-
1 малая террористическая война
Military: terrorist small warУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > малая террористическая война
-
2 Armed forces
Although armed force has been a major factor in the development of the Portuguese nation-state, a standing army did not exist until after the War of Restoration (1641-48). During the 18th century, Portugal's small army was drawn into many European wars. In 1811, a combined Anglo-Portuguese army drove the French army of Napoleon out of the country. After Germany declared war on Portugal in March 1916, two Portuguese divisions were conscripted and sent to France, where they sustained heavy casualties at the Battle of Lys in April 1918. As Portugal and Spain were neutral in World War II, the Portuguese Army cooperated with the Spanish army to defend Iberian neutrality. In 1949, Portugal became a founding member of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO). When the nationalist quest for independence began in Portugal's colonies in Africa ( Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea- Bissau) in the 1960s, the military effort (1961-74) to suppress the nationalists resulted in an expansion of the Portuguese armed forces to about 250,000.Since the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the number of personnel on active duty in the army, navy, and air force has been greatly reduced (43,200 in 2007) and given a more direct role in NATO. New NATO commitments led to the organization of the Brigada Mista Independente (Independent Composite Brigade), later converted into the Brigada Aero-Transportada. (Air-Transported Brigade) to be used in the defense of Europe's southern flank. The Portuguese air force and navy are responsible for the defense of the Azores-Madeira-Portugal strategic triangle.Chronic military intervention in Portuguese political life began in the 19th century. These interventions usually began with revolts of the military ( pronunciamentos) in order to get rid of what were considered by the armed forces corrupt or incompetent civilian governments. The army overthrew the monarchy on the 5 October 1910 and established Portugal's First Republic. It overthrew the First Republic on 28 May 1926 and established a military dictatorship. The army returned to the barracks during the Estado Novo of Antônio de Oliveira Salazar. The armed forces once again returned to politics when the Armed Forces Movement (MFA) overthrew the Estado Novo on 25 April 1974. After the Revolution of 25 April 1974, the armed forces again played a major role in Portuguese politics through the Council of the Revolution, which was composed of the president of the Republic, Chiefs of the general staff, three service chiefs, and 14 MFA officers. The Council of the Revolution advised the president on the selection of the prime minister and could veto legislation.The subordination of the Portuguese armed forces to civilian authority began in 1982, when revisions to the Constitution abolished the Council of the Revolution and redefined the mission of the armed forces to that of safeguarding and defending the national territory. By the early 1990s, the political influence of Portugal armed force had waned and civilian control was reinforced with the National Defense Laws of 1991, which made the chief of the general staff of the armed forces directly responsible to the minister of defense, not the president of the republic, as had been the case previously. As the end of the Cold War had eliminated the threat of a Soviet invasion of western Europe, Portuguese armed forces continues to be scaled back and reorganized. Currently, the focus is on modernization to achieve high operational efficiency in certain areas such as air defense, naval patrols, and rapid-response capability in case of terrorist attack. Compulsory military service was ended in 2004. The Portuguese armed forces have been employed as United Nations peacekeepers in East Timor, Bosnia, Kosovo, Afghanistan, Iraq, and Lebanon.
См. также в других словарях:
War — This article is about war in general. For other uses, see War (disambiguation) and The War (disambiguation). Warfare Military history Eras … Wikipedia
War in Afghanistan (2001–present) — War in Afghanistan Part of the Afghan civil war and the War on Terror … Wikipedia
Terrorist financing — is a topic that shot into the limelight after the events of September 11, 2001. The US passed the USA PATRIOT Act, among other reasons, to ensure that both combating the financing of terrorism (CFT) and anti money laundering (AML) was given… … Wikipedia
War on Terrorism — Infobox Military Conflict conflict=War on Terrorism caption=U.S. Soldiers boarding a CH 47 Chinook helicopter in Afghanistan during Operation Anaconda in the Shahi Kot Valley and Arma Mountains southeast of Zormat. date=October 7 2001cite web… … Wikipedia
War on Terror — This article is about the international military campaign. For the board game, see War on Terror (game). War on Terror … Wikipedia
War in Somalia (2006–present) — Infobox Military Conflict conflict=War in Somalia (2006–present) partof=the Somali Civil War and War on Terrorism date=July 20, 2006 – ongoing caption=Situation of the war in Somalia August 28th 2008. place=Southern Somalia result=Ongoing… … Wikipedia
War Machine — This article is about the superhero. For other uses, see War Machine (disambiguation). War Machine Promotional art for Iron Man: Director of S.H.I.E.L.D. #33 Art by Adi Granov. Publica … Wikipedia
War in North-West Pakistan — Infobox War caption=District map of NWFP and FATA. conflict=War in North West Pakistan partof= the War on Terrorism date=March 2004 ndash;ongoing place=Federally Administered Tribal Areas and North West Frontier Province in Pakistan… … Wikipedia
List of coalition military operations of the Iraq War — Operation Aloha redirects here. For the band, see Operation Aloha (band). Nordlicht redirects here. For the Kriegsmarine ship, see SS Nordlicht. Operation Falcon Freedom redirects here. For the United Nations Security Council Resolution 1973… … Wikipedia
Rationale for the Iraq War — The rationale for the Iraq War (i.e., the 2003 invasion of Iraq and subsequent hostilities) has been a contentious issue since the Bush administration began actively pressing for military intervention in Iraq in late 2001. The primary… … Wikipedia
Post-September 11 anti-war movement — The post September 11 anti war movement is an anti war social movement that emerged after the September 11 terrorist attacks in response to the War on Terrorism.BackgroundOn September 11, 2001 a series of coordinated terrorist attacks against the … Wikipedia
