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101 CTO
сокр. от Central Telegraph OfficeEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > CTO
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102 TO
сокр. от telegraph office -
103 city services
= citycity police — городская милиция/ полиция
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104 TO
TOtelegraph office телеграфное отделение; телеграфная контора ————————TOtotal outlay общие издержки -
105 TO
телеграфное отделение; телеграфная контора2. total outlayобщие издержки -
106 Preece, Sir William Henry
[br]b. 15 February 1834 Bryn Helen, Gwynedd, Walesd. 6 November 1913 Penrhos, Gwynedd, Wales[br]Welsh electrical engineer who greatly furthered the development and use of wireless telegraphy and the telephone in Britain, dominating British Post Office engineering during the last two decades of the nineteenth century.[br]After education at King's College, London, in 1852 Preece entered the office of Edwin Clark with the intention of becoming a civil engineer, but graduate studies at the Royal Institution under Faraday fired his enthusiasm for things electrical. His earliest work, as connected with telegraphy and in particular its application for securing the safe working of railways; in 1853 he obtained an appointment with the Electric and National Telegraph Company. In 1856 he became Superintendent of that company's southern district, but four years later he moved to telegraph work with the London and South West Railway. From 1858 to 1862 he was also Engineer to the Channel Islands Telegraph Company. When the various telegraph companies in Britain were transferred to the State in 1870, Preece became a Divisional Engineer in the General Post Office (GPO). Promotion followed in 1877, when he was appointed Chief Electrician to the Post Office. One of the first specimens of Bell's telephone was brought to England by Preece and exhibited at the British Association meeting in 1877. From 1892 to 1899 he served as Engineer-in-Chief to the Post Office. During this time he made a number of important contributions to telegraphy, including the use of water as part of telegraph circuits across the Solent (1882) and the Bristol Channel (1888). He also discovered the existence of inductive effects between parallel wires, and with Fleming showed that a current (thermionic) flowed between the hot filament and a cold conductor in an incandescent lamp.Preece was distinguished by his administrative ability, some scientific insight, considerable engineering intuition and immense energy. He held erroneous views about telephone transmission and, not accepting the work of Oliver Heaviside, made many errors when planning trunk circuits. Prior to the successful use of Hertzian waves for wireless communication Preece carried out experiments, often on a large scale, in attempts at wireless communication by inductive methods. These became of historic interest only when the work of Maxwell and Hertz was developed by Guglielmo Marconi. It is to Preece that credit should be given for encouraging Marconi in 1896 and collaborating with him in his early experimental work on radio telegraphy.While still employed by the Post Office, Preece contributed to the development of numerous early public electricity schemes, acting as Consultant and often supervising their construction. At Worcester he was responsible for Britain's largest nineteenth-century public hydro-electric station. He received a knighthood on his retirement in 1899, after which he continued his consulting practice in association with his two sons and Major Philip Cardew. Preece contributed some 136 papers and printed lectures to scientific journals, ninety-nine during the period 1877 to 1894.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsCB 1894. Knighted (KCB) 1899. FRS 1881. President, Society of Telegraph Engineers, 1880. President, Institution of Electrical Engineers 1880, 1893. President, Institution of Civil Engineers 1898–9. Chairman, Royal Society of Arts 1901–2.BibliographyPreece produced numerous papers on telegraphy and telephony that were presented as Royal Institution Lectures (see Royal Institution Library of Science, 1974) or as British Association reports.1862–3, "Railway telegraphs and the application of electricity to the signaling and working of trains", Proceedings of the ICE 22:167–93.Eleven editions of Telegraphy (with J.Sivewright), London, 1870, were published by 1895.1883, "Molecular radiation in incandescent lamps", Proceedings of the Physical Society 5: 283.1885. "Molecular shadows in incandescent lamps". Proceedings of the Physical Society 7: 178.1886. "Electric induction between wires and wires", British Association Report. 1889, with J.Maier, The Telephone.1894, "Electric signalling without wires", RSA Journal.1898, "Aetheric telegraphy", Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers.Further ReadingJ.J.Fahie, 1899, History of Wireless Telegraphy 1838–1899, Edinburgh: Blackwood. E.Hawkes, 1927, Pioneers of Wireless, London: Methuen.E.C.Baker, 1976, Sir William Preece, F.R.S. Victorian Engineer Extraordinary, London (a detailed biography with an appended list of his patents, principal lectures and publications).D.G.Tucker, 1981–2, "Sir William Preece (1834–1913)", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 53:119–36 (a critical review with a summary of his consultancies).GW / KFBiographical history of technology > Preece, Sir William Henry
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107 Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
[br]b. 25 April 1874 Bologna, Italyd. 20 July 1937 Rome, Italy[br]Italian radio pioneer whose inventiveness and business skills made radio communication a practical proposition.[br]Marconi was educated in physics at Leghorn and at Bologna University. An avid experimenter, he worked in his parents' attic and, almost certainly aware of the recent work of Hertz and others, soon improved the performance of coherers and spark-gap transmitters. He also discovered for himself the use of earthing and of elevated metal plates as aerials. In 1895 he succeeded in transmitting telegraphy over a distance of 2 km (1¼ miles), but the Italian Telegraph authority rejected his invention, so in 1896 he moved to England, where he filed the first of many patents. There he gained the support of the Chief Engineer of the Post Office, and by the following year he had achieved communication across the Bristol Channel.The British Post Office was also slow to take up his work, so in 1897 he formed the Wireless Telegraph \& Signal Company to work independently. In 1898 he sold some equipment to the British Army for use in the Boer War and established the first permanent radio link from the Isle of Wight to the mainland. In 1899 he achieved communication across the English Channel (a distance of more than 31 miles or 50 km), the construction of a wireless station at Spezia, Italy, and the equipping of two US ships to report progress in the America's Cup yacht race, a venture that led to the formation of the American Marconi Company. In 1900 he won a contract from the British Admiralty to sell equipment and to train operators. Realizing that his business would be much more successful if he could offer his customers a complete radio-communication service (known today as a "turnkey" deal), he floated a new company, the Marconi International Marine Communications Company, while the old company became the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company.His greatest achievement occurred on 12 December 1901, when Morse telegraph signals from a transmitter at Poldhu in Cornwall were received at St John's, Newfoundland, a distance of some 2,100 miles (3,400 km), with the use of an aerial flown by a kite. As a result of this, Marconi's business prospered and he became internationally famous, receiving many honours for his endeavours, including the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1909. In 1904, radio was first used to provide a daily bulletin at sea, and in 1907 a transatlantic wireless telegraphy service was inaugurated. The rescue of 1,650 passengers from the shipwreck of SS Republic in 1909 was the first of many occasions when wireless was instrumental in saving lives at sea, most notable being those from the Titanic on its maiden voyage in April 1912; more lives would have been saved had there been sufficient lifeboats. Marconi was one of those who subsequently pressed for greater safety at sea. In 1910 he demonstrated the reception of long (8 km or 5 miles) waves from Ireland in Buenos Aires, but after the First World War he began to develop the use of short waves, which were more effectively reflected by the ionosphere. By 1918 the first link between England and Australia had been established, and in 1924 he was awarded a Post Office contract for short-wave communication between England and the various parts of the British Empire.With his achievements by then recognized by the Italian Government, in 1915 he was appointed Radio-Communications Adviser to the Italian armed forces, and in 1919 he was an Italian delegate to the Paris Peace Conference. From 1921 he lived on his yacht, the Elettra, and although he joined the Fascist Party in 1923, he later had reservations about Mussolini.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsNobel Prize for Physics (jointly with K.F. Braun) 1909. Russian Order of S t Anne. Commander of St Maurice and St Lazarus. Grand Cross of the Order of the Crown (i.e. Knight) of Italy 1902. Freedom of Rome 1903. Honorary DSc Oxford. Honorary LLD Glasgow. Chevalier of the Civil Order of Savoy 1905. Royal Society of Arts Albert Medal. Honorary knighthood (GCVO) 1914. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Medal of Honour 1920. Chairman, Royal Society of Arts 1924. Created Marquis (Marchese) 1929. Nominated to the Italian Senate 1929. President, Italian Academy 1930. Rector, University of St Andrews, Scotland, 1934.Bibliography1896, "Improvements in transmitting electrical impulses and in apparatus thereof", British patent no. 12,039.1 June 1898, British patent no. 12,326 (transformer or "jigger" resonant circuit).1901, British patent no. 7,777 (selective tuning).1904, British patent no. 763,772 ("four circuit" tuning arrangement).Further ReadingD.Marconi, 1962, My Father, Marconi.W.J.Baker, 1970, A History of the Marconi Company, London: Methuen.KFBiographical history of technology > Marconi, Marchese Guglielmo
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108 system
1) система; комплекс2) метод; способ3) канал•- acoustic alarm system
- acoustic image system
- acoustic systems
- actiontrack system
- active IR-system
- actuator system
- adaptive communication system
- adaptive teleinformation system
- adaptive telemetering system
- advanced information system
- Afsatcom system
- air system
- aircraft intercommunication system
- airfield communication system
- air-ground automatic system
- airline reservation system
- air-to-ground TV system
- alarm signal system
- alarm system
- all-channel signaling system
- ALL-IN-ONE system
- alphanumeric system
- amplified speaker system
- amplitude shift-keying system
- AMPS system
- analog cellular communication system
- analog cellular system
- analog component video system
- analog television system
- analog tropospheric system
- anisochronous system
- antenna system
- antitheft system
- AR system
- Arabsat system
- ASK system
- associated channel analog system
- asynchronous address communication system
- audio recording system
- Aurora system
- Aussat system
- automatic communication system
- automatic connection establishment system
- automatic control system
- automatic data acquisition system
- automatic telegraphy system
- automatic telephone system
- automatic tuning system
- automatized cellular system
- auxiliary alarm system
- balanced cable transmission system
- band sharing system
- base station system
- baseband system
- basic input/output system
- bass-reflex speaker system
- batch processing system
- batch transmission system
- batch-and-forward system
- batteryless system
- bilateral CTV system
- binary tariff system
- biocontrol system
- bit parallel interface system
- bit transport system
- bridge duplex system
- broadband mobile system
- broadcast satellite system
- broadcasting delivery media systems
- burglar alarm system
- byte-serial interface system
- cabinet system
- cabinetless system
- cable distribution system
- cable TV system
- call-accounting system
- call-answering system
- call-counting system
- call-distributing system
- call-processing system
- call-queueing system
- camp-on system
- CAPTAIN system
- car component audio system
- carrier reinsertion system
- carrier system
- carrier-communication system
- carrier-current communication system
- Cassegrain-Schmidt system
- cassette recording system
- cassette reproducing system
- CATRIN system
- caution system
- CD 900 system
- cellular system
- cellular-radio system
- central-battery system
- centralized control system
- chirp binary telegraph system
- cipher system
- circuit switched telecommunication system
- circuit switching telecommunication system
- circular telecontrol system
- clock system
- closed-circuit communication system
- closed-circuit telegraph system
- closed-numbering system
- code-dependent system
- code-division multiple access system
- code-independent system
- code-insensitive system
- code-sensitive system
- coding system
- coherent fiber-optic system
- collimating system
- collocated system
- color separating system
- combined numbering system
- combined power supply system
- combined satellite communication system
- common-battery system
- common-carrier system
- common-channel signaling system
- common-engineering communication system
- common-purpose cellular system
- common-using band system
- common-using cordless telephone system
- common-using paging system
- communication system
- communication traffic system
- communications system
- community antenna system
- community antenna television system
- community TV-system
- commununication switching system
- compact disk digital audio system
- compatible color television system
- compatible single sideband system
- compatible single-band system
- compatible TV-system
- complex radio communication system
- computer vision system
- computer-telephone system
- Comsar system
- Comsat system
- Conax system
- concentrated-insonation system
- conference system
- conference-communication system
- congested system
- congress-class system
- constant-current system
- control generating system
- conventional television system
- Conversant system
- cordless-communication system
- crossbar system
- crossed-coincident microphone system
- Crosspoint system
- CSE system
- C-system
- cubical video projecting system
- data processing system
- data system
- data transport system
- data-collection system
- data-compression system
- data-exchange system
- dataflow system
- data-gathering system
- data-handling system
- data-measuring system
- data-reduction system
- data-transmission system
- Decca Navigator system
- DECfax system
- decision-feedback system
- dedicated control channel system
- dedicated multimedia system
- delta-sigma system
- deluxe presentation system
- departmental communication system
- desktop-video system
- DFS/Copernicus system
- dial-telephone system
- differential phase shift-keying system
- differential-duplex system
- differential-magnetic system
- digital camera system
- digital hybrid-key telephone system
- digital mass storage system
- digital microwave radio transmission system
- digital telephone communication system
- digital transmission system
- digital TV-communication system
- Digital UNIX system
- digital-analog system
- digital-cellular system
- digital-data modulation system
- digital-effect system
- digital-message entry system
- digital-termination system
- direct-broadcasting satellite system
- directing system
- direct-modulation system
- direct-sequence system
- direct-telephone communication system
- discrete communication system
- discrete sound system
- discrete-addressing system
- disk-operating system
- DISOSS system
- dispatch telephone communication system
- dispatch-center system
- dispersed-insonation system
- distributed-insonation system
- distributed-processing system
- documental-type communication system
- Dolby systems
- domestic satellite communication system
- double-band telephone communication system
- double-channel transmission system
- double-current transmission system
- double-pole communication system
- double-sideband large carrier system
- DSCS system
- D-system
- dual-cable system
- dual-reflector system
- duplexed system
- Earth-to-space transmission system
- ECM system
- electric communication system
- electronic antishock system
- electronic data-gathering system
- electronic data-processing system
- electronic-message system
- electronic-scanning system
- electronic-switching system
- Ellipso system
- emergency telephone communication system
- emergency-broadcast system
- EMX system
- equidistant system
- error-correction system
- error-detection system
- Eutelsat system
- extensible system
- external paging system
- facsimile system
- fast-acting servicing system
- fault-tolerant system
- fax communication system
- fax transmitting system
- feed system
- fiber transmission system
- fiber-optic transmission system
- field-sequential system
- final mile system
- finishing system
- fire alarm system
- fire warning system
- first generation cellular system
- five-channel communication system
- fixed satellite system
- Flexcam system
- flexible access system
- Flitsatcom system
- focusing system
- four-channel sound system
- four-dimensional system
- four-wire telephone communication system
- frame-sequential system
- frequency shift-keying system
- frequency-carrier system
- frequency-control system
- front-bass reflex speaker system
- fully digital system
- gate system
- Gaussian system
- generalized system
- generating dynamic system
- generator-dc-motor system
- GIGASET radio system
- global positioning system
- Global system
- Gopher system
- grandfathered system
- group-alerting and dispatching system
- guide system
- hard-wired CCTV system
- hazard system
- helical-scan system
- HF-synchronizing system
- high-precision navigating system
- Hi-linear system
- home system
- home-telephone system
- home-type system
- homing-guidance system
- host system
- hydroacoustic system
- ideal communication system
- idealized system
- image informaion system
- image-forming system
- immedial servicing system
- incompatible system
- independent system
- information retrieval system
- information system radio system
- information system
- information-feedback system
- information-measuring system
- infrared alarm system
- Inmarsat system
- Inmarsat-A system
- Inmarsat-B system
- Inmarsat-C system
- Inmarsat-D system
- Inmarsat-M system
- Inmarsat-P system
- integrated telephone system
- integrated videographic teleconferencing system
- integrated-antenna system
- integrated-communication system
- integrated-modulation system
- integrated-office system
- Intelsat system
- interactive system
- intercarrier-sound system
- intercommunication system
- intercontinental tropospheric system
- interlock system
- intermachine exchange system
- intermediate system
- international communication system
- interphone system
- Intervision system
- intraband signaling system
- intruder alarm system
- inward-outward dialing system
- ionoscatter system
- ionosphere sounder system
- ionospheric system
- Iridium system
- isolated system
- Italsat system
- J-carrier system
- joint-multichannel trunking and switching system
- K-carrier system
- key system
- key-telephone system
- land satellite communication system
- large-grained communication system
- laser communication system
- L-band satellite system
- L-carrier system
- Leasat system
- lightning protection system
- limited distortion system
- line amplifiers system
- link system
- little-channel relay system
- local alarm system
- local battery system
- local communication system
- local radio paging system
- long-haul system
- long-range system
- loop system
- loud-speaking communication system
- low-traffic system
- magnetic tape recording system
- Mail system
- management-information system
- manual cellular system system
- manual telephone set system
- Marisat system
- master television system
- master-antenna television system
- matrix sound system
- message feedback system
- message procession system
- message registration system
- message-switched system
- meteor radio system
- Metrobus system
- micro component system
- Micro Press Cluster Printing system
- micro-lens system
- microprocessor system
- microwave relay system
- midi system
- mine radio telephone system
- mini system
- mixed media system
- mixed numbering system
- mobile cellular communication system
- mobile land communication system
- mobile radio system
- mobile relay system
- mobile system
- modulated system
- monetary mobile system
- MS-Mail system
- multiareal system
- multicassette system
- multichannel telephone system
- multicomputer system
- multidisk system
- multiformat recording system
- multifrequency tone signaling system
- multiguard system
- multilevel mixed system
- multimedia system
- multiple-channel system
- multiqueue system
- Multiscrypt system
- multistandard system
- multitrack editing system
- mutibeam antenna system
- muting system
- Nagravision system
- NAMTS system
- narrow-angle TV system
- national communication system
- navigation system
- n-channel communication system
- n-channel DPSK system
- n-channel transmission system
- network standalone system
- network system
- network-operation system
- networks numbering system
- neutral direct-current telegraph system
- n-head video system
- NMT system
- noise-reduction system
- nonhoming tuning system
- noninterlaced television system
- nonsegmented system
- Norsat system
- n-satellite system system
- n-tone DPSK system
- n-tone MFSK system
- NTSC system
- NTT system
- obligatory message system
- Odyssey system
- off-line system
- on-line computer system
- on-line secured system
- open numbering system
- open system
- operative-engineering communication system
- opposite signals system
- optical-communication system
- optical-information system
- optical-projection system
- optoelectronic system
- oscillating system
- oscillation system
- outband signaling system
- package-and-resource tracking system
- pagemaster system
- paging system
- PAL system
- parametric system
- PATHWORKS system
- pattern recognition system
- personal holding guard system
- phase shift-keying system
- phone system
- Piccolo system
- pilot-controller system
- polar direct-current telegraph system
- portable mobile system
- power control system
- power controlling system
- power-line carrier system
- power-supply system
- press-to-talk system
- Prestel system
- primary-supply system
- privacy system
- private branch paging system
- private movable system
- private videodata system
- private videotex system
- process-interface system
- PROFS system
- programmable cross-connect system
- programmable cross-connected system
- programmed radio system
- prompting system
- protected wireline distribution system
- protection system
- pseudoquadraphony system
- pseudotrunking system
- public videodata system
- public videotex system
- pulse-code system
- pulse-frequency system
- pulse-time system
- quadraphonic sound system
- quadruple-diversity system
- R1 system
- R2 system
- radio buoy system
- radio command system
- radio communication system
- Radio Data system
- radio facsimile system
- Radiocom 2000 system
- radio-control system
- radio-paging system
- radio-relay system
- radiosonde-radio-wind system
- radio-telemetering system
- real time pulse-echo system
- real time system
- receiver lockout system
- recording system
- recovery system
- redundant system
- reference-information system
- regional electronic payment system
- relay-radio system
- remote concentrating system
- remote control system
- remote diagnostic system
- remote information system
- remote semiconcentrating system
- remote sensing system
- remote signaling system
- rendering system
- rerecording system
- reserved servicing system
- RF/Transmission system
- rotary system
- safety alarm system
- safety system
- Satcom system
- satellite comminication system
- satellite marine comminication system
- Satellite Master Antenna Television system
- satellite radio system
- satellite-aircraft communication system
- SB-communication system
- SBL communication system
- scalable system
- scanning trunking system
- SCO UNIX system
- searchless identification system
- seat reservation system
- SECAM system
- second generation cellular system
- second room system
- secondary supply system
- secrecy system
- section communication system
- security system
- segmented system
- seismic system
- selective calling system
- selective frequency base station system
- selective protective system
- selective telephone system
- self-adjusting system
- self-balancing differential system
- self-contained system
- self-test system
- selsyn system
- semiautomatic-switching system
- semiautomatized cellular system
- sensory system
- servo system
- shadow-batch system
- short-haul microwave system
- Sicral system
- Sigma Servo system
- signal system
- simplex movable system
- single-band transmission system
- single-busbar system
- single-cable communication system
- single-cable system
- single-channel system
- single-current transmission system
- single-pulse tracking system
- Skynet system
- small-grained communication system
- SmarTrunk II radio communication system
- solid-state uninterruptible power battery system
- Sony bus system
- sound alarm system
- sound equalization system
- sound navigation system
- sound reinforcement system
- sound warning system
- space-division system
- space-switched system
- spark-safe system
- speaker system
- special communication system
- speech-processing system
- speech-recognition system
- split-speaker system
- spread-spectrum system
- stabilizing system
- stage monitoring system
- standalone double point system
- star-circuit system
- STAREX CMX system
- starting communication system
- start-stop system
- stationary satellite system
- step-by-step system
- stereo sound system
- stereophonic sound system
- storage system
- storage-and-retrieval system
- Strowger system
- submarine fiber-optic system
- subprimary digital transmission system
- subscriber carrier system
- subscriber switching system
- suffix system
- Supersat system
- supervisory control system
- surround sound system
- switched telecommunication system
- switching system
- sync communication system
- synchro system
- synchronous communication system
- synchronous digital system
- TAGS system
- tandem system
- tariffication system
- T-carrier system
- TDF system
- teleautomatic system
- Telecom system
- telecommunication system
- telecommunications system
- telecommunication-service priority system
- telecommunications-service priority system
- telecontrol system
- telemechanic system
- telemetering system
- telemetry system
- telephone system
- telephone-answering system
- telephone-communication system
- telephone-communications system
- teleprocessing system
- Telesat system
- teletex system
- teletypewriter system
- television-telephone system
- Tele-X system
- Telsar system
- terminal system
- terrestrial radio-relay system
- theft-prevention system
- thin-route system
- third generation communication system
- three-axle stabilizing system
- three-channel HF-telephone system
- three-channel transmission system
- three-color system
- three-lens optical system
- three-primary system
- three-wire system
- time-dissemination system
- time-frequency hopping system
- time-switched system
- total access communication system
- total area coverage system
- transmission system
- trichromatic system
- triple-interlace system
- triplex system
- trunk communication system
- TV-observation system
- twelve-channel transmission system
- two-arm system
- two-band system
- two-color system
- two-roller transfer system
- two-step control system
- two-way CATV system
- two-way system
- two-wire telephone communication system
- ultra-match system
- ULTRIX system
- unified radioaccess system
- unilateral-control system
- unilateral-synchronization system
- uninterruptible-power system
- Unisat system
- universal alarm system
- universal-battery system
- universal-electronic system
- universal-movable system
- Uniworks system
- vestigial-sideband system
- video editing system
- video home system
- video recording system
- videocom system
- videoteleconference system
- videotex system
- virtual studio system
- vision system
- vocoder system
- voice dialog system
- voice frequency carrier telegraph system
- voice modulation system
- voice post system
- volume control system
- waiting system
- warning system
- watch system
- watching system
- waterside facsimile communication system
- wave-propagating system
- wide-angle TV system
- Winfax Pro system
- wired broadcasting system
- wireless CCTV system
- wireless home system
- wireless infrared speaker system
- wire-radio communication system
- XY system
- zone-selective protection system
- zoning systemEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > system
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109 Wheatstone, Sir Charles
SUBJECT AREA: Telecommunications[br]b. 1802 near Gloucester, Englandd. 19 October 1875 Paris, France[br]English physicist, pioneer of electric telegraphy.[br]Wheatstone's family moved to London when he was 4 years old. He was educated at various schools in London and excelled in physics and mathematics. He qualified for a French prize but forfeited it because he was too shy to recite a speech in French at the prize-giving.An uncle, also called Charles Wheatstone, has a musical instrument manufacturing business where young Charles went to work. He was fascinated by the science of music, but did not enjoy business life. After the uncle's death, Charles and his brother William took over the business. Charles developed and patented the concertina, which the firm assembled from parts made by "outworkers". He devoted much of his time to studying the physics of sound and mechanism of sound transmission through solids. He sent speech and music over considerable distances through solid rods and stretched wires, and envisaged communication at a distance. He concluded, however, that electrical methods were more promising.In 1834 Wheatstone was appointed Professor of Experimental Philosophy—a part-time posi-tion—in the new King's College, London, which gave him some research facilities. He conducted experiments with a telegraph system using several miles of wire in the college corridors. Jointly with William Fothergill Cooke, in 1837 he obtained the first patent for a practical electric telegraph, and much of the remainder of his life was devoted to its improvement. In 1843 he gave a paper to the Royal Society surveying the state of electrical measurements and drew attention to a bridge circuit known ever since as the "Wheatstone bridge", although he clearly attributed it to S.H.Christie. Wheatstone devised the "ABC" telegraph, for use on private lines by anyone who could read, and a high-speed automatic telegraph which was adopted by the Post Office and used for many years. He also worked on the French and Belgian telegraph systems; he died when taken ill on a business visit to Paris.[br]Further ReadingB.Bowers, 1975, Sir Charles Wheatstone FRS, London: HMSO.BBBiographical history of technology > Wheatstone, Sir Charles
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110 system
1) система || системный3) вчт операционная система; программа-супервизор5) вчт большая программа6) метод; способ; алгоритм•system halted — "система остановлена" ( экранное сообщение об остановке компьютера при наличии серьёзной ошибки)
- CPsystem- H-system- h-system- hydrogen-air/lead battery hybrid system- Ksystem- Lsystem- L*a*b* system- master/slave computer system- p-system- y-system- Δ-system -
111 communication
1) связь, система связи; средства связи2) передача•- administrative-economic communication
- advanced shipboard communication
- aerial communication
- aeronautical communications
- air steward-to-air steward telephone communication
- airborne SHF-communication
- airborne-to-Earth communication
- aircraft communication
- air-to-air communication
- air-to-air voice communication
- air-to-ground electric communication
- Airways and Air communications
- all-mine telephone communication
- analog tropospheric communication
- analog-to-digital communication
- annunciating communication
- antenna communication
- asynchronous communication
- audio-conference communication
- audio-visual communication
- auroral long-distance communication
- automatic trunk communication
- auxiliary communication
- babyphone communication
- basic communication
- bathysphere-to-carrier-ship communication
- bidirectional communication
- binary-synchronous communication
- boat emergency communications
- both-way simultaneous communication
- branch telephone communication
- broadcast communication
- carrier-current communication
- car-to-car communication
- coastal center-to-coastal center communication
- code-independent data communication
- coherent-light communication
- combine wall communication
- command-telephone communication
- common-service communication
- common-using telegraph communication
- common-using telephone communication
- component triaxial communication
- computerized communication
- computer-to-computer communication
- conductor-to-departure responsible communication
- conference communication
- confidential special radio communication
- contact network communication
- contactless HF-communication
- contingency communication
- continuous communication
- control communication
- data communication
- data-transmission communication
- departmental engineering communication
- departmental telegraph communication
- digital communication
- digital-speech communication
- direct communication
- direct-pair communication
- direct-telephone communication
- disaster communication
- dispatch communication
- display communication
- distress communication
- district-by-district communication
- diversity communication
- diver-to-diver communication
- diving-service communication
- document electric communication
- documental conference communication
- duplex communication
- duplex radiotelephone communication
- Earth-to-airborne communication
- Earth-to-satellite communication
- Earth-to-space-to-Earth communication
- either-way communication
- electrical communication
- electromagnetic communication
- electronic communication
- emergency communication
- emergency ship radio communication
- enciphered-facsimile communication
- engineering station communication
- engineering-telephone communication
- everyone-to-everyone communication
- face communication
- fast-acting telephone communication
- fire-place communication
- fixed aeronautical communication
- fixed-electric communication
- fleet communication
- frequency-hop communication
- gateway-to-gateway communication
- ground-line communication
- group engineering communication
- half-duplex communication
- harmonic communication
- H-carrier communication
- HF-communication
- high-speed mobile communication
- house-car communication
- hydroacoustic communication
- incoming communication
- inductive mines communication
- industrial communication
- industrial-automatic communication
- industrial-engineering communication
- in-plant communication
- interaction communication
- interpaging communication
- interstation communication
- interstellar communication
- intersystem communication
- intraairplane telephone communication
- intrabasin selector communication
- intrabasin telegraph communication
- intrabasin telephone communication
- intrairport communication
- intraship communication
- intratrain telephone communication
- irregular communication
- isochronous communication
- land mobile communication
- land-to-space communication
- letter-printing communication
- lighting wire communication
- line communication
- line-path communication
- line-track telephone communication
- littoral radiotelephone communication
- local common service communication
- local engineering communication
- local telephone communication
- long-haul communication
- long-haul fiber-optical communication
- long-haul telephone communication
- loud-speaking communication
- main conference communication
- main engineering communication
- main radio communication
- manoeuvre radio communication
- man-to-machine communication
- marine communication
- marine facsimile communication
- meteor-burst communication
- meteoric-ionospheric communication
- microwave communication
- militarized guard communication
- mobile aeronautical communication
- mobile communication
- moon-bounce communication
- moorage-by-moorage communication
- movable communication
- MT administration-to-road communication
- multicast communication
- multichannel communication
- multimedia communication
- multiple channel class A communication
- multiple channel class B communication
- multiple channel class C communication
- multiple channel system radio communication
- multipoint communication
- navigating-service communication
- n-way communication
- office communication
- operative communication
- operative-dispatch communication
- operative-managing communication
- operative-repairing communication
- operator-to-train mobile communication
- oral communication
- outgoing communication
- packet communication
- passband data communication
- passenger-to-locomotive driver communication
- passenger-to-policemen communication
- phase-locked communication
- phototelegraph communication
- pilot-to-steward telephone communication
- plane-to-plane communication
- platform announcing communication
- platform radio communication
- platform-to-train mobile communication
- point-to-point communication
- power dispatch communication
- power line communication
- private bypass communication
- private-branch communication
- private-branch industrial communication
- pulse communication
- radial communication
- radial-aerial USB-communication
- radio link communication
- radio relay communication
- radio searching communication
- radiotelephone communication
- railway telephone communication
- real-time communication
- recording communication
- regional communication
- regular communication
- remote reference communication
- road communication
- road engineering communication
- road managing communication
- road power dispatch communication
- road service dispatch communication
- road servicing communication
- road telegraph communication
- rural communication
- safety communication
- satellite marine communication
- satellite-to-Earth communication
- satellite-to-satellite communication
- SB communication
- secure communication
- selector communication
- service communication
- service dispatch communication
- service section communication
- SHF-wave communication
- ship coastal facsimile communication
- ship-driver-to-ship-driver communication
- ship-radio communication
- ship-telephone communication
- ship-to-ship communication
- ship-to-spacecraft communication
- ship-to-submarine communication
- shore-to-ship communication
- short-band communication
- simplex communication
- simplex single-frequency communication
- simplex stripping communication
- simplex two-frequency communication
- single-channel communication
- single-frequency radio communication
- single-hop communication
- single-side loudspeaking communication
- sky-wave communication
- slope telephone communication
- sonic communication
- space communication
- space laser communication
- spacecraft-to-subscriber communication
- space-to-space communication
- special communication
- speech communication
- static-wire communication
- station communication
- station inductive communication
- station mobile communication
- station-by-station telephone communication
- station-radio communication
- steering cab-to-captain's cab communication
- steering cab-to-power dispatchboard communication
- steering cab-to-tiller compartment communication
- submarine laser communication
- submarine sound communication
- submarine TV-communication
- submarine-to-satellite communication
- submarine-to-submarine communication
- subscriber-to-workgroup communication
- switch point communication
- synchronous communication
- telegraphic communication
- telegraphic-telephone radio communication
- telephonist-to-diver communication
- telex communication
- ticket-dispatch communication
- time-bill communication
- train dispatch communication
- train inductive communication
- train radio communication
- train radiotelephone communication
- train radiowire telephone communication
- train-interstation communication
- train-master-to-station-master assistant communication
- train-master-to-train team communication
- train-to-movable object communication
- train-to-train radio communication
- transport police communication
- tropospheric communication
- tropospheric-scutter communication
- trunk communication
- tunnel train radio communication
- twilight scutter communication
- two-frequency radio communication
- two-side loudspeaking communication
- two-way alternative communication
- two-way simultaneous communication
- ultrasonic communication
- ultraviolet communication
- underground communication
- undersea optical communication
- underwater communication
- unwired earth current communication
- USB-communication
- variable frequency sync communication
- vehicle-to-vehicle communication
- videoconference communication
- videotelephone communication
- voice communication
- wagon-to-wagon mobile communication
- wall communication
- waterside communications
- waterside USB-communication
- wave conducting communication
- wire port communication
- wire radio communication
- wire telephone communication
- workgroup-to-workgroup communication
- world-wide telephone communicationEnglish-Russian dictionary of telecommunications and their abbreviations > communication
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112 Edison, Thomas Alva
SUBJECT AREA: Architecture and building, Automotive engineering, Electricity, Electronics and information technology, Metallurgy, Photography, film and optics, Public utilities, Recording, Telecommunications[br]b. 11 February 1847 Milan, Ohio, USAd. 18 October 1931 Glenmont[br]American inventor and pioneer electrical developer.[br]He was the son of Samuel Edison, who was in the timber business. His schooling was delayed due to scarlet fever until 1855, when he was 8½ years old, but he was an avid reader. By the age of 14 he had a job as a newsboy on the railway from Port Huron to Detroit, a distance of sixty-three miles (101 km). He worked a fourteen-hour day with a stopover of five hours, which he spent in the Detroit Free Library. He also sold sweets on the train and, later, fruit and vegetables, and was soon making a profit of $20 a week. He then started two stores in Port Huron and used a spare freight car as a laboratory. He added a hand-printing press to produce 400 copies weekly of The Grand Trunk Herald, most of which he compiled and edited himself. He set himself to learn telegraphy from the station agent at Mount Clements, whose son he had saved from being run over by a freight car.At the age of 16 he became a telegraphist at Port Huron. In 1863 he became railway telegraphist at the busy Stratford Junction of the Grand Trunk Railroad, arranging a clock with a notched wheel to give the hourly signal which was to prove that he was awake and at his post! He left hurriedly after failing to hold a train which was nearly involved in a head-on collision. He usually worked the night shift, allowing himself time for experiments during the day. His first invention was an arrangement of two Morse registers so that a high-speed input could be decoded at a slower speed. Moving from place to place he held many positions as a telegraphist. In Boston he invented an automatic vote recorder for Congress and patented it, but the idea was rejected. This was the first of a total of 1180 patents that he was to take out during his lifetime. After six years he resigned from the Western Union Company to devote all his time to invention, his next idea being an improved ticker-tape machine for stockbrokers. He developed a duplex telegraphy system, but this was turned down by the Western Union Company. He then moved to New York.Edison found accommodation in the battery room of Law's Gold Reporting Company, sleeping in the cellar, and there his repair of a broken transmitter marked him as someone of special talents. His superior soon resigned, and he was promoted with a salary of $300 a month. Western Union paid him $40,000 for the sole rights on future improvements on the duplex telegraph, and he moved to Ward Street, Newark, New Jersey, where he employed a gathering of specialist engineers. Within a year, he married one of his employees, Mary Stilwell, when she was only 16: a daughter, Marion, was born in 1872, and two sons, Thomas and William, in 1876 and 1879, respectively.He continued to work on the automatic telegraph, a device to send out messages faster than they could be tapped out by hand: that is, over fifty words per minute or so. An earlier machine by Alexander Bain worked at up to 400 words per minute, but was not good over long distances. Edison agreed to work on improving this feature of Bain's machine for the Automatic Telegraph Company (ATC) for $40,000. He improved it to a working speed of 500 words per minute and ran a test between Washington and New York. Hoping to sell their equipment to the Post Office in Britain, ATC sent Edison to England in 1873 to negotiate. A 500-word message was to be sent from Liverpool to London every half-hour for six hours, followed by tests on 2,200 miles (3,540 km) of cable at Greenwich. Only confused results were obtained due to induction in the cable, which lay coiled in a water tank. Edison returned to New York, where he worked on his quadruplex telegraph system, tests of which proved a success between New York and Albany in December 1874. Unfortunately, simultaneous negotiation with Western Union and ATC resulted in a lawsuit.Alexander Graham Bell was granted a patent for a telephone in March 1876 while Edison was still working on the same idea. His improvements allowed the device to operate over a distance of hundreds of miles instead of only a few miles. Tests were carried out over the 106 miles (170 km) between New York and Philadelphia. Edison applied for a patent on the carbon-button transmitter in April 1877, Western Union agreeing to pay him $6,000 a year for the seventeen-year duration of the patent. In these years he was also working on the development of the electric lamp and on a duplicating machine which would make up to 3,000 copies from a stencil. In 1876–7 he moved from Newark to Menlo Park, twenty-four miles (39 km) from New York on the Pennsylvania Railway, near Elizabeth. He had bought a house there around which he built the premises that would become his "inventions factory". It was there that he began the use of his 200- page pocket notebooks, each of which lasted him about two weeks, so prolific were his ideas. When he died he left 3,400 of them filled with notes and sketches.Late in 1877 he applied for a patent for a phonograph which was granted on 19 February 1878, and by the end of the year he had formed a company to manufacture this totally new product. At the time, Edison saw the device primarily as a business aid rather than for entertainment, rather as a dictating machine. In August 1878 he was granted a British patent. In July 1878 he tried to measure the heat from the solar corona at a solar eclipse viewed from Rawlins, Wyoming, but his "tasimeter" was too sensitive.Probably his greatest achievement was "The Subdivision of the Electric Light" or the "glow bulb". He tried many materials for the filament before settling on carbon. He gave a demonstration of electric light by lighting up Menlo Park and inviting the public. Edison was, of course, faced with the problem of inventing and producing all the ancillaries which go to make up the electrical system of generation and distribution-meters, fuses, insulation, switches, cabling—even generators had to be designed and built; everything was new. He started a number of manufacturing companies to produce the various components needed.In 1881 he built the world's largest generator, which weighed 27 tons, to light 1,200 lamps at the Paris Exhibition. It was later moved to England to be used in the world's first central power station with steam engine drive at Holborn Viaduct, London. In September 1882 he started up his Pearl Street Generating Station in New York, which led to a worldwide increase in the application of electric power, particularly for lighting. At the same time as these developments, he built a 1,300yd (1,190m) electric railway at Menlo Park.On 9 August 1884 his wife died of typhoid. Using his telegraphic skills, he proposed to 19-year-old Mina Miller in Morse code while in the company of others on a train. He married her in February 1885 before buying a new house and estate at West Orange, New Jersey, building a new laboratory not far away in the Orange Valley.Edison used direct current which was limited to around 250 volts. Alternating current was largely developed by George Westinghouse and Nicola Tesla, using transformers to step up the current to a higher voltage for long-distance transmission. The use of AC gradually overtook the Edison DC system.In autumn 1888 he patented a form of cinephotography, the kinetoscope, obtaining film-stock from George Eastman. In 1893 he set up the first film studio, which was pivoted so as to catch the sun, with a hinged roof which could be raised. In 1894 kinetoscope parlours with "peep shows" were starting up in cities all over America. Competition came from the Latham Brothers with a screen-projection machine, which Edison answered with his "Vitascope", shown in New York in 1896. This showed pictures with accompanying sound, but there was some difficulty with synchronization. Edison also experimented with captions at this early date.In 1880 he filed a patent for a magnetic ore separator, the first of nearly sixty. He bought up deposits of low-grade iron ore which had been developed in the north of New Jersey. The process was a commercial success until the discovery of iron-rich ore in Minnesota rendered it uneconomic and uncompetitive. In 1898 cement rock was discovered in New Village, west of West Orange. Edison bought the land and started cement manufacture, using kilns twice the normal length and using half as much fuel to heat them as the normal type of kiln. In 1893 he met Henry Ford, who was building his second car, at an Edison convention. This started him on the development of a battery for an electric car on which he made over 9,000 experiments. In 1903 he sold his patent for wireless telegraphy "for a song" to Guglielmo Marconi.In 1910 Edison designed a prefabricated concrete house. In December 1914 fire destroyed three-quarters of the West Orange plant, but it was at once rebuilt, and with the threat of war Edison started to set up his own plants for making all the chemicals that he had previously been buying from Europe, such as carbolic acid, phenol, benzol, aniline dyes, etc. He was appointed President of the Navy Consulting Board, for whom, he said, he made some forty-five inventions, "but they were pigeonholed, every one of them". Thus did Edison find that the Navy did not take kindly to civilian interference.In 1927 he started the Edison Botanic Research Company, founded with similar investment from Ford and Firestone with the object of finding a substitute for overseas-produced rubber. In the first year he tested no fewer than 3,327 possible plants, in the second year, over 1,400, eventually developing a variety of Golden Rod which grew to 14 ft (4.3 m) in height. However, all this effort and money was wasted, due to the discovery of synthetic rubber.In October 1929 he was present at Henry Ford's opening of his Dearborn Museum to celebrate the fiftieth anniversary of the incandescent lamp, including a replica of the Menlo Park laboratory. He was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal and was elected to the American Academy of Sciences. He died in 1931 at his home, Glenmont; throughout the USA, lights were dimmed temporarily on the day of his funeral.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsMember of the American Academy of Sciences. Congressional Gold Medal.Further ReadingM.Josephson, 1951, Edison, Eyre \& Spottiswode.R.W.Clark, 1977, Edison, the Man who Made the Future, Macdonald \& Jane.IMcN -
113 TC
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Transcribing Complex, ТК (торговая компания)2) Компьютерная техника: Table Caption, Terminal Control, Text Compression, Transaction Computer, Transaction Controller, tertiary centre3) Биология: total capacity4) Авиация: Transit Corridor (NATO) (Air lanes established for transit in the rear area of the battle theater), Test cell5) Медицина: Therapeutic Community6) Американизм: Tax Credit, Time Conflict, Total Control, Total Costs, Trade Classification, Trilateral Commission7) Спорт: командные соревнования8) Военный термин: Tactical Computer, Tank Company, Tank Corps, Target Concept, Test Case, Test Comprehensiveness, Thin Client, Tiger Cat, Tin Can, Total Confusion, Total Conversion, Transition Component, Transport Command, Transport Cradles, Transportation Coordinator, Transportation Corps, Tunnel Coordinates, Type Code, tactical command, tactical control, tactical coordinator, tank car, tank commander, target chart, target classification, target complex, team chief, technical center, technical characteristics, technical circular, technical committee, technical communications, technical control, temporary commission, terminal correction, terrain clearance, terrain correction, test center, test chief, test console, test control, test controller, test coordinator, time constant, topographic center, torpedo control, total cost, track commander, traffic control, training cadre, training camp, training center, training chest, training company, training cost, transit corridor, transport capacity, transport column, transport company, transport, cargo, transportation chief, travel card, trial counsel, troop, troop carrier, troop commander, truncated cone, till countermanded, тактический компьютер9) Техника: Threshold Circuit, Transmitting Circuits, technicolor, telecommunications, telegraph central office, telegraph repeater set, telephone central office, telephone repeater set, temporary correction, test categories, tetracycle, thermal compression, time compensation, timing channel, toll center, tone control, track chambers division, tracking camera, tracking console, tracking cross, traffic control unit, transceiver code, военное обозначение буксируемых кабелей, Tilting Cylinder( наклонный цилиндр)10) Шутливое выражение: Terror Cat, Tickle Club, Timothy Club, Tiny Chris, Total Clown, Tough Cat11) Химия: Temperature Compensated, Theoretical Chemistry, tungsten carbide( карбид вольфрама; твёрдый сплав)12) Математика: Transitive Closure13) Религия: Teen Christians, The Calling, The Chosen, The Crossover, Transcend Christ, Trenton Catholic, True Christians14) Юридический термин: Tax Court, Tribal Council15) Экономика: traveller's check, общие издержки (total costs)16) Страхование: Transcontainer17) Автомобильный термин: turbocharger, traction control18) Биржевой термин: Top Cap19) Ветеринария: Teeth And Claws, Tubby Cat20) Грубое выражение: Tiny Cock, Too Chubby21) Металлургия: Telescoping Collar22) Политика: United Arab Emirates23) Телекоммуникации: Telephone Call, Terminating Channel, Transmission Control, Transport Connection, telecommunications closet, Transmitted Signal Element Timing (DCE Source, EIA-232)24) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Turkey), Tactical Controller, Teachers College, Telemeter Channel, Time Check, Training Camp / Centre, Training Cargo, Trusteeship Council, Turks and Caicos Islands, tape core, temperature compensating, terra cotta, thread cutting, timed closing, toilet case, top chord25) Текстиль: Two Clusters26) Университет: Test Consequence, Test Curve27) Физика: Temperature Control, Thermal Control28) Физиология: Thecal Cell, Throat culture, Tissue Culture, Total Cholesterol29) Электроника: Technical Component, Tesla Coil, Timely Cycle, True Complement30) Вычислительная техника: Terminal Computer, Transaction Capabilities, teracycle, time of computation, transfer complete, transfer control, transmission controller, transmission convergence, Task Committee (IFIP), Technical Committee (ISO, OASIS)31) Нефть: service water storage tank, time charter, tool closed, top choke, tubing choke, верхний штуцер (top choke), карбид вольфрама (tungsten carbide), скважинный инструмент закрыт (tool closed), устьевой штуцер (top choke), штуцер насосно-компрессорной колонны (tubing choke)32) Иммунология: Treatment Coefficient33) Биохимия: Tetracycline34) Транспорт: Tariff Class, Tercel Coupe, Tire Chalked, Toilet Car, Touring Car, Touring Coupe, Trans Canada, Transportation Centre, Truck Camper, Truck Crane, Turbo Compound, Twin Cam, Twin Carburettor, Two Cycle35) Пищевая промышленность: Totally Crunchy, Tropical Chicken, Tuff Cat, Tuna Casserole36) Воздухоплавание: Terminal Control Areas37) Фирменный знак: Techno- Components, Theatre Company, Tramway Company, Transport Canada38) СМИ: Textual Criticism, The Times Courier, Title Card, Top Celeb39) Деловая лексика: Tech Center, Too Cheap40) Бурение: инструмент закрыт (tool closed; скважинный)41) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: toxic chemical, контроллер температуры (Temperature controller), регулятор температуры (temperature controller)42) Образование: Teens Conference43) Инвестиции: traveler's check44) Сетевые технологии: Transport Convergence45) ЕБРР: technical cooperation46) Полимеры: technically classified, temperature coefficient, thermocouple, time closing, total carbon47) Автоматика: teflon composite48) Полупроводники: Curie temperature49) Сахалин Р: Temperature controller, temperature controller50) Химическое оружие: Ton container, to contain, toxicity characteristic, type classification51) Макаров: terminal controller, terminate counting, thermal conductivity, thermocompression, time code52) Безопасность: Transform Coding53) Расширение файла: Tape Command, Termcap, Turbo C Configuration file54) SAP.тех. экранная таблица55) Логистика: treatment charge (авиапоставка), транспортная служба56) Строительные материалы: tungsten carbide57) Электротехника: temperature compensation, test chamber, test conductor, thermocurrent, tinned copper, transient conditions, trip coil58) Фантастика Terra Crusher59) Имена и фамилии: Tamara Cole, Tom Clark, Tom Cruise60) Молекулярная биология: tropocollagen61) Общественная организация: Tomorrow's Child62) Должность: Technical Communication, Technology Consultant, Tennis Coach, Top Cop63) Чат: Thread Count, Too Cool, Too Cute, Too Cynical, Topic Centric, Totally Clueless, Tough Cookie64) Правительство: Traverse City, Twin Cities65) NYSE. Thailand Capital Fund, Inc.66) НАСА: Telecommand, Terrestrial Class67) Программное обеспечение: Tab Crawler68) СМС: Take Care69) Международные перевозки: traffic conference area (IATA) -
114 Tc
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Transcribing Complex, ТК (торговая компания)2) Компьютерная техника: Table Caption, Terminal Control, Text Compression, Transaction Computer, Transaction Controller, tertiary centre3) Биология: total capacity4) Авиация: Transit Corridor (NATO) (Air lanes established for transit in the rear area of the battle theater), Test cell5) Медицина: Therapeutic Community6) Американизм: Tax Credit, Time Conflict, Total Control, Total Costs, Trade Classification, Trilateral Commission7) Спорт: командные соревнования8) Военный термин: Tactical Computer, Tank Company, Tank Corps, Target Concept, Test Case, Test Comprehensiveness, Thin Client, Tiger Cat, Tin Can, Total Confusion, Total Conversion, Transition Component, Transport Command, Transport Cradles, Transportation Coordinator, Transportation Corps, Tunnel Coordinates, Type Code, tactical command, tactical control, tactical coordinator, tank car, tank commander, target chart, target classification, target complex, team chief, technical center, technical characteristics, technical circular, technical committee, technical communications, technical control, temporary commission, terminal correction, terrain clearance, terrain correction, test center, test chief, test console, test control, test controller, test coordinator, time constant, topographic center, torpedo control, total cost, track commander, traffic control, training cadre, training camp, training center, training chest, training company, training cost, transit corridor, transport capacity, transport column, transport company, transport, cargo, transportation chief, travel card, trial counsel, troop, troop carrier, troop commander, truncated cone, till countermanded, тактический компьютер9) Техника: Threshold Circuit, Transmitting Circuits, technicolor, telecommunications, telegraph central office, telegraph repeater set, telephone central office, telephone repeater set, temporary correction, test categories, tetracycle, thermal compression, time compensation, timing channel, toll center, tone control, track chambers division, tracking camera, tracking console, tracking cross, traffic control unit, transceiver code, военное обозначение буксируемых кабелей, Tilting Cylinder( наклонный цилиндр)10) Шутливое выражение: Terror Cat, Tickle Club, Timothy Club, Tiny Chris, Total Clown, Tough Cat11) Химия: Temperature Compensated, Theoretical Chemistry, tungsten carbide( карбид вольфрама; твёрдый сплав)12) Математика: Transitive Closure13) Религия: Teen Christians, The Calling, The Chosen, The Crossover, Transcend Christ, Trenton Catholic, True Christians14) Юридический термин: Tax Court, Tribal Council15) Экономика: traveller's check, общие издержки (total costs)16) Страхование: Transcontainer17) Автомобильный термин: turbocharger, traction control18) Биржевой термин: Top Cap19) Ветеринария: Teeth And Claws, Tubby Cat20) Грубое выражение: Tiny Cock, Too Chubby21) Металлургия: Telescoping Collar22) Политика: United Arab Emirates23) Телекоммуникации: Telephone Call, Terminating Channel, Transmission Control, Transport Connection, telecommunications closet, Transmitted Signal Element Timing (DCE Source, EIA-232)24) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Turkey), Tactical Controller, Teachers College, Telemeter Channel, Time Check, Training Camp / Centre, Training Cargo, Trusteeship Council, Turks and Caicos Islands, tape core, temperature compensating, terra cotta, thread cutting, timed closing, toilet case, top chord25) Текстиль: Two Clusters26) Университет: Test Consequence, Test Curve27) Физика: Temperature Control, Thermal Control28) Физиология: Thecal Cell, Throat culture, Tissue Culture, Total Cholesterol29) Электроника: Technical Component, Tesla Coil, Timely Cycle, True Complement30) Вычислительная техника: Terminal Computer, Transaction Capabilities, teracycle, time of computation, transfer complete, transfer control, transmission controller, transmission convergence, Task Committee (IFIP), Technical Committee (ISO, OASIS)31) Нефть: service water storage tank, time charter, tool closed, top choke, tubing choke, верхний штуцер (top choke), карбид вольфрама (tungsten carbide), скважинный инструмент закрыт (tool closed), устьевой штуцер (top choke), штуцер насосно-компрессорной колонны (tubing choke)32) Иммунология: Treatment Coefficient33) Биохимия: Tetracycline34) Транспорт: Tariff Class, Tercel Coupe, Tire Chalked, Toilet Car, Touring Car, Touring Coupe, Trans Canada, Transportation Centre, Truck Camper, Truck Crane, Turbo Compound, Twin Cam, Twin Carburettor, Two Cycle35) Пищевая промышленность: Totally Crunchy, Tropical Chicken, Tuff Cat, Tuna Casserole36) Воздухоплавание: Terminal Control Areas37) Фирменный знак: Techno- Components, Theatre Company, Tramway Company, Transport Canada38) СМИ: Textual Criticism, The Times Courier, Title Card, Top Celeb39) Деловая лексика: Tech Center, Too Cheap40) Бурение: инструмент закрыт (tool closed; скважинный)41) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: toxic chemical, контроллер температуры (Temperature controller), регулятор температуры (temperature controller)42) Образование: Teens Conference43) Инвестиции: traveler's check44) Сетевые технологии: Transport Convergence45) ЕБРР: technical cooperation46) Полимеры: technically classified, temperature coefficient, thermocouple, time closing, total carbon47) Автоматика: teflon composite48) Полупроводники: Curie temperature49) Сахалин Р: Temperature controller, temperature controller50) Химическое оружие: Ton container, to contain, toxicity characteristic, type classification51) Макаров: terminal controller, terminate counting, thermal conductivity, thermocompression, time code52) Безопасность: Transform Coding53) Расширение файла: Tape Command, Termcap, Turbo C Configuration file54) SAP.тех. экранная таблица55) Логистика: treatment charge (авиапоставка), транспортная служба56) Строительные материалы: tungsten carbide57) Электротехника: temperature compensation, test chamber, test conductor, thermocurrent, tinned copper, transient conditions, trip coil58) Фантастика Terra Crusher59) Имена и фамилии: Tamara Cole, Tom Clark, Tom Cruise60) Молекулярная биология: tropocollagen61) Общественная организация: Tomorrow's Child62) Должность: Technical Communication, Technology Consultant, Tennis Coach, Top Cop63) Чат: Thread Count, Too Cool, Too Cute, Too Cynical, Topic Centric, Totally Clueless, Tough Cookie64) Правительство: Traverse City, Twin Cities65) NYSE. Thailand Capital Fund, Inc.66) НАСА: Telecommand, Terrestrial Class67) Программное обеспечение: Tab Crawler68) СМС: Take Care69) Международные перевозки: traffic conference area (IATA) -
115 tc
1) Общая лексика: hum. сокр. Transcribing Complex, ТК (торговая компания)2) Компьютерная техника: Table Caption, Terminal Control, Text Compression, Transaction Computer, Transaction Controller, tertiary centre3) Биология: total capacity4) Авиация: Transit Corridor (NATO) (Air lanes established for transit in the rear area of the battle theater), Test cell5) Медицина: Therapeutic Community6) Американизм: Tax Credit, Time Conflict, Total Control, Total Costs, Trade Classification, Trilateral Commission7) Спорт: командные соревнования8) Военный термин: Tactical Computer, Tank Company, Tank Corps, Target Concept, Test Case, Test Comprehensiveness, Thin Client, Tiger Cat, Tin Can, Total Confusion, Total Conversion, Transition Component, Transport Command, Transport Cradles, Transportation Coordinator, Transportation Corps, Tunnel Coordinates, Type Code, tactical command, tactical control, tactical coordinator, tank car, tank commander, target chart, target classification, target complex, team chief, technical center, technical characteristics, technical circular, technical committee, technical communications, technical control, temporary commission, terminal correction, terrain clearance, terrain correction, test center, test chief, test console, test control, test controller, test coordinator, time constant, topographic center, torpedo control, total cost, track commander, traffic control, training cadre, training camp, training center, training chest, training company, training cost, transit corridor, transport capacity, transport column, transport company, transport, cargo, transportation chief, travel card, trial counsel, troop, troop carrier, troop commander, truncated cone, till countermanded, тактический компьютер9) Техника: Threshold Circuit, Transmitting Circuits, technicolor, telecommunications, telegraph central office, telegraph repeater set, telephone central office, telephone repeater set, temporary correction, test categories, tetracycle, thermal compression, time compensation, timing channel, toll center, tone control, track chambers division, tracking camera, tracking console, tracking cross, traffic control unit, transceiver code, военное обозначение буксируемых кабелей, Tilting Cylinder( наклонный цилиндр)10) Шутливое выражение: Terror Cat, Tickle Club, Timothy Club, Tiny Chris, Total Clown, Tough Cat11) Химия: Temperature Compensated, Theoretical Chemistry, tungsten carbide( карбид вольфрама; твёрдый сплав)12) Математика: Transitive Closure13) Религия: Teen Christians, The Calling, The Chosen, The Crossover, Transcend Christ, Trenton Catholic, True Christians14) Юридический термин: Tax Court, Tribal Council15) Экономика: traveller's check, общие издержки (total costs)16) Страхование: Transcontainer17) Автомобильный термин: turbocharger, traction control18) Биржевой термин: Top Cap19) Ветеринария: Teeth And Claws, Tubby Cat20) Грубое выражение: Tiny Cock, Too Chubby21) Металлургия: Telescoping Collar22) Политика: United Arab Emirates23) Телекоммуникации: Telephone Call, Terminating Channel, Transmission Control, Transport Connection, telecommunications closet, Transmitted Signal Element Timing (DCE Source, EIA-232)24) Сокращение: Civil aircraft marking (Turkey), Tactical Controller, Teachers College, Telemeter Channel, Time Check, Training Camp / Centre, Training Cargo, Trusteeship Council, Turks and Caicos Islands, tape core, temperature compensating, terra cotta, thread cutting, timed closing, toilet case, top chord25) Текстиль: Two Clusters26) Университет: Test Consequence, Test Curve27) Физика: Temperature Control, Thermal Control28) Физиология: Thecal Cell, Throat culture, Tissue Culture, Total Cholesterol29) Электроника: Technical Component, Tesla Coil, Timely Cycle, True Complement30) Вычислительная техника: Terminal Computer, Transaction Capabilities, teracycle, time of computation, transfer complete, transfer control, transmission controller, transmission convergence, Task Committee (IFIP), Technical Committee (ISO, OASIS)31) Нефть: service water storage tank, time charter, tool closed, top choke, tubing choke, верхний штуцер (top choke), карбид вольфрама (tungsten carbide), скважинный инструмент закрыт (tool closed), устьевой штуцер (top choke), штуцер насосно-компрессорной колонны (tubing choke)32) Иммунология: Treatment Coefficient33) Биохимия: Tetracycline34) Транспорт: Tariff Class, Tercel Coupe, Tire Chalked, Toilet Car, Touring Car, Touring Coupe, Trans Canada, Transportation Centre, Truck Camper, Truck Crane, Turbo Compound, Twin Cam, Twin Carburettor, Two Cycle35) Пищевая промышленность: Totally Crunchy, Tropical Chicken, Tuff Cat, Tuna Casserole36) Воздухоплавание: Terminal Control Areas37) Фирменный знак: Techno- Components, Theatre Company, Tramway Company, Transport Canada38) СМИ: Textual Criticism, The Times Courier, Title Card, Top Celeb39) Деловая лексика: Tech Center, Too Cheap40) Бурение: инструмент закрыт (tool closed; скважинный)41) Глоссарий компании Сахалин Энерджи: toxic chemical, контроллер температуры (Temperature controller), регулятор температуры (temperature controller)42) Образование: Teens Conference43) Инвестиции: traveler's check44) Сетевые технологии: Transport Convergence45) ЕБРР: technical cooperation46) Полимеры: technically classified, temperature coefficient, thermocouple, time closing, total carbon47) Автоматика: teflon composite48) Полупроводники: Curie temperature49) Сахалин Р: Temperature controller, temperature controller50) Химическое оружие: Ton container, to contain, toxicity characteristic, type classification51) Макаров: terminal controller, terminate counting, thermal conductivity, thermocompression, time code52) Безопасность: Transform Coding53) Расширение файла: Tape Command, Termcap, Turbo C Configuration file54) SAP.тех. экранная таблица55) Логистика: treatment charge (авиапоставка), транспортная служба56) Строительные материалы: tungsten carbide57) Электротехника: temperature compensation, test chamber, test conductor, thermocurrent, tinned copper, transient conditions, trip coil58) Фантастика Terra Crusher59) Имена и фамилии: Tamara Cole, Tom Clark, Tom Cruise60) Молекулярная биология: tropocollagen61) Общественная организация: Tomorrow's Child62) Должность: Technical Communication, Technology Consultant, Tennis Coach, Top Cop63) Чат: Thread Count, Too Cool, Too Cute, Too Cynical, Topic Centric, Totally Clueless, Tough Cookie64) Правительство: Traverse City, Twin Cities65) NYSE. Thailand Capital Fund, Inc.66) НАСА: Telecommand, Terrestrial Class67) Программное обеспечение: Tab Crawler68) СМС: Take Care69) Международные перевозки: traffic conference area (IATA) -
116 TC
1. take саге! - осторожно!;2. technetium - технеций;3. technical characteristics - технические характеристики;4. technical control - технический контроль;5. technically classified - со стандартными технологическими свойствами;6. technicolor - техницвет;7. telecommunications - дальняя связь; средства дальней связи;8. telegraph central office - центральная телеграфная станция;9. telegraph repeater set - телеграфный ретранслятор; телеграфный повторитель;10. telemeter channel - телеметрический канал;11. telephone central office - центральная телефонная станция;12. telephone repeater set - телефонный ретранслятор; телефонный усилитель;13. temperature coefficient - температурный коэффициент; ТК;14. temperature compensating - температурная компенсация;15. temperature control - температурный контроль, терморегулирование;16. temporary correction - временная коррекция;17. teracycle - терацикл; терагерц; ТГц;18. terminal computer - оконечная ЭВМ;19. terminal controller - контроллер терминала;20. terminate counting - конец счёта;21. test categories - категории испытаний;22. test chief - руководитель (программы) испытаний;23. test conductor - испытательный провод(ник);24. test console - испытательный пульт;25. test controller - техник по проверке испытательного оборудования;26. test coordinator - координатор испытаний;27. tetracycle - терацикл; терагерц; ТГц; 1012 Гц;28. thermal compression - термокомпрессия;29. thermal conductivity - теплопроводность; удельная теплопроводность;30. thermal control - термоконтроль;31. thermocompression - термокомпрессия; термокомпрессионная сварка;32. thermocouple - термопара; термоэлемент;33. time check - счётчик времени; счётчик продолжительности разговоров;34. time closing - временная отсечка;35. time code - временной код; ВК; адресно-временной код; АВК;36. time compensation - временная компенсация;37. time constant - постоянная времени;38. time of computation - время вычисления;39. timing channel - канал синхронизации;40. toll center - междугородная телефонная станция; междугородный узел телефонной связи;41. tone control - регулирование тембра;42. tool closed - скважинный инструмент закрыт;43. top choke - верхний штуцер; устьевой штуцер;44. total capacity - общая ёмкость;45. total carbon - общее содержание углерода; общий углерод;46. total cost - общая стоимость;47. track chambers division - отдел трековых камер;48. tracking camera - следящая камера;49. tracking console - пульт управления системой слежения;50. tracking cross - следящее перекрестие;51. traffic control - регулирование движения;52. traffic control unit - блок управления обменом данными;53. transceiver code - код приёмопередающей станции;54. transmission control - управление передачей данных;55. transmission controller - контроллер передачи данных;56. tubing choke - штуцер насосно-компрессорной колонны;57. tungsten carbide - карбид вольфрама;58. type classification - классификация по типу;59. военное обозначение буксируемых кабелей -
117 Sarnoff, David
[br]b. 27 February 1891 Uzlian, Minsk (now in Belarus)d. 12 December 1971 New York City, New York, USA[br]Russian/American engineer who made a major contribution to the commercial development of radio and television.[br]As a Jewish boy in Russia, Sarnoff spent several years preparing to be a Talmudic Scholar, but in 1900 the family emigrated to the USA and settled in Albany, New York. While at public school and at the Pratt Institute in Brooklyn, New York, he helped the family finances by running errands, selling newspapers and singing the liturgy in the synagogue. After a short period as a messenger boy with the Commercial Cable Company, in 1906 he became an office boy with the Marconi Wireless Telegraph Company of America (see G. Marconi). Having bought a telegraph instrument with his first earnings, he taught himself Morse code and was made a junior telegraph operator in 1907. The following year he became a wireless operator at Nantucket Island, then in 1909 he became Manager of the Marconi station at Sea Gate, New York. After two years at sea he returned to a shore job as wireless operator at the world's most powerful station at Wanamaker's store in Manhattan. There, on 14 April 1912, he picked up the distress signals from the sinking iner Titanic, remaining at his post for three days.Rewarded by rapid promotion (Chief Radio Inspector 1913, Contract Manager 1914, Assistant Traffic Manager 1915, Commercial Manager 1917) he proposed the introduction of commercial radio broadcasting, but this received little response. Consequently, in 1919 he took the job of Commercial Manager of the newly formed Radio Corporation of America (RCA), becoming General Manager in 1921, Vice- President in 1922, Executive Vice-President in 1929 and President in 1930. In 1921 he was responsible for the broadcasting of the Dempsey-Carpentier title-fight, as a result of which RCA sold $80 million worth of radio receivers in the following three years. In 1926 he formed the National Broadcasting Company (NBC). Rightly anticipating the development of television, in 1928 he inaugurated an experimental NBC television station and in 1939 demonstrated television at the New York World Fair. Because of his involvement with the provision of radio equipment for the armed services, he was made a lieutenant-colonel in the US Signal Corps Reserves in 1924, a full colonel in 1931 and, while serving as a communications consultant to General Eisenhower during the Second World War, Brigadier General in 1944.With the end of the war, RCA became a major manufacturer of television receivers and then invested greatly in the ultimately successful development of shadowmask tubes and receivers for colour television. Chairman and Chief Executive from 1934, Sarnoff held the former post until his retirement in 1970.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFrench Croix de Chevalier d'honneur 1935, Croix d'Officier 1940, Croix de Commandant 1947. Luxembourg Order of the Oaken Crown 1960. Japanese Order of the Rising Sun 1960. US Legion of Merit 1946. UN Citation 1949. French Union of Inventors Gold Medal 1954.KFSee also: Zworykin, Vladimir Kosma -
118 TDO
1) Военный термин: Tactical Data Officer, Transaction Data Object, technical development objective, technical directive, ordnance, training developments office, training developments officer2) Техника: technical development objectives, time delay open3) Грубое выражение: Tiny Dicked One4) Сокращение: Tactical Deception Officer, Technical Data Office, time-delay opening5) Физиология: Tricho- Dento- Osseous Syndrome6) Вычислительная техника: Test Data Output (TAP, IC)7) Биохимия: tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase8) Фирменный знак: The Design Office, Inc., Tobacco Documents Online9) СМИ: The Daily Objectivist10) Сетевые технологии: Total Digital Office11) Химическое оружие: technical directive order12) Должность: The Devious One13) Международная торговля: Table of Denial Orders, Temporarily Denial Order14) Базы данных: Typed Data Object15) Международные перевозки: telegraph delivery order -
119 tdo
1) Военный термин: Tactical Data Officer, Transaction Data Object, technical development objective, technical directive, ordnance, training developments office, training developments officer2) Техника: technical development objectives, time delay open3) Грубое выражение: Tiny Dicked One4) Сокращение: Tactical Deception Officer, Technical Data Office, time-delay opening5) Физиология: Tricho- Dento- Osseous Syndrome6) Вычислительная техника: Test Data Output (TAP, IC)7) Биохимия: tryptophan 2, 3-dioxygenase8) Фирменный знак: The Design Office, Inc., Tobacco Documents Online9) СМИ: The Daily Objectivist10) Сетевые технологии: Total Digital Office11) Химическое оружие: technical directive order12) Должность: The Devious One13) Международная торговля: Table of Denial Orders, Temporarily Denial Order14) Базы данных: Typed Data Object15) Международные перевозки: telegraph delivery order -
120 despacho
Del verbo despachar: ( conjugate despachar) \ \
despacho es: \ \1ª persona singular (yo) presente indicativo
despachó es: \ \3ª persona singular (él/ella/usted) pretérito indicativoMultiple Entries: despachar despacho
despachar ( conjugate despachar) verbo transitivo 1 ‹ correspondencia› to deal with, attend to ‹ mercancías› ( por barco) to ship; (por avión, tren) to send, dispatch 2 (Com) ( en tienda) to serve, deal with verbo intransitivo (Com) [ dependiente] to serve
despacho sustantivo masculino 1 ( estudio) study 2 ( envío) dispatch, despatch 3 ( comunicado) communiqué; (Mil) dispatch; (Period) report
despachar verbo transitivo
1 (atender en una tienda) to serve, wait on, help (customers)
2 (un asunto) to get through, deal with
3 (leer el correo) to send, dispatch
4 fam (a un empleado) to send packing, to sack
despacho sustantivo masculino
1 (oficina) office (en casa) study
2 (lugar de venta) despacho de pan, baker's (shop)
3 (comunicado oficial) dispatch ' despacho' also found in these entries: Spanish: abajo - apoltronarse - auditoría - bufete - consulta - decisión - desorganizada - desorganizado - escribanía - escritorio - notaría - recibir - gabinete - oficina English: cramped - face - into - March - meeting - off-licence - office - outrank - oval - study - bundle - clearance - dispatch - squash - telegraph
См. также в других словарях:
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