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101 APIF
APIF (Fichero de Información del Proceso de Automatización)Ex: In 1976 the Library began converting its preliminary catalog records to MARC form so as to build an Automated Process Information File (APIF) to control items that have entered the technical processing flow until they are represented by regular LC catalog records.
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102 Fichero de Información del Proceso de Automatización
Fichero de Información del Proceso de Automatización (APIF)Ex: In 1976 the Library began converting its preliminary catalog records to MARC form so as to build an Automated Process Information File (APIF) to control items that have entered the technical processing flow until they are represented by regular LC catalog records.
Spanish-English dictionary > Fichero de Información del Proceso de Automatización
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103 разоружение разоружени·е
всеобщее разоружение — general / global / total / universal disarmament
всеобщее и полное разоружение под строгим международным контролем — general and complete disarmament under strict international control
поэтапное разоружение — step-by-step / stage-by-stage / phased disarmament
сбалансированное / соразмерное разоружение — balanced disarmament
переговоры по ядерному разоружению — nuclear disarmament talks / negotiations
контроль в области разоружения, контроль за разоружением — control of disarmament
Russian-english dctionary of diplomacy > разоружение разоружени·е
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104 контроль
м. check, control, inspection; monitoringдозиметрический контроль — radiation monitoring; radiation survey
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105 Gutenberg, Johann Gensfleisch zum
SUBJECT AREA: Paper and printing[br]b. c. 1394–9 Mainz, Germanyd. 3 February 1468 Mainz, Germany[br]German inventor of printing with movable type.[br]Few biographical details are known of Johann Gensfleisch zum Gutenberg, yet it has been said that he was responsible for Germany's most notable contribution to civilization. He was a goldsmith by trade, of a patrician family of the city of Mainz. He seems to have begun experiments on printing while a political exile in Strasbourg c. 1440. He returned to Mainz between 1444 and 1448 and continued his experiments, until by 1450 he had perfected his invention sufficiently to justify raising capital for its commercial exploitation.Circumstances were propitious for the invention of printing at that time. Rises in literacy and prosperity had led to the formation of a social class with the time and resources to develop a taste for reading, and the demand for reading matter had outstripped the ability of the scribes to satisfy it. The various technologies required were well established, and finally the flourishing textile industry was producing enough waste material, rag, to make paper, the only satisfactory and cheap medium for printing. There were others working along similar lines, but it was Gutenberg who achieved the successful adaptation and combination of technologies to arrive at a process by which many identical copies of a text could be produced in a wide variety of forms, of which the book was the most important. Gutenberg did make several technical innovations, however. The two-piece adjustable mould for casting types of varying width, from T to "M", was ingenious. Then he had to devise an oil-based ink suitable for inking metal type, derived from the painting materials developed by contemporary Flemish artists. Finally, probably after many experiments, he arrived at a metal alloy of distinctive composition suitable for casting type.In 1450 Gutenberg borrowed 800 guldens from Johannes Fust, a lawyer of Mainz, and two years later Fust advanced a further 800 guldens, securing for himself a partnership in Gutenberg's business. But in 1455 Fust foreclosed and the bulk of Gutenberg's equipment passed to Peter Schöffer, who was in the service of Fust and later married his daughter. Like most early printers, Gutenberg seems not to have appreciated, or at any rate to have been able to provide for, the great dilemma of the publishing trade, namely the outlay of considerable capital in advance of each publication and the slowness of the return. Gutenberg probably retained only the type for the 42- and 36-line bibles and possibly the Catholicon of 1460, an encyclopedic work compiled in the thirteenth century and whose production pointed the way to printing's role as a means of spreading knowledge. The work concluded with a short descriptive piece, or colophon, which is probably by Gutenberg himself and is the only output of his mind that we have; it manages to omit the names of both author and printer.Gutenberg seems to have abandoned printing after 1460, perhaps due to failing eyesight as well as for financial reasons, and he suffered further loss in the sack of Mainz in 1462. He received a kind of pension from the Archbishop in 1465, and on his death was buried in the Franciscan church in Mainz. The only major work to have issued for certain from Gutenberg's workshop is the great 42-line bible, begun in 1452 and completed by August 1456. The quality of this Graaf piece of printing is a tribute to Gutenberg's ability as a printer, and the soundness of his invention is borne out by the survival of the process as he left it to the world, unchanged for over three hundred years save in minor details.[br]Further ReadingA.Ruppel, 1967, Johannes Gutenberg: sein Leben und sein Werk, 3rd edn, Nieuwkoop: B.de Graaf (the standard biography), A.M.L.de Lamartine, 1960, Gutenberg, inventeur de l'imprimerie, Tallone.Scholderer, 1963, Gutenberg, Inventor of Printing, London: British Museum.S.H.Steinberg, 1974, Five Hundred Years of Printing 3rd edn, London: Penguin (provides briefer details).LRDBiographical history of technology > Gutenberg, Johann Gensfleisch zum
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106 Lever, William Hesketh
[br]b. 19 September 1851 Bolton, Lancashire, Englandd. 7 May 1925 Hampstead, London, England[br]English manufacturer of soap.[br]William Hesketh Lever was the son of the retail grocer James Lever, who built up the large wholesale firm of Lever \& Co. in the north-west of England. William entered the firm at the age of 19 as a commercial traveller, and in the course of his work studied the techniques of manufacture and the quality of commercial soaps available at the time. He decided that he would concentrate on the production of a soap that was not evil-smelling, would lather easily and be attractively packaged. In 1884 he produced Sunlight Soap, which became the trade mark for Lever \& Co. He had each tablet wrapped, partly to protect the soap from oxygenization and thus prevent it from becoming rancid, and partly to display his brand name as a form of advertising. In 1885 he raised a large capital sum, purchased the Soap Factory in Warrington of Winser \& Co., and began manufacture. His product contained oils from copra, palm and cotton blended with tallow and resin, and its quality was carefully monitored during production. In a short time it was in great demand and began to replace the previously available alternatives of home-made soap and poor-quality, unpleasant-smelling bars.It soon became necessary to expand the firm's premises, and in 1887 Lever purchased fifty-six acres of land upon which he set up a new centre of manufacture. This was in the Wirral in Cheshire, near the banks of the River Mersey. Production at the new factory, which was called Port Sunlight, began in January 1889. Lever introduced a number of technical improvements in the production process, including the heating systems and the recovery of glycerine (which could later be sold) from the boiling process.Like Sir Titus Salt of Saltaire before him, Lever believed it to be in the interest of the firm to house his workers in a high standard of building and comfort close to the factory.By the early twentieth century he had created Port Sunlight Village, one of the earliest and certainly the most impressive housing estates, for his employees. Architecturally the estate is highly successful, being built from a variety of natural materials and vernacular styles by a number of distinguished architects, so preventing an overall architectural monotony. The comprehensive estate comprises, in addition to the factory and houses, a church, an art gallery, schools, a cottage hospital, library, bank, fire station, post office and shops, as well as an inn and working men's institute, both of which were later additions. In 1894 Lever \& Co. went public and soon was amalgamated with other soap firms. It was at its most successful high point by 1910.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsFirst Viscount Leverhulme of the Western Isles.Further Reading1985, Dictionary of Business Biography. Butterworth.Ian Campbell Bradley, 1987, Enlightened Entrepreneurs, London: Weidenfeld \& Nicolson.DY -
107 технология
(см. также процесс технологический)технология выполнения осмотров и профилактических работ — inspection and preventive maintenance proceduresтехнология монтажа — mounting procedure, wiring procedure (el.)технология обслуживания — maintenance procedure, maintenance practiceтехнология очистки (см. процесс очистки) — cleaning procedure, cleaning processтехнология ремонта — repair practice, repair procedureтехнология профилактического обслуживания, единая — standardized preventive maintenance procedures▪ The purpose of this Technical order is to outline standardized preventive maintenance procedures for the radio set, and to specify minimum compliance intervals for varying conditions of operation.Поставки машин и оборудования. Русско-английский словарь > технология
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108 интегрированная природоохранная технология
интегрированная природоохранная технология
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
integrated environmental protection technology
Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Integrated environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. (Source: ENVAR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > интегрированная природоохранная технология
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109 технология, защищающая окружающую среду
технология, защищающая окружающую среду
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[ http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]EN
environmental protection technology
Technologies that meet environmental objectives by incorporating pollution prevention concepts in their design. Environmental control strategies introduced in the early design stages of a process, rather than an end-of-pipe control option introduced in the later stages, improve the technical and economic performance of a process. (Source: ENVAR)
[http://www.eionet.europa.eu/gemet/alphabetic?langcode=en]Тематики
EN
DE
FR
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > технология, защищающая окружающую среду
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110 обсуждать
•We have not yet addressed the specific question of where and how magmas are generated.
•This process is rather a technical one, and will not be taken up (or discussed, or considered) here.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > обсуждать
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111 МТО
1) Military: logistic assistance, logistic support, logistical assistance, logistical support, logistics, logistics support, material logistics, materiel, materiel and technical support, materiel readiness, materiel support, service support, support, ILS2) Abbreviation: межрегиональный территориальный округ4) Sakhalin S: материально-техническое обеспечение5) Chemical weapons: mechanical and process department (Механо-технологический отдел), механико-технологический отдел, механо-технологический отдел -
112 ТЭО
1) General subject: FS2) Engineering: термоэлектрический охладитель - thermoelectric cooler3) Construction: feasibility study (проекта)4) Finances: project feasibility study6) Ecology: TEO8) Sakhalin energy glossary: production data, ТЭО комплексного освоения Пильтун-Астохского и Лунского лицензионных участков, временно согласованные сбросы, технико- экономическое обоснование, проект9) Sakhalin R: технико-экономическое обоснование10) Chemical weapons: process and experimental department (технологическо-экспериментальный отдел), технологически-экспериментальный отдел, технологическо-экспериментальный отдел -
113 Технико-экономическое обоснование комплексного освоения Пильтун-Астохского и
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > Технико-экономическое обоснование комплексного освоения Пильтун-Астохского и
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114 вспомогательный персонал
1) General subject: auxiliaries2) Aviation: support manpower4) Economy: auxiliary personnel, general duty personnel, support personnel, support staff5) Metallurgy: nonprofessional technical staff6) Advertising: supporting personnel, supporting staff7) Business: non-operational personnel8) Management: staff personnel9) Automation: indirect workers10) Makarov: ancillary workersУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > вспомогательный персонал
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115 производственная вода
1) Ecology: mill water2) Oilfield: process water, technical water3) Aluminium industry: industrial waterУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > производственная вода
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116 промышленный
1) General subject: commercial, industrial, manufactured, manufacturing, pay (о месторождении), payable (о рудном месторождении и т. п.), technical, trading2) Geology: economic3) Engineering: factory-made, process4) Construction: factory made, factory-built, industrial-type5) Mathematics: business6) Railway term: commercial (процесс или оборудование)8) Automobile industry: industrial (напр. о масле)11) Oil: production-scale (в промышленных масштабах), production12) Food industry: untrimmed13) Atomic energy: industrial type14) Business: industry15) Drilling: recoverable (о содержании ценного компонента в ископаемом)16) Polymers: commercial (-grade)17) Makarov: industrial (об отраслях знаний), technic, trade -
117 специальный
1) General subject: ad hoc, earmarked (фонд), especial, express, peculiar, single purpose, special, separate, specific, technical, topical2) Military: dedicated, unconventional3) Engineering: hoc, purpose-built, suitable4) Construction: special-purpose5) Law: select6) Economy: single-purpose7) Accounting: ad hoc (напр. о гипотезе)8) Information technology: custom, customized9) Oil: dedicated10) Mechanics: single-functional11) Patents: ad hoc12) Business: extra, qualifying, privileged13) Sakhalin energy glossary: dedicated14) Management: (marked by special care or attention) white-glove (white–glove service)15) Network technologies: tailored16) Automation: application-dependent, bespoke, process-specialized, proprietary17) Quality control: ad hoc (о предложениях, гипотезах)18) Makarov: distinctive, particular, purpose, technic, technologic, technological -
118 технико-технологические решения
oil&gas: technical and process design detailsУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > технико-технологические решения
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119 техническое водоснабжение
1) General subject: technical water supply2) Engineering: process water supply3) Construction: non potable water (Adrian Smith + Gordon Gill Architecture LLP and SFERA), service water supplyУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > техническое водоснабжение
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120 термин
term• Более обычным является представление решения в терминах... - It is more usual to express the solution in terms of...• Более удобно выразить это (соотношение и т. п.) в терминах... - This is more conveniently expressed in terms of...• Большая часть данной теории может быть развита в терминах... - A large part of the theory can be developed in terms of...• Вышеописанное явление может быть интерпретировано в терминах... - The phenomenon described above can be interpreted in terms of...• Говоря не столь техническими терминами,... - In less technical language,...• Здесь полезны два специальных термина. - Two special terms are useful here.• Как показано на рис. 1, этот процесс может быть понят в терминах... - As illustrated in Figure 1, this process can be understood in terms of...• Мы можем выразить данное соотношение в терминах следующей формулы. - We can express the relation in terms of the following formula.• Мы можем подытожить предыдущие результаты в простых терминах, замечая, что... - We can summarize the preceding results in simpler terms by noting that...• Напротив, метеоролог рассуждает (= размышляет), в основном, в терминах... - The meteorologist, on the other hand, thinks mainly in terms of...• Общую задачу можно поставить математически в терминах... - The general problem can be stated mathematically in terms of...• Поучительно выразить соотношение (4) в терминах... - It is instructive to express (4) in terms of...• С другой стороны, данный угол может быть представлен в терминах... - Alternatively, the angle may be given in terms of...• Таким образом, искомое преобразование было найдено в терминах... - Thus, the desired transformation has been found in terms of...• Термин "... " применяется в литературе неточно. - The word "... " is used (somewhat) loosely in the literature.• Термин "... " прочно вошел в физическую литературу. - The term "... " is deeply embedded in the physical literature.• Точные решения уравнения (1) могут быть получены в терминах известных функций, когда... - Exact solutions to (1) can be obtained in terms of known functions when...• Эквивалентная формулировка может быть сделана в терминах (чего-л). - An equivalent formulation may be given in terms of...• Эти результаты могут быть легко описаны в терминах... - These results can easily be described in terms of...• Это может быть сделано в терминах... - This can be done in terms of...• Это можно переписать в терминах... - This may be rewritten in terms of...• Это часто выражается в терминах... - This is frequently expressed in terms of...• Это явление можно описать в терминах... - This phenomenon can be understood in terms of...
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