to take a walk to the lake

- wycieczka nad Wigry a trip to Lake Wigry

- być a. stać nad kimś to be over sb

- nad sobą miał dyrektora finansowego above him he had the financial director

- kontrola nad czymś control over a. of sth

- mieć nadzór nad czymś to supervise sth, to have control over sth

- sprawować władzę nad czymś to exercise authority a. power over sth

- przewaga nad kimś/czymś superiority a. the advantage over sb/sth

- opieka nad ludźmi w podeszłym wieku care of the elderly

- dyskusja nad budżetem discussion on a. about the budget

- dyskutowali nad projektem uchwały they were discussing the (draft) bill

- praca nad czymś work on a. at sth

- pracować nad planami budynku to work on the design of a building

- rozmyślać nad czymś to ponder on a. over sth

- medytować nad czymś to meditate on a. upon sth

- siedzieć nad książką to pore over a book

- ślęczeć nad lekcjami to slog away at one’s homework pot.

- ich zachwyt nad jego obrazami their delight over his paintings

- użalić się nad kimś to feel sorry for sb, to pity sb

- użalać się nad sobą a. nad własnym losem to feel sorry for oneself pot., pejor.; to bemoan one’s lot książk., żart.

- znęcać się nad kimś to torment sb

- zlituj się nade mną/nad nim have mercy on me/him

- nad ranem/wieczorem (just) before dawn a. daybreak/dusk a. nightfall

- nic straszniejszego nad wojnę nothing more terrible than war

- cóż piękniejszego nad miłość what can be more beautiful than love?

- kochać kogoś nad życie to love sb more than life itself

- nad wszystkie rozrywki uwielbiał kino of all pastimes he adored the cinema more than anything else

- praca nad siły superhuman work

- poeta nad poetami a towering poet

- przebój nad przeboje an all-time hit

- skandal nad skandale a scandal to end all scandals

- łotr nad łotrami an arch-villain; a consummate villain książk.

- nade wszystko above all (else), more than anything (else)

- nade wszystko cenił spokój he valued peace and quiet more than anything a. above all else

- była sławna, bogata, a nade wszystko urodziwa she was famous, rich, and, above all, good-looking

- nadczułość hypersensitivity

* * *

* * *

+ Ins.

1. (= powyżej, ponad) above, over; nad głową (= w górze) overhead.

2. (= na brzegu l. krawędzi, blisko) nad (samą) granicą at the (very) border, near the border; nad grobem at the graveside; przen. (= blisko śmierci) at death's door, with one foot in the grave; nad morzem at the seaside, on the sea; nad rzeką/jeziorem on the river/lake; Waszyngton leży nad Potomakiem Washington lies l. is located on the Potomac River; nad przepaścią t. przen. on the edge of a precipice; nad ranem in the early morning.

3. (przedmiot uwagi l. kontroli) litować się nad kimś feel pity for sb; (= okazywać komuś miłosierdzie) have l. take pity on sb; mieć przewagę nad kimś have the advantage on l. over sb, have the upper hand over sb; opieka nad dziećmi child care; pastwić się nad kimś torment sb; płakać nad czymś cry over sth; rozpaczać nad kimś/czymś lament for sb/sth; sprawować władzę nad kimś/czymś rule sb/sth; form. have/hold dominion over sb/sth; stracić panowanie nad sobą lose one's temper; pot. blow one's top, blow a gasket, hit the ceiling.

4. (temat rozważań l. dyskusji) debata nad ustawą/wnioskiem debate on a bill/motion; zastanawiać się nad czymś consider sth, pause over sth.

5. (cel badań l. wysiłków) pracować nad czymś work on sth.

6. lit. (podkreślenie wyjątkowości; często z archaiczną formą narzędnika) mistrz nad mistrzami l. nad mistrze master of l. over masters; Pieśń nad Pieśniami Bibl. the Song of Songs.

+ Acc.

1. ( cel w przestrzeni) over, above; nad głowę above one's head; (= w górę) up; nad miasto over the town l. city.

2. (= na brzeg) nad jezioro/morze/rzekę to the lake/sea/river.

3. lit. ( porównanie lub wybór) than, above; cenić coś nad życie value sth above life; cóż jest (lepszego) nad wino? what (is) better than wine?; nade wszystko above all.

1  Baltic

♦voorbeelden:

1   Baltische Zee • Baltic (Sea), the Baltic

SUBJECT AREA: Canals, Civil engineering

[br]

[br]

[br]

Telford was the son of a shepherd, who died when the boy was in his first year. Brought up by his mother, Janet Jackson, he attended the parish school at Westerkirk. He was apprenticed to a stonemason in Lochmaben and to another in Langholm. In 1780 he walked from Eskdale to Edinburgh and in 1872 rode to London on a horse that he was to deliver there. He worked for Sir William Chambers as a mason on Somerset House, then on the Eskdale house of Sir James Johnstone. In 1783–4 he worked on the new Commissioner's House and other buildings at Portsmouth dockyard.

In late 1786 Telford was appointed County Surveyor for Shropshire and moved to Shrewsbury Castle, with work initially on the new infirmary and County Gaol. He designed the church of St Mary Magdalene, Bridgnorth, and also the church at Madley. Telford built his first bridge in 1790–2 at Montford; between 1790 and 1796 he built forty-five road bridges in Shropshire, including Buildwas Bridge. In September 1793 he was appointed general agent, engineer and architect to the Ellesmere Canal, which was to connect the Mersey and Dee rivers with the Severn at Shrewsbury; William Jessop was Principal Engineer. This work included the Pont Cysyllte aqueduct, a 1,000 ft (305 m) long cast-iron trough 127 ft (39 m) above ground level, which entailed an on-site ironworks and took ten years to complete; the aqueduct is still in use today. In 1800 Telford put forward a plan for a new London Bridge with a single cast-iron arch with a span of 600 ft (183 m) but this was not built.

In 1801 Telford was appointed engineer to the British Fisheries Society "to report on Highland Communications" in Scotland where, over the following eighteen years, 920 miles (1,480 km) of new roads were built, 280 miles (450 km) of the old military roads were realigned and rebuilt, over 1,000 bridges were constructed and much harbour work done, all under Telford's direction. A further 180 miles (290 km) of new roads were also constructed in the Lowlands of Scotland. From 1804 to 1822 he was also engaged on the construction of the Caledonian Canal: 119 miles (191 km) in all, 58 miles (93 km) being sea loch, 38 miles (61 km) being Lochs Lochy, Oich and Ness, 23 miles (37 km) having to be cut.

In 1808 he was invited by King Gustav IV Adolf of Sweden to assist Count Baltzar von Platen in the survey and construction of a canal between the North Sea and the Baltic. Telford surveyed the 114 mile (183 km) route in six weeks; 53 miles (85 km) of new canal were to be cut. Soon after the plans for the canal were completed, the King of Sweden created him a Knight of the Order of Vasa, an honour that he would have liked to have declined. At one time some 60,000 soldiers and seamen were engaged on the work, Telford supplying supervisors, machinery—including an 8 hp steam dredger from the Donkin works and machinery for two small paddle boats—and ironwork for some of the locks. Under his direction an ironworks was set up at Motala, the foundation of an important Swedish industrial concern which is still flourishing today. The Gotha Canal was opened in September 1832.

In 1811 Telford was asked to make recommendations for the improvement of the Shrewsbury to Holyhead section of the London-Holyhead road, and in 1815 he was asked to survey the whole route from London for a Parliamentary Committee. Construction of his new road took fifteen years, apart from the bridges at Conway and over the Menai Straits, both suspension bridges by Telford and opened in 1826. The Menai bridge had a span of 579 ft (176 m), the roadway being 153 ft (47 m) above the water level.

In 1817 Telford was appointed Engineer to the Exchequer Loan Commission, a body set up to make capital loans for deserving projects in the hard times that followed after the peace of Waterloo. In 1820 he became the first President of the Engineers Institute, which gained its Royal Charter in 1828 to become the Institution of Civil Engineers. He was appointed Engineer to the St Katharine's Dock Company during its construction from 1825 to 1828, and was consulted on several early railway projects including the Liverpool and Manchester as well as a number of canal works in the Midlands including the new Harecastle tunnel, 3,000 ft (914 m) long.

Telford led a largely itinerant life, living in hotels and lodgings, acquiring his own house for the first time in 1821, 24 Abingdon Street, Westminster, which was partly used as a school for young civil engineers. He died there in 1834, after suffering in his later years from the isolation of deafness. He was buried in Westminster Abbey.

[br]

Baltic (Sea), the Baltic

* * *

(geng; gekk, gengum; genginn), v.

1) to walk (reið jarl, en Karkr gekk);

2) to go;

ganga heim, to go home;

ganga braut, to go away;

ganga til hvílu, to go to bed;

ganga á skip, to go on board;

ganga af skipi, to go ashore;

with infin., ganga sofa or at sofa, to go to sleep;

ganga at eiga konu, to marry a woman;

3) to go about grazing, to graze (kálfrinn gekk í túni um sumarit);

4) of a ship, to run, sail (gekk skipit brátt út á haf);

5) to stretch out, extend, project (nes mikit gekk í sæ út);

6) of report, tales, to be current (litlar sögur megu ganga af hesti mínum);

7) to prevail;

gekk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter the French tongue prevailed in E.;

8) of money, to be current (peningar þeir, sem nú ganga);

of laws, to be valid (þau lög, er gengu á Uppsalaþingi);

of sickness, plague, famine, to rage (þá gekk landfarsótt, drepsótt, hallæri);

9) to go on, last (gnustu þá saman vápnin, ok gekk þat um hríð);

impers., gekk því lengi, so it went on for a long while;

10) láta ganga e-t, to let go on;

láta höggin ganga, to rain blows;

Birkibeinar létu ganga lúðrana, blew the trumpets vigorously;

11) to succeed;

ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do;

impers., svá þykt, at þeim gekk þar eigi at fara, so close, that they could not go on there;

þeim gekk ekki fyrir nesit, they could not clear the ness;

12) to turn out, go in a specified way;

ganga andæris, to go all wrong;

mart gengr verr en varir, many a thing goes worse than is looked for;

gekk þeim lítt atsókinn, they made little progress with the attack;

impers., e-m gengr vel (illa), one fares (goes on, gets on) well (badly);

13) with acc., ganga e-n á bak, to force one to go backwards (harm gengr bjöninn á bak);

14) with dat., to discharge (gekk bann þá blóði);

15) with preps. and adverbs:

ganga af e-u, to depart from, leave (þá gekk af honum móðrinn);

ganga af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits;

ganga af trú sinni, to apostatize;

to pass (síðan gengu af páskarnir);

to go off (gekk þegar af höfuðit);

to be left as surplus (þat er af skuldinni gekk);

nú gengr honum hey af, now he has some hay left;

ganga af sér, to go to extremities, to go beyond oneself (mjök ganga þeir fóstbrœðr nú af sé);

ganga aptr, to revert (return) to the former proprietor (síðan gengu þau lönd aptr undir Árna);

to be void, annulled (þá skal kaup aptr ganga);

of a ghost, to walk again; of a door, to close, shut (gekk eigi aptr hurðin);

ganga at e-m, to attack one;

ganga at e-u, to agree to, accept a choice or offer (Flosi gekk fljótt at þessu öllu); to fit (skaltu fá mér lukla þá, sem ganga at kistum yðrum);

ganga á e-t, to encroach upon (ganga á ríki e-s); to break (ganga á orð sín, eiða, grið, sættir, trygðir); to pierce, penetrate;

hann var í panzara, er ekki gekk á, that was proof against any weapons;

ganga á vald e-s or e-m, ganga á hönd (hendr) e-m, to submit to, give oneself up to, surrender to one;

ganga á bak e-u, to contravene;

ganga eptir e-u, to go for, go to fetch (göngum heim eptir verðinu); to pursue, claim;

ganga eptir, to prove true, be fulfilled (þetta gekk allt eptir, sem M. sagði fyrir);

ganga frá e-u, to part with, lose (sumir munu ganga frá öllu fénu);

ganga fram, to step forward;

ganga fram vel, to go forward bravely, in a battle;

to come to pass, come into execution (skal þess bíða, er þetta gengr fram);

to increase (fé Hall gerðar gekk fram ok gørðist allmikit);

to depart this life (H. bóndi gengr fram til frænda sinna);

ganga fyrir e-n, to present oneself before one (ganga fyrir konung);

ganga fyrir e-u, to take charge of, manage (var þar mart fólk, en húsbóndi gekk svá fyrir, at ekkert skorti); to yield to, be swayed by (hann gekk þá fyrir fortölum hennar);

ganga í gegn e-m, to set oneself against one;

ganga í gegn e-u, to confess, acknowledge;

maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðst tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away;

ganga í mál, to undertake a case;

ganga með e-m (of a woman), to marry;

ganga með barni, to be with child;

ganga með burði (of animals), to be with young;

ganga með e-u, to assist in, plead (ganga með máli, bónorði);

ganga milli (á m., í m.), to go between, intercede;

ganga móti (á m., í m.) e-m, to go to meet one;

ganga móti e-u, to resist, oppose;

to confess, = ganga í gegn, ganga við e-u;

ganga nær e-m, to be troublesome to one (þótti hón œrit nær ganga Þórgerði);

ganga e-m nær, to approach, come near to one (sá hefir á brott komizt, er næst gekk Gunnari um alla hluti);

ganga saman, to marry;

of an agreement, bargain, to be brought about;

saman gekk kaupit með þeim, they came to a bargain;

ganga sundr (í s.), to go asunder, part;

ganga til, to go up to a thing (gangit til ok hyggit at); of the wind, to veer (veðrit gekk til útsuðrs);

e-m gengr e-t til e-s, one has some reason for doing a thing;

en þat gekk mér til þess (that was my reason), at ek ann þér eigi;

hversu hefir ykkr til gengit, how have you fared?

Loka gekk lítt til, it fared ill with L.;

ganga um e-t, to go about a thing;

ganga um beina, to wait upon guests;

ganga um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker;

ganga um e-n, to befall, happen to one (þess, er um margan gengr guma); of the wind, to go round, veer (gekk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim); to manage (fékk hón svá um gengit, at);

ganga undan, to escape to absent oneself;

g. undir e-t, to take upon oneself, undertake (a duty);

ganga undir e-n, to subject oneself to;

ganga upp, to be wasted (of money);

to get loose, to he torn loose (þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir á húsinu);

of a storm, gale, to get up, rise (veðr gekk upp);

of an ice-bound river, áin var gengin upp, swollen with ice;

ganga við staf, to walk with a stick;

ganga við e-u or e-t, to avow;

ganga yfir e-t, to go beyond, disregard (hann vildi eigi ganga yfir þat, er hann vissi réttast);

ganga yfir e-n, to overcome, to befall, happen to one;

slíkt sem yfir hefir gengit, all that has happened;

eitt skal yfir okkr ganga, we shall share one fate;

16) refl., gangast.

1) walking (hann mœddist í göngu);

vera í göngu, to be on foot, to walk;

2) course (ganga tungls, vinds).

* * *

pret. gekk or gékk, 2nd pers. gékkt, mod. gékst; pl. gengu, geingu, or géngu, and an old poët. gingu; gengengu in Vsp. 12 is a mere misspelling (vide Sæm. Möb. 258); pres. geng, pl. göngum; pret. subj. gengi (geingi); imperat. gakk and gakktú; with the neg. suffix geng-at, gengr-at, gékk-at, gakk-attu, passim; a middle form göngumk firr, go from me, Gm. 1: a contracted form gá occurs now and then in mod. hymns; it is not vernacular but borrowed from Germ. and Dan.: [cp. Ulf. gaggan; A. S. and Hel. gangan; Scot. and North. E. gang, mod. Engl. go; Dan.-Swed. gange or gå; Germ. gehen; Ivar Aasen ganga: Icel., Scots, and Norsemen have preserved the old ng, which in Germ. and Swed.-Dan. only remains in poetry or in a special sense, e. g. in Germ. compds.]

A. To go:

I. to walk; reið jarl en Karkr gékk, Fms. i. 210, Rm. 1, 2, 6, 14, 23, 24, 30, Edda 10, Grág. ii. 95, passim; ganga leiðar sinnar, to go one’s way, Fms. x. 290, Krók. 26: adding acc., g. alla leið, Fms. xi. 202, 299; g. berg, to climb a cliff; g. afréttar, to search the fell-pastures (fjallganga), Háv. 39; also g. ( to climb) í fjall, í kletta, Fms. x. 313: Icel. also say, ganga skó og sokka, to wear out shoes and socks; hann gékk tvenna skó; ganga berserks gang, q. v.

β. absol. to go a-begging, Grág. i. 226, 232, Ísl. ii. 25; ganga vergang, húsgang, id. (göngumaðr).

II. adding adverbs, infinitives, adjectives, or the like,

α. an adverb denoting direction; g. út ok inn, Vkv. 4, Lv. 26; g. inn, Fms. i. 16, vi. 33; g. út, to go out, Lat. exire, Nj. 194; g. aptr, to return, Fms. x. 352; g. fram, to step forward, Hm. 1, Eg. 165; g. upp, to go up, ashore; g. ofan, niðr, to go down; g. heiman, 199; g. heim, to go home; gakk hingat, come hither! 488; g. móti, í gegn e-m, to go against, to meet one; g. braut, to go away; g. til e-s, or at e-m, to go to one; g. frá e-m, to leave one; g. með e-m, to go with one; g. hjá, to pass by; g. saman, to go together; g. yfir, to go over; g. gegnum, to go through; g. undir, to go under; g. undan, fyrir, to go before; g. eptir, to go behind; g. um, to rove, stroll about, and so on passim; g. í sæti, to go to one’s seat, take a seat, Eg. 551; g. til hvílu, to go to bed, Nj. 201; g. til matar, to go to dinner, Sturl. iii. 111, Eg. 483; g. til vinnu, verks, to go to one’s work, cp. Hm. 58; g. í kirkju, to go to church, Rb. 82; g. á fjall, to go on the fells, Hrafn. 34; g. á skip, to go on board, Fms. x. 10; g. af skipi, to go ashore.

β. with infin., in old poems often dropping ‘at;’ ganga sofa, to go to sleep, Fm. 27; g. at sofa, Hm. 19; g. vega, to go to fight, Vsp. 56, Ls. 15; g. at eiga konu, to go to be married, Grág. i. 318.

γ. with an adj.; g. hræddr, to be afraid; g. úviss, to be in ignorance, etc., Fms. vii. 271, Sks. 250, 688.

2. in a more special sense; g. til einvígis, bardaga, to go to a duel, battle, Nj. 64; g. á hólm (hólmganga), Eg. 504, 506; g. á eintal, Nj. 103; g. til máls við e-n, to speak to one, Eg. 199, 764; g. í glímu, to go a-wrestling, Ísl. ii. 246; g. á fang, id., Ld. 206; g. í danz, to go a-dancing; g. til skripta, to go to shrift, Hom. 157; g. at brúðkaupi, to go to be married, Fms. vii. 278; g. í skóla, klaustr, to go to school, go into a cloister (as an inmate), (hence skóla-genginn, a school-man, scholar), Bs. passim; g. í þjónustu, to take service, Nj. 268; g. í lið með e-m, to enter one’s party, side with one, 100; g. í lög, to enter a league with one; g. ór lögum, to go out of a league, passim; g. í félag, ór félagi, id.; g. á mala, to take service as a soldier, 121; g. á hönd, g. til handa, to submit to one as a liegeman, surrender, Eg. 19, 33, Ó. H. 184, Fms. vii. 180; g. á vald e-m, to give oneself up, Nj. 267; g. á hendr e-m, to encroach upon, Ver. 56; g. í skuld, to bail, Grág. i. 232, Dipl. ii. 12; g. í trúnað, to warrant, Fms. xi. 356; g. til trygða, Nj. 166, and g. til griða, to accept truce, surrender, Fas. ii. 556; g. í mál, to enter, undertake a case, Nj. 31; g. í ánauð, to go into bondage, Eg. 8; g. til lands, jarðar, ríkis, arfs, to take possession of …, 118, Stj. 380, Grág., Fms. passim; g. til fréttar, to go to an oracle, take auspices, 625. 89; g. til Heljar, a phrase for to die, Fms. x. 414; g. nær, to go nigh, go close to, press hard on, Ld. 146, 322, Fms. xi. 240 (where reflex.); var sá viðr bæði mikill og góðr því at Þorkell gékk nær, Th. kept a close eye on it, Ld. 316.

B. Joined with prepp. and adverbs in a metaph. sense:—g. af, to depart from, go off; þá gékk af honum móðrinn ok sefaðisk hann, Edda 28; þá er af honum gékk hamremin, Eg. 125, Eb. 136, Stj. 118; g. af sér, to go out of or beyond oneself; mjök g. þeir svari-bræðr nú af sér, Fbr. 32; í móti Búa er hann gengr af sér ( rages) sem mest, Fb. i. 193; þá gékk mest af sér ranglæti manna um álnir, Bs. i. 135: so in the mod. phrases, g. fram af sér, to overstrain oneself; and g. af sér, to fall off, decay: to forsake, g. af trú, to apostatize, Fms. ii. 213; g. af vitinu, to go out of one’s wits, go mad, Post. 656 C. 31; g. af Guðs boðorðum, Stj. passim: to pass. Páskar g. af, Ld. 200: to be left as surplus (afgangr), Rb. 122, Grág. i. 411, K. Þ. K. 92:—g. aptr, to walk again, of a ghost (aptrganga), Ld. 58, Eb. 278, Fs. 131, 141, passim; and absol., g. um híbýli, to hunt, Landn. 107: to go back, be void, of a bargain, Gþl. 491:—g. at e-m, to go at, attack, Nj. 80, 160: to press on, Grág. i. 51, Dipl. ii. 19 (atgangr): g. at e-u, to accept a choice, Nj. 256; g. at máli, to assist, help, 207: to fit, of a key, lykla þá sem g. at kístum yðrum, Finnb. 234, Fbr. 46 new Ed., N. G. L. i. 383: medic. to ail, e-ð gengr at e-m; ok gengr at barni, and if the bairn ails, 340, freq. in mod. usage of ailment, grief, etc.:—g. á e-t, to go against, encroach upon; ganga á ríki e-s, Fms. i. 2; g. upp á, to tread upon, vii. 166; hverr maðr er ólofat gengr á mál þeirra, who trespasses against their measure, Grág. i. 3: to break, g. á orð, eiða, sættir, trygðir, grið, Finnb. 311, Fms. i. 189, Ld. 234; g. á bak e-u, to contravene, Ísl. ii. 382; ganga á, to go on with a thing, Grág. ii. 363; hence the mod. phrase, mikið gengr á, much going on; hvað gengr á, what is going on? það er farið að g. á það (of a task or work or of stores), it is far advanced, not much left:—g. eptir, to go after, pursue, claim (eptirgangr), Nj. 154, Þórð. 67, Fms. vii. 5; g. eptir e-m, to humour one who is cross, in the phrase, g. eptir e-m með grasið í skónum; vertu ekki að g. eptir stráknum; hann vill láta g. eptir ser (of a spoilt boy, cross fellow): to prove true, follow, hón mælti mart, en þó gékk þat sumt eptir, Nj. 194; eptir gékk þat er mér bauð hugr um, Eg. 21, Fms. x. 211:—g. fram, to go on well in a battle, Nj. 102, 235, Háv. 57 (framgangr): to speed, Nj. 150, Fms. xi. 427: to grow, increase (of stock), fé Hallgerðar gékk fram ok varð allmikit, Nj. 22; en er fram gékk mjök kvikfé Skallagríms, Eg. 136, Vígl. 38: to come to pass, skal þess bíða er þetta gengr fram, Nj. 102, Fms. xi. 22: to die, x. 422:—g. frá, to leave (a work) so and so; g. vel frá, to make good work; g. ílla frá, to make bad work; það er ílla frá því gengið, it is badly done:—g. fyrir, to go before, to yield to, to be swayed by a thing; heldr nú við hót, en ekki geng ek fyrir slíku, Fms. i. 305; þó at vér gangim heldr fyrir blíðu en stríðu, ii. 34, Fb. i. 378, Hom. 68; hvárki gékk hann fyrir blíðyrðum né ógnarmálum, Fms. x. 292; hann gékk þá fyrir fortülum hennar, Bs. i. 742: in mod. usage reflex., gangast fyrir íllu, góðu: to give away, tók hann þá at ganga fyrir, Fb. i. 530: Icel. now say, reflex., gangast fyrir, to fall off, from age or the like (vide fyrirgengiligr): to prevent, skal honum þá eigi fyrnska fyrir g., N. G. L. i. 249; þá er hann sekr þrem mörkum nema nauðsyn gangi fyrir, 14; at þeim gangi lögleg forföll fyrir, Gþl. 12:—g. í gegn, to go against, to meet, in mod. usage to deny, and so it seems to be in Gþl. 156; otherwise in old writers it always means the reverse, viz. to avow, confess; maðr gengr í gegn, at á braut kveðsk tekit hafa, the man confessed and said that he had taken it away, Ísl. ii. 331; ef maðr gengr í gegn legorðinu, Grág. i. 340; sá goði er í gegn gékk ( who acknowledged) þingfesti hans, 20; hann iðraðisk úráðs síns, ok gékk í gegn at hann hefði saklausan selt herra sinn, Sks. 584,—this agrees with the parallel phrase, g. við e-t, mod. g. við e-u, to confess, both in old and mod. usage, id.:—g. hjá, to pass by, to waive a thing, Fms. vi. 168:—g. með, to go with one, to wed, marry (only used of a woman, like Lat. nubere), þú hefir þvert tekit at g. með mér, Ld. 262, Sd. 170, Grág. i. 178, Þiðr. 209, Gkv. 2. 27, Fms. xi. 5: medic., g. með barni, to go with child, i. 57; with acc. (barn), Bs. i. 790, and so in mod. usage; a mother says, sama sumarið sem eg gékk með hann (hana) N. N., (meðgöngutími); but dat. in the phrase, vera með barni, to be with child; g. með burði, of animals, Sks. 50, Stj. 70; g. með máli, to assist, plead, Eg. 523, Fms. xi. 105, Eb. 210; g. með e-u, to confess [Dan. medgaae], Stj., but rare and not vernacular:—g. milli, to go between, intercede, esp. as a peacemaker, passim (milli-ganga, meðal-ganga):—g. í móti, to resist, Nj. 90, 159, 171: of the tide, en þar gékk í móti útfalls-straumr, Eg. 600:—g. saman, to go together, marry, Grág. i. 324, Fms. xi. 77: of a bargain, agreement, við þetta gékk saman sættin, Nj. 250; saman gékk kaupit með þeim, 259:—g. sundr, to go asunder, part, and of a bargain, to be broken off, passim:—g. til, to step out, come along; gangit til, ok blótið, 623. 59; gangit til, ok hyggit at, landsmenn, Fms. iv. 282: to offer oneself, to volunteer, Bs. i. 23, 24: the phrase, e-m gengr e-ð til e-s, to purpose, intend; en þat gékk mér til þess ( that was my reason) at ek ann þér eigi, etc., Ísl. ii. 269; sagði, at honum gékk ekki ótrúnaðr til þessa, Fms. x. 39; gékk Flosa þat til, at …, Nj. 178; gengr mér meirr þat til, at ek vilda firra vini mína vandræðum, Fms. ii. 171; mælgi gengr mér til, ‘tis that I have spoken too freely, Orkn. 469, Fms. vi. 373, vii. 258: to fare, hversu hefir ykkr til gengið, how have you fared? Grett. 48 new Ed.; Loka gékk lítt til, it fared ill with L., Fb. i. 276: mod., þat gékk svá til, it so happened, but not freq., as bera við is better, (tilgangr, intention):—g. um e-t, to go about a thing; g. um sættir, to go between, as peacemaker, Fms. v. 156; g. um beina, to attend guests, Nj. 50, passim: to manage, fékk hón svá um gengit, Grett. 197 new Ed.; hversu þér genguð um mitt góðs, 206: to spread over, in the phrase, má þat er um margan gengr; þess er um margan gengr guma, Hm. 93: to veer, go round, of the wind, gékk um veðrit ok styrmdi at þeim, the wind went round and a gale met them, Bs. i. 775:—g. undan, to go before, escape, Ver. 15, Fms. vii. 217, Blas. 49: to be lost, wasted, jafnmikit sem undan gékk af hans vanrækt, Gþl. 338: to absent oneself, eggjuðusk ok báðu engan undan g., Fms. x. 238:—g. undir, to undertake a duty, freq.: to set, of the sun, Rb. 468, Vígl. (in a verse): to go into one’s possession, power, Fms. vii. 207;—g. upp, to be wasted, of money, Fær. 39, Fms. ix. 354: of stones or earth-bound things, to get loose, be torn loose, þeir glímdu svá at upp gengu stokkar allir í húsinu, Landn. 185; flest gékk upp þat sem fyrir þeim varð, Háv. 40, Finnb. 248; ok gékk ór garðinum upp ( was rent loose) garðtorfa frosin, Eb. 190: to rise, yield, when summoned, Sturl. iii. 236: of a storm, gale, to get up, rise, veðr gékk upp at eins, Grett. 94, Bárð. 169; gengr upp stormr hinn sami, Bs. ii. 50: of an ice-bound river, to swell, áin var ákafliga mikil, vóru höfuðísar at báðum-megin, en gengin upp ( swoln with ice) eptir miðju, Ld. 46, Fbr. 20 new Ed., Bjarn. 52; vötnin upp gengin, Fbr. 114; áin var gengin upp ok íll yfirferðar, Grett. 134:—g. við, in the phrase, g. við staf, to go with a staff, rest on it: with dat., g. við e-u, to avow (vide ganga í gegn above):—g. yfir, to spread, prevail, áðr Kristnin gengi yfir, Fms. x. 273; hétu á heiðin goð til þess at þau léti eigi Kristnina g. yfir landit, Bs. i. 23: the phrase, láta eitt g. yfir báða, to let one fate go over both, to stand by one another for weal and woe; hefi ek því heitið honum at eitt skyldi g. yfir okkr bæði, Nj. 193, 201, 204, Gullþ. 8: so in the saying, má þat er yfir margan gengr, a common evil is easier to bear, Fbr. 45 new Ed. (vide um above); muntu nú verða at segja slíkt sem yfir hefir gengið, all that has happened, Fms. xi. 240; þess gengr ekki yfir þá at þeir vili þeim lengr þjóna, they will no longer serve them, come what may, Orkn. 84: to overrun, tyrannize over, þeir vóru ójafnaðar menn ok ganga þar yfir alla menn, Fms. x. 198 (yfirgangr): to transgress, Hom. 109: to overcome, þótti öllum mönnum sem hann mundi yfir allt g., Fms. vii. 326: a naut. term, to dash over, as spray, áfall svá mikit at yfir gékk þegar skipit, Bs. i. 422; hence the metaph. phrase, g. yfir e-n, to be astonished; það gengr yfir mig, it goes above me, I am astonished.

C. Used singly, of various things:

1. of cattle, horses, to graze (haga-gangr); segja menn at svín hans gengi á Svínanesi, en sauðir á Hjarðarnesi, Landn. 124, Eg. 711; kálfrinn óx skjótt ok gékk í túni um sumarit, Eb. 320; Freyfaxi gengr í dalnum fram, Hrafn. 6; þar var vanr at g. hafr um túnit, Nj. 62; þar var til grass (görs) at g., Ld. 96, Grág. passim; gangandi gripr, cattle, beasts, Bjarn. 22; ganganda fé, id., Sturl. i. 83, Band. 2, Ísl. ii. 401.

2. of shoals of fish, to go up, in a river or the like (fiski-ganga, -gengd); vötn er netnæmir fiskar g. í, Grág. i. 149; til landauðnar horfði í Ísafirði áðr fiskr gékk upp á Kvíarmiði, Sturl. ii. 177; fiskr er genginn inn ór álum, Bb. 3. 52.

3. of the sun, stars, vide B. above, (sólar-gangr hæstr, lengstr, and lægstr skemstr = the longest and shortest day); áðr sól gangi af Þingvelli, Grág. i. 24; því at þar gékk eigi sól af um skamdegi, Landn. 140, Rb. passim:—of a thunder-storm, þar gékk reiði-duna með eldingu, Fb. iii. 174:—of the tide, stream, water, vide B. above, eða gangi at vötn eða skriður, K. Þ. K. 78.

4. of a ship, gékk þá skipit mikit, Eg. 390, Fms. vi. 249; létu svá g. suðr fyrir landit, Eg. 78; lét svá g. suðr allt þar til er hann sigldi í Englands-haf, Ó. H. 149; réru nótt ok dag sem g. mátti, Eg. 88; gékk skipit brátt út á haf, Ó. H. 136.

β. to pass; kvað engi skip skyldi g. (go, pass) til Íslands þat sumar, Ld. 18.

II. metaph. to run out, stretch out, project, of a landscape or the like; gengr haf fyrir vestan ok þar af firðir stórir, Eg. 57; g. höf stór ór útsjánum inn í jörðina; haf (the Mediterranean) gengr af Njörva-sundum (the Straits of Gibraltar), Hkr. i. 5; nes mikit gékk í sæ út, Eg. 129, Nj. 261; í gegnum Danmörk gengr sjór (the Baltic) í Austrveg, A. A. 288; fyrir austan hafs-botn þann (Bothnia) er gengr til móts við Gandvík (the White Sea), Orkn. begin.: frá Bjarmalandi g. lönd til úbygða, A. A. 289; Europa gengr allt til endimarka Hispaniae, Stj. 83; öllum megin gengr at henni haf ok kringir um hana, 85; þessi þinghá gékk upp ( extended) um Skriðudal, Hrafn. 24: of houses, af fjósi gékk forskáli, Dropl. 28.

2. to spread, branch out; en af því tungurnar eru ólíkar hvár annarri, þær þegar, er ór einni ok hinni sömu hafa gengit eða greinzt, þá þarf ólíka stafi í at hafa, Skálda (Thorodd) 160: of a narrative, gengr þessi saga mest af Sverri konungi, this story goes forth from him, i. e. relates to, tells of him, Fb. ii. 533; litlar sögur megu g. af hesti mínum, Nj. 90; um fram alla menn Norræna þá er sögur g. frá, Fms. i. 81.

III. to take the lead, prevail; gékk þaðan af í Englandi Valska, thereafter (i. e. after the Conquest) the Welsh tongue prevailed in England, Ísl. ii. 221; ok þar allt sem Dönsk tunga gengi, Fms. xi. 19; meðan Dönsk tunga gengr, x. 179:—of money, to be current, hundrað aura þá er þá gengu í gjöld, Dropl. 16; eigi skulu álnar g. aðrar en þessar, Grág. i. 498; í þenna tíð gékk hér silfr í allar stórskuldir, 500, Fms. viii. 270; eptir því sem gengr ( the course) flestra manna í millum, Gþl. 352:—of laws, to be valid, ok var nær sem sín lög gengi í hverju fylki, Fms. iv. 18; Óðinn setti lög í landi sínu þau er gengit höfðu fyrr með Ásum, Hkr. i. 13; þeirra laga er gengu á Uppsala-þingi, Ó. H. 86; hér hefir Kristindóms-bálk þann er g. skal, N. G. L. i. 339; sá siðr er þá gékk, Fb. i. 71, (vide ganga yfir):—of sickness, plague, famine, to rage, þá gékk landfarsótt, bóla, drepsótt, hallæri, freq.; also impers., gékk því hallæri um allt Ísland, Bs. i. 184; mikit hallæri ok hart gékk yfir fólkið, 486, v. l.; gékk sóttin um haustið fyrir sunnan land; þá gékk mest plágan fyrri, Ann. 1402, 1403.

IV. to go on, last, in a bad sense, of an evil; tókst síðan bardagi, ok er hann hafði gengit um hríð, Fs. 48: impers., hefir þessu gengit ( it has gone on) marga manns-aldra, Fms. i. 282; gékk því lengi, so it went on a long while, Grett. 79 new Ed.; gékk þessu enn til dags, Nj. 272; ok gékk því um hríð, 201; ok gékk því allan þann dag, Fms. vii. 147; lát því g. í allt sumar, xi. 57; gengr þessu þar til er …, Fb. i. 258.

V. denoting violence; létu g. bæði grjót ok vápn, Eg. 261; létu þá hvárir-tveggju g. allt þat er til vápna höfðu, Fms. ix. 44; láta höggin g., to let it rain blows, Úlf. 12. 40; háðung, spottyrði, hróp ok brigzl hver lét með öðrum g. á víxl, Pass. 14. 3, (vápna-gangr); Birkibeinar róa þá eptir, ok létu g. lúðrana, and sounded violently the alarum, Fms. ix. 50, (lúðra-gangr); láta dæluna g., to pour out bad language, vide dæla.

VI. to be able to go on, to go, partly impers.; ef þat gengr eigi, if that will not do, Fms. vi. 284; svá þykt at þeim gékk þar ekki at fara, they stood so close that they could not proceed there, Nj. 247; þá nam þar við, gékk þá eigi lengra, there was a stop; then it could go no farther, Fms. xi. 278; leiddu þeir skipit upp eptir ánni, svá sem gékk, as far as the ship could go, as far as the river was navigable, Eg. 127: esp. as a naut. term, impers., e. g. þeim gékk ekki fyrir nesið, they could not clear the ness; þá gengr eigi lengra, ok fella þeir þá seglið, Bs. i. 423; at vestr gengi um Langanes, 485, v. l.

VII. with adverbs; g. létt, fljótt, to go smoothly; g. þungt, seint, to go slowly; oss munu öll vápna-viðskipti þungt g. við þá, Nj. 201; þungt g. oss nú málaferlin, 181; gékk þeim lítt atsóknin, Stj. 385; at þeim feðgum hefði þá allir hlutir léttast gengit, Bs. i. 274; seint gengr, Þórir, greizlan, Ó. H. 149; g. betr, verr, to get the better, the worse; gékk Ribbungum betr í fyrstu, Fms. ix. 313; gengu ekki mjök kaupin, the bargain did not go well, Nj. 157, cp. ganga til (B. above):—to turn out, hversu g. mundi orrostan, 273; gékk þá allt eptir því sem Hallr hafði sagt, 256; ef kviðir g. í hag sækjanda, if the verdict goes for the plaintiff, Grág. i. 87; þótti þetta mál hafa gengit at óskum, Dropl. 14; mart gengr verr en varir, a saying, Hm. 39; þykir honum nú at sýnu g. ( it seems to him evident) at hann hafi rétt hugsað, Fms. xi. 437; g. andæris, to go all wrong, Am. 14; g. misgöngum, to go amiss, Grág. i. 435; g. e-m í tauma, to turn false ( crooked); þat mun mér lítt í tauma g. er Rútr segir, Nj. 20; g. ofgangi, to go too high, Fms. vii. 269.

VIII. of a blow or the like; hafði gengit upp á miðjan fetann, the axe went in up to the middle of the blade, Nj. 209; gékk þegar á hol, 60; gékk í gegnum skjöldinn, 245, Fb. i. 530.

IX. of law; láta próf g., to make an enquiry; láta vátta g., to take evidence, D. N.

X. to be gone, be lost; gékk hér með holdit niðr at beini, the flesh was torn off, Fb. i. 530: esp. in pass. part. genginn, dead, gone, eptir genginn guma, Hm. 71; moldar-genginn, buried, Sl. 60; hel-genginn, 68; afli genginn, gone from strength, i. e. powerless, Skv. 3. 13.

β. gone, past; gengið er nú það görðist fyr, a ditty; mér er gengið heimsins hjól, gone for me is the world’s wheel ( luck), a ditty.

XI. used as transit. with acc.; hann gengr björninn á bak aptr, he broke the bear’s back in grappling with him, Finnb. 248; ok gengr hana á bak, ok brýtr í sundr í henni hrygginn, Fb. i. 530.

2. medic. with dat. to discharge; ganga blóði, to discharge blood (Dan. blodgang), Bs. i. 337, 383; Arius varð bráðdauðr ok gékk ór sér öllum iðrum, Ver. 47.

D. REFLEX.:

I. singly, gangask, to be altered, to change, be corrupted; gangask í munni, of tradition; var þat löng ævi, ok vant at sögurnar hefði eigi gengisk í munni, Ó. H. pref.; má því eigi þetta mál í munni gengisk hafa, Fb. ii. Sverr. S. pref.; ok mættim vér ráða um nokkut, at málit gengisk, that the case could miscarry, be lost, Glúm. 380:—láta gangask, to let pass. waive; lét Páll þá g. þá hluti er áðr höfðu í millum staðit, Sturl. i. 102; ef þú lætr eigi g. þat er ek kref þik, Fms. xi. 61.

2. e-m gengsk hugr við e-t, to change one’s mind, i. e. to be moved to compassion, yield; sótti hón þá svá at honum gékksk hugr við, Eb. 264; þá gékksk Þorgerði hugr við harma-tölur hans, Ld. 232; ok mun honum g. hugr við þat, svá at hann mun fyrirgefa þér, Gísl. 98; nú sem hann grét, gékksk Ísak hugr við, Stj. 167; er sendimaðr fann at Birni gékksk hugr við féit, Ó. H. 194; við slíkar fortölur hennar gékksk Einari hugr (E. was swayed) til ágirni, Orkn. 24.

II. with prepp. (cp. B. above); gangask at, to ‘go at it,’ engage in a fight; nú gangask þeir at fast, Dropl. 24, Ísl. ii. 267; gengusk menn at sveitum, of wrestlers, they wrestled one with another in sections (Dan. flokkevis), Glúm. 354; þeir gengusk at lengi, Finnb. 248:—gangask fyrir, vide B. above:—gangask í gegn, at móti, to stand against, fight against; at vér látim ok eigi þá ráða er mest vilja í gegn gangask (i. e. the extreme on each side), Íb. 12, cp. Fms. ii. 241; at þeir skipaði til um fylkingar sínar, hverjar sveitir móti skyldi g., i. e. to pair the combatants off, ix. 489; þeir risu upp ok gengusk at móti, Stj. 497. 2 Sam. ii. 15:—g. nær, to come to close quarters (Lat. cominus gerere), Nj. 176, Fms. xi. 240:—gangask á, to dash against one another, to split; á gengusk eiðar, the oaths were broken, Vsp. 30: to be squared off against one another, sú var görð þeirra, at á gengusk vígin húskarlanna, Rd. 288; ekki er annars getið en þeir léti þetta á gangask, i. e. they let it drop, Bjarn. 47; gangask fyrir, to fall off, Fms. iii. 255:—gangask við, to grow, gain strength; áðr en við gengisk hans bæn, before his prayer should be fulfilled, x. 258; ef þat er ætlað at trúa þessi skuli við g., Nj. 162; hétu þeir fast á guðin, at þau skyldi eigi láta við garrgask Kristniboð Ólafs konungs, Fms. ii. 32; þetta gékksk við um öll þau fylki, vii. 300; mikit gékksk Haraldr við (H. grew fast) um vöxt ok afl, Fb. i. 566; Eyvindr hafði mikið við gengizk um menntir, E. had much improved himself in good breeding, Hrafn. 24; vildi hann prófa hvárr þeirra meira hafði við gengisk, which of them had gained most strength, Grett. 107: to be in vogue, in a bad sense, ok löngum við gengisk öfund ok rangindi, Fms. i. 221, cp. Pass. 37. 7:—gangask ór stað, to be removed, Fms. xi. 107.

III. in the phrase, e-m gengsk vel, ílla, it goes well, ill with one, Hom. 168, Am. 53; ílls gengsk þér aldri, nema …, the evil will never leave thee, thou wilt never be happy, unless …, 65.

Germāni, ōrum, m., = Germanoi, the Germans, between the Rhine, the Danube, the Vistula, and the sea; the eastern neighbors of the Gauls, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 4, 1; 6, 11; 21 sq.; Tac. G. passim; Cic. Att. 14, 9, 3; id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; id. Balb. 14, 32; id. Pis. 33, 81 al.— Sing.: Germānus, i, m., a German, in a pun with germanus, own brother; v. 1. germanus, I. B.—

Derivv.

Germānus, a, um, adj., Germanic, German ( poet.):

herbae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 163:

pubes,

Pers. 6, 44.—

Germānĭa, ae, f., the country of the Germans, Germany, Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 5, 13; 6, 11; 24 sq.; id. B. C. 1, 7; 3, 87; Hor. C. 4, 5, 26; id. Epod. 16, 7 al. —Divided into Upper and Lower Germany:

superior,

Tac. A. 1, 31; 6, 30; 12, 27; id. H. 1, 12 al.:

inferior,

id. A. 1, 31; 4, 73; 11, 18; id. H. 1, 9; 52 sq.;

also called Germania prima and secunda,

Amm. 15, 11, 7 sq. — Transf., = Germani, Verg. G. 1, 509.— Hence, in plur.: Germānĭae, ārum, f., the whole of Germany, Tac. A. 1, 34; 46; 57; 2, 26, 73; 3, 46 et saep.—

Germānĭ-cus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Germans, Germanic, German.

Adj.:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 36:

mare,

the Baltic, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 103:

gentes,

id. 4, 13, 28, § 98:

sermo,

Suet. Calig. 47:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Suet. Aug. 20; id. Tib. 9 al.:

exercitus,

Tac. A. 1, 22; id. H. 1, 19; 26 al.:

expeditio (Caligulae),

Suet. Calig. 43:

victoria,

id. Vesp. 2: Calendae, i. e. the 1 st of September (named Germanicus on account of the victory obtained over the Germans), Mart. 9, 2, 4 (cf. Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 13; and Macr. S. 1, 12):

persona,

a clay figure of a German, as a bugbear for Roman children, Mart. 14, 176.—

Subst.: Germānĭcus, i, m.

A surname of several generals who gained victories over the Germans. —Esp.

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, the son of Livia, Suet. Claud. 1 sq.; 27; id. Vit. 8; id. Dom. 13; Spart. Carac. 5.—

Germanicus Caesar, son of the preceding, and brother of the emperor Claudius, Suet. Cal. 1; Tac. A. 1, 35 al. He translated the Phaenomena of Aratus, Lact. 1, 21, 38.—

(sc. nummus), a gold coin struck by the emperor Domitian, Juv. 6, 205.—

Ger-mānĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., stationed or serving in Germany (post-Aug. and only milit.):

exercitus,

Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 6; Eutr. 7, 11.—Also absol.: Germānĭciā-ni, ōrum, m., Suet. Tib. 25; Galb. 20.—

Germānĭcĭensis, e, adj., German, Germanic, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 12, 4.

Germāni, ōrum, m., = Germanoi, the Germans, between the Rhine, the Danube, the Vistula, and the sea; the eastern neighbors of the Gauls, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 4, 1; 6, 11; 21 sq.; Tac. G. passim; Cic. Att. 14, 9, 3; id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; id. Balb. 14, 32; id. Pis. 33, 81 al.— Sing.: Germānus, i, m., a German, in a pun with germanus, own brother; v. 1. germanus, I. B.—

Derivv.

Germānus, a, um, adj., Germanic, German ( poet.):

herbae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 163:

pubes,

Pers. 6, 44.—

Germānĭa, ae, f., the country of the Germans, Germany, Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 5, 13; 6, 11; 24 sq.; id. B. C. 1, 7; 3, 87; Hor. C. 4, 5, 26; id. Epod. 16, 7 al. —Divided into Upper and Lower Germany:

superior,

Tac. A. 1, 31; 6, 30; 12, 27; id. H. 1, 12 al.:

inferior,

id. A. 1, 31; 4, 73; 11, 18; id. H. 1, 9; 52 sq.;

also called Germania prima and secunda,

Amm. 15, 11, 7 sq. — Transf., = Germani, Verg. G. 1, 509.— Hence, in plur.: Germānĭae, ārum, f., the whole of Germany, Tac. A. 1, 34; 46; 57; 2, 26, 73; 3, 46 et saep.—

Germānĭ-cus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Germans, Germanic, German.

Adj.:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 36:

mare,

the Baltic, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 103:

gentes,

id. 4, 13, 28, § 98:

sermo,

Suet. Calig. 47:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Suet. Aug. 20; id. Tib. 9 al.:

exercitus,

Tac. A. 1, 22; id. H. 1, 19; 26 al.:

expeditio (Caligulae),

Suet. Calig. 43:

victoria,

id. Vesp. 2: Calendae, i. e. the 1 st of September (named Germanicus on account of the victory obtained over the Germans), Mart. 9, 2, 4 (cf. Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 13; and Macr. S. 1, 12):

persona,

a clay figure of a German, as a bugbear for Roman children, Mart. 14, 176.—

Subst.: Germānĭcus, i, m.

A surname of several generals who gained victories over the Germans. —Esp.

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, the son of Livia, Suet. Claud. 1 sq.; 27; id. Vit. 8; id. Dom. 13; Spart. Carac. 5.—

Germanicus Caesar, son of the preceding, and brother of the emperor Claudius, Suet. Cal. 1; Tac. A. 1, 35 al. He translated the Phaenomena of Aratus, Lact. 1, 21, 38.—

(sc. nummus), a gold coin struck by the emperor Domitian, Juv. 6, 205.—

Ger-mānĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., stationed or serving in Germany (post-Aug. and only milit.):

exercitus,

Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 6; Eutr. 7, 11.—Also absol.: Germānĭciā-ni, ōrum, m., Suet. Tib. 25; Galb. 20.—

Germānĭcĭensis, e, adj., German, Germanic, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 12, 4.

Germāni, ōrum, m., = Germanoi, the Germans, between the Rhine, the Danube, the Vistula, and the sea; the eastern neighbors of the Gauls, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 4, 1; 6, 11; 21 sq.; Tac. G. passim; Cic. Att. 14, 9, 3; id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; id. Balb. 14, 32; id. Pis. 33, 81 al.— Sing.: Germānus, i, m., a German, in a pun with germanus, own brother; v. 1. germanus, I. B.—

Derivv.

Germānus, a, um, adj., Germanic, German ( poet.):

herbae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 163:

pubes,

Pers. 6, 44.—

Germānĭa, ae, f., the country of the Germans, Germany, Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 5, 13; 6, 11; 24 sq.; id. B. C. 1, 7; 3, 87; Hor. C. 4, 5, 26; id. Epod. 16, 7 al. —Divided into Upper and Lower Germany:

superior,

Tac. A. 1, 31; 6, 30; 12, 27; id. H. 1, 12 al.:

inferior,

id. A. 1, 31; 4, 73; 11, 18; id. H. 1, 9; 52 sq.;

also called Germania prima and secunda,

Amm. 15, 11, 7 sq. — Transf., = Germani, Verg. G. 1, 509.— Hence, in plur.: Germānĭae, ārum, f., the whole of Germany, Tac. A. 1, 34; 46; 57; 2, 26, 73; 3, 46 et saep.—

Germānĭ-cus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Germans, Germanic, German.

Adj.:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 36:

mare,

the Baltic, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 103:

gentes,

id. 4, 13, 28, § 98:

sermo,

Suet. Calig. 47:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Suet. Aug. 20; id. Tib. 9 al.:

exercitus,

Tac. A. 1, 22; id. H. 1, 19; 26 al.:

expeditio (Caligulae),

Suet. Calig. 43:

victoria,

id. Vesp. 2: Calendae, i. e. the 1 st of September (named Germanicus on account of the victory obtained over the Germans), Mart. 9, 2, 4 (cf. Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 13; and Macr. S. 1, 12):

persona,

a clay figure of a German, as a bugbear for Roman children, Mart. 14, 176.—

Subst.: Germānĭcus, i, m.

A surname of several generals who gained victories over the Germans. —Esp.

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, the son of Livia, Suet. Claud. 1 sq.; 27; id. Vit. 8; id. Dom. 13; Spart. Carac. 5.—

Germanicus Caesar, son of the preceding, and brother of the emperor Claudius, Suet. Cal. 1; Tac. A. 1, 35 al. He translated the Phaenomena of Aratus, Lact. 1, 21, 38.—

(sc. nummus), a gold coin struck by the emperor Domitian, Juv. 6, 205.—

Ger-mānĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., stationed or serving in Germany (post-Aug. and only milit.):

exercitus,

Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 6; Eutr. 7, 11.—Also absol.: Germānĭciā-ni, ōrum, m., Suet. Tib. 25; Galb. 20.—

Germānĭcĭensis, e, adj., German, Germanic, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 12, 4.

Germāni, ōrum, m., = Germanoi, the Germans, between the Rhine, the Danube, the Vistula, and the sea; the eastern neighbors of the Gauls, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 4, 1; 6, 11; 21 sq.; Tac. G. passim; Cic. Att. 14, 9, 3; id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; id. Balb. 14, 32; id. Pis. 33, 81 al.— Sing.: Germānus, i, m., a German, in a pun with germanus, own brother; v. 1. germanus, I. B.—

Derivv.

Germānus, a, um, adj., Germanic, German ( poet.):

herbae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 163:

pubes,

Pers. 6, 44.—

Germānĭa, ae, f., the country of the Germans, Germany, Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 5, 13; 6, 11; 24 sq.; id. B. C. 1, 7; 3, 87; Hor. C. 4, 5, 26; id. Epod. 16, 7 al. —Divided into Upper and Lower Germany:

superior,

Tac. A. 1, 31; 6, 30; 12, 27; id. H. 1, 12 al.:

inferior,

id. A. 1, 31; 4, 73; 11, 18; id. H. 1, 9; 52 sq.;

also called Germania prima and secunda,

Amm. 15, 11, 7 sq. — Transf., = Germani, Verg. G. 1, 509.— Hence, in plur.: Germānĭae, ārum, f., the whole of Germany, Tac. A. 1, 34; 46; 57; 2, 26, 73; 3, 46 et saep.—

Germānĭ-cus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Germans, Germanic, German.

Adj.:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 36:

mare,

the Baltic, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 103:

gentes,

id. 4, 13, 28, § 98:

sermo,

Suet. Calig. 47:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Suet. Aug. 20; id. Tib. 9 al.:

exercitus,

Tac. A. 1, 22; id. H. 1, 19; 26 al.:

expeditio (Caligulae),

Suet. Calig. 43:

victoria,

id. Vesp. 2: Calendae, i. e. the 1 st of September (named Germanicus on account of the victory obtained over the Germans), Mart. 9, 2, 4 (cf. Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 13; and Macr. S. 1, 12):

persona,

a clay figure of a German, as a bugbear for Roman children, Mart. 14, 176.—

Subst.: Germānĭcus, i, m.

A surname of several generals who gained victories over the Germans. —Esp.

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, the son of Livia, Suet. Claud. 1 sq.; 27; id. Vit. 8; id. Dom. 13; Spart. Carac. 5.—

Germanicus Caesar, son of the preceding, and brother of the emperor Claudius, Suet. Cal. 1; Tac. A. 1, 35 al. He translated the Phaenomena of Aratus, Lact. 1, 21, 38.—

(sc. nummus), a gold coin struck by the emperor Domitian, Juv. 6, 205.—

Ger-mānĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., stationed or serving in Germany (post-Aug. and only milit.):

exercitus,

Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 6; Eutr. 7, 11.—Also absol.: Germānĭciā-ni, ōrum, m., Suet. Tib. 25; Galb. 20.—

Germānĭcĭensis, e, adj., German, Germanic, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 12, 4.

Germāni, ōrum, m., = Germanoi, the Germans, between the Rhine, the Danube, the Vistula, and the sea; the eastern neighbors of the Gauls, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 4, 1; 6, 11; 21 sq.; Tac. G. passim; Cic. Att. 14, 9, 3; id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; id. Balb. 14, 32; id. Pis. 33, 81 al.— Sing.: Germānus, i, m., a German, in a pun with germanus, own brother; v. 1. germanus, I. B.—

Derivv.

Germānus, a, um, adj., Germanic, German ( poet.):

herbae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 163:

pubes,

Pers. 6, 44.—

Germānĭa, ae, f., the country of the Germans, Germany, Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 5, 13; 6, 11; 24 sq.; id. B. C. 1, 7; 3, 87; Hor. C. 4, 5, 26; id. Epod. 16, 7 al. —Divided into Upper and Lower Germany:

superior,

Tac. A. 1, 31; 6, 30; 12, 27; id. H. 1, 12 al.:

inferior,

id. A. 1, 31; 4, 73; 11, 18; id. H. 1, 9; 52 sq.;

also called Germania prima and secunda,

Amm. 15, 11, 7 sq. — Transf., = Germani, Verg. G. 1, 509.— Hence, in plur.: Germānĭae, ārum, f., the whole of Germany, Tac. A. 1, 34; 46; 57; 2, 26, 73; 3, 46 et saep.—

Germānĭ-cus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Germans, Germanic, German.

Adj.:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 36:

mare,

the Baltic, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 103:

gentes,

id. 4, 13, 28, § 98:

sermo,

Suet. Calig. 47:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Suet. Aug. 20; id. Tib. 9 al.:

exercitus,

Tac. A. 1, 22; id. H. 1, 19; 26 al.:

expeditio (Caligulae),

Suet. Calig. 43:

victoria,

id. Vesp. 2: Calendae, i. e. the 1 st of September (named Germanicus on account of the victory obtained over the Germans), Mart. 9, 2, 4 (cf. Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 13; and Macr. S. 1, 12):

persona,

a clay figure of a German, as a bugbear for Roman children, Mart. 14, 176.—

Subst.: Germānĭcus, i, m.

A surname of several generals who gained victories over the Germans. —Esp.

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, the son of Livia, Suet. Claud. 1 sq.; 27; id. Vit. 8; id. Dom. 13; Spart. Carac. 5.—

Germanicus Caesar, son of the preceding, and brother of the emperor Claudius, Suet. Cal. 1; Tac. A. 1, 35 al. He translated the Phaenomena of Aratus, Lact. 1, 21, 38.—

(sc. nummus), a gold coin struck by the emperor Domitian, Juv. 6, 205.—

Ger-mānĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., stationed or serving in Germany (post-Aug. and only milit.):

exercitus,

Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 6; Eutr. 7, 11.—Also absol.: Germānĭciā-ni, ōrum, m., Suet. Tib. 25; Galb. 20.—

Germānĭcĭensis, e, adj., German, Germanic, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 12, 4.

Germāni, ōrum, m., = Germanoi, the Germans, between the Rhine, the Danube, the Vistula, and the sea; the eastern neighbors of the Gauls, Caes. B. G. 2, 4; 4, 1; 6, 11; 21 sq.; Tac. G. passim; Cic. Att. 14, 9, 3; id. Prov. Cons. 13, 33; id. Balb. 14, 32; id. Pis. 33, 81 al.— Sing.: Germānus, i, m., a German, in a pun with germanus, own brother; v. 1. germanus, I. B.—

Derivv.

Germānus, a, um, adj., Germanic, German ( poet.):

herbae,

Ov. A. A. 3, 163:

pubes,

Pers. 6, 44.—

Germānĭa, ae, f., the country of the Germans, Germany, Caes. B. G. 4, 4; 5, 13; 6, 11; 24 sq.; id. B. C. 1, 7; 3, 87; Hor. C. 4, 5, 26; id. Epod. 16, 7 al. —Divided into Upper and Lower Germany:

superior,

Tac. A. 1, 31; 6, 30; 12, 27; id. H. 1, 12 al.:

inferior,

id. A. 1, 31; 4, 73; 11, 18; id. H. 1, 9; 52 sq.;

also called Germania prima and secunda,

Amm. 15, 11, 7 sq. — Transf., = Germani, Verg. G. 1, 509.— Hence, in plur.: Germānĭae, ārum, f., the whole of Germany, Tac. A. 1, 34; 46; 57; 2, 26, 73; 3, 46 et saep.—

Germānĭ-cus, a, um, adj., of or belonging to the Germans, Germanic, German.

Adj.:

saltus,

Liv. 9, 36:

mare,

the Baltic, Plin. 4, 16, 30, § 103:

gentes,

id. 4, 13, 28, § 98:

sermo,

Suet. Calig. 47:

bellum,

Caes. B. G. 4, 16; Suet. Aug. 20; id. Tib. 9 al.:

exercitus,

Tac. A. 1, 22; id. H. 1, 19; 26 al.:

expeditio (Caligulae),

Suet. Calig. 43:

victoria,

id. Vesp. 2: Calendae, i. e. the 1 st of September (named Germanicus on account of the victory obtained over the Germans), Mart. 9, 2, 4 (cf. Suet. Calig. 15; id. Dom. 13; and Macr. S. 1, 12):

persona,

a clay figure of a German, as a bugbear for Roman children, Mart. 14, 176.—

Subst.: Germānĭcus, i, m.

A surname of several generals who gained victories over the Germans. —Esp.

Nero Claudius Drusus Germanicus, the son of Livia, Suet. Claud. 1 sq.; 27; id. Vit. 8; id. Dom. 13; Spart. Carac. 5.—

Germanicus Caesar, son of the preceding, and brother of the emperor Claudius, Suet. Cal. 1; Tac. A. 1, 35 al. He translated the Phaenomena of Aratus, Lact. 1, 21, 38.—

(sc. nummus), a gold coin struck by the emperor Domitian, Juv. 6, 205.—

Ger-mānĭcĭānus, a, um, adj., stationed or serving in Germany (post-Aug. and only milit.):

exercitus,

Suet. Oth. 8; id. Vesp. 6; Eutr. 7, 11.—Also absol.: Germānĭciā-ni, ōrum, m., Suet. Tib. 25; Galb. 20.—

Germānĭcĭensis, e, adj., German, Germanic, Cassiod. Hist. Eccl. 12, 4.