task+statement

[ˈbɔdɪ]

accountancy body орган бухгалтерского учета adjudicatory body судебный орган administrative body административный орган advisory body совещательный орган appropriate body надлежащий орган body корпорация; организация; the body politic государство; autonomous bodies органы самоуправления black body физ. абсолютно черное тело body ассоциация body воинская часть, body of cavalry кавалерийский отряд, body of troops войсковое соединение body главная, основная часть (чего-л); корпус, остов, кузов; фюзеляж (самолета); главный корабль (церкви); ствол (дерева); ствольная коробка (винтовки); стакан (снаряда); станина (станка); корсаж, лиф (тж. body of a dress) body главная часть (документа) body группа людей; body of electors избиратели body комплекс body консистенция, сравнительная плотность (жидкости); кроющая способность (краски) body корпорация; организация; the body politic государство; autonomous bodies органы самоуправления body крепость (вина) body лига body лицо body масса; большинство; a great body of facts масса фактов body общество body орган, организация, группа, коллегия body орган body основная часть body основное содержание body перегонный куб, реторта body предмет body редк. придавать форму; воплощать (обыкн. body forth) body совокупность, комплекс body совокупность body субъект права body тело; celestial (или heavenly) body небесное тело, небесное светило; to keep body and soul together поддерживать существование body труп body туловище body разг. человек; a poor body бедняк body юридическое лицо body attr.: body count подсчет убитых; to deal a body blow ошарашить body attr.: body count подсчет убитых; to deal a body blow ошарашить body of a book главная часть книги (без предисловия, примечаний и т. п.); body of the order текст приказа; the main body воен. главные силы (войск); ядро (отряда и т. п.) body воинская часть, body of cavalry кавалерийский отряд, body of troops войсковое соединение body of coding sheet вчт. поле программного бланка body of delegates делегаты body группа людей; body of electors избиратели body of electors избиратели body of laws сборник законов body of laws совокупность правовых норм body of representatives представители body of specification pat. главная часть описания изобретения body of a book главная часть книги (без предисловия, примечаний и т. п.); body of the order текст приказа; the main body воен. главные силы (войск); ядро (отряда и т. п.) body воинская часть, body of cavalry кавалерийский отряд, body of troops войсковое соединение body of undertakings комплекс предприятий body корпорация; организация; the body politic государство; autonomous bodies органы самоуправления politic: body body государственная корпорация body body муниципальная корпорация body body политическая корпорация body body политическое образование body тело; celestial (или heavenly) body небесное тело, небесное светило; to keep body and soul together поддерживать существование collegial body коллегиальный орган consultative body консультативный орган consultative body совещательный орган controlling body контрольный орган corporate body корпорация, юридическое лицо, правосубъектная организация corporate body корпорация corporate body правосубъектная организация corporate body юридическое лицо corporate: body корпоративный, общий; corporate body корпоративная организация; corporate responsibility ответственность каждого члена корпорации cycle body вчт. тело цикла body attr.: body count подсчет убитых; to deal a body blow ошарашить delegate body представительный орган dictionary body корпус словаря executive body исполнительный орган expert body группа специалистов expert body экспертный орган external audit body внешний контрольный орган governing body административный совет governing body правительственный орган governing body руководящий орган body масса; большинство; a great body of facts масса фактов implementing body орган, обеспечивающий исполнение in a body в полном составе industrial body промышленная организация initiating body организация-учредитель iteration body вчт. тело цикла joint body объединенный орган judicial body судебный орган body тело; celestial (или heavenly) body небесное тело, небесное светило; to keep body and soul together поддерживать существование legislative body законодательный орган; learned body ученое общество legislative body законодательный орган; learned body ученое общество legislative body законодательный орган loop body вчт. тело цикла macro body вчт. макротело body of a book главная часть книги (без предисловия, примечаний и т. п.); body of the order текст приказа; the main body воен. главные силы (войск); ядро (отряда и т. п.) management body орган управления official body официальный орган body разг. человек; a poor body бедняк procedure body вчт. тело процедуры professional body профессиональная организация program body вчт. тело программы public body государственный орган public body общественный орган public international body государственный международный орган regulatory body контрольный орган regulatory body распорядительный орган relevant joint body компетентный совместный орган representative body представительный орган statement body вчт. тело оператора steering body руководящий орган student body студенческий орган supervising body контрольный орган supervisory body контрольный орган supervisory body наблюдательный орган supervisory: supervisory наблюдательный, контролирующий; a supervisory body контрольный орган swap body обменный пункт task body вчт. тело задачи

   1) Thoughts, Feelings, and Actions of Sentient Beings Are Not a Subject of Science

   It is a common notion, or at least it is implied in many common modes of speech, that the thoughts, feelings, and actions of sentient beings are not a subject of science.... This notion seems to involve some confusion of ideas, which it is necessary to begin by clearing up. Any facts are fitted, in themselves, to be a subject of science, which follow one another according to constant laws; although those laws may not have been discovered, nor even to be discoverable by our existing resources. (Mill, 1900, B. VI, Chap. 3, Sec. 1)

   2) Two Contending But Complementary Philosophies of Science

   One class of natural philosophers has always a tendency to combine the phenomena and to discover their analogies; another class, on the contrary, employs all its efforts in showing the disparities of things. Both tendencies are necessary for the perfection of science, the one for its progress, the other for its correctness. The philosophers of the first of these classes are guided by the sense of unity throughout nature; the philosophers of the second have their minds more directed towards the certainty of our knowledge. The one are absorbed in search of principles, and neglect often the peculiarities, and not seldom the strictness of demonstration; the other consider the science only as the investigation of facts, but in their laudable zeal they often lose sight of the harmony of the whole, which is the character of truth. Those who look for the stamp of divinity on every thing around them, consider the opposite pursuits as ignoble and even as irreligious; while those who are engaged in the search after truth, look upon the other as unphilosophical enthusiasts, and perhaps as phantastical contemners of truth.... This conflict of opinions keeps science alive, and promotes it by an oscillatory progress. (Oersted, 1920, p. 352)

   3) The Fundamental Ideas of Science Are Essentially Simple

   Most of the fundamental ideas of science are essentially simple, and may, as a rule, be expressed in a language comprehensible to everyone. (Einstein & Infeld, 1938, p. 27)

   4) A New Scientific Truth Triumphs Because Its Opponents Eventually Die

   A new scientific truth does not triumph by convincing its opponents and making them see the light, but rather because its opponents eventually die, and a new generation grows up that is familiar with it. (Planck, 1949, pp. 33-34)

   [Original quotation: "Eine neue wissenschaftliche Wahrheit pflegt sich nicht in der Weise durchzusetzen, dass ihre Gegner ueberzeugt werden und sich as belehrt erklaeren, sondern vielmehr dadurch, dass die Gegner allmaehlich aussterben und dass die heranwachsende Generation von vornherein mit der Wahrheit vertraut gemacht ist." (Planck, 1990, p. 15)]

   5) The Search for the Absolute

   I had always looked upon the search for the absolute as the noblest and most worth while task of science. (Planck, 1949, p. 46)

   6) When Your Scientific Doing Is Worthless

   If you cannot-in the long run-tell everyone what you have been doing, your doing has been worthless. (SchroЁdinger, 1951, pp. 7-8)

   7) Description in Plain Language Is a Criterion of Understanding

   Even for the physicist the description in plain language will be a criterion of the degree of understanding that has been reached. (Heisenberg, 1958, p. 168)

   8) The Tentativeness of Scientific Statements

   The old scientific ideal of episteґmeґ-of absolutely certain, demonstrable knowledge-has proved to be an idol. The demand for scientific objectivity makes it inevitable that every scientific statement must remain tentative forever. It may indeed be corroborated, but every corroboration is relative to other statements which, again, are tentative. Only in our subjective experiences of conviction, in our subjective faith, can we be "absolutely certain." (Popper, 1959, p. 280)

   9) Scientists Often Close Their Minds to New Scientific Evidence

   The layman, taught to revere scientists for their absolute respect for the observed facts, and for the judiciously detached and purely provisional manner in which they hold scientific theories (always ready to abandon a theory at the sight of any contradictory evidence) might well have thought that, at Miller's announcement of this overwhelming evidence of a "positive effect" [indicating that the speed of light is not independent from the motion of the observer, as Einstein's theory of relativity demands] in his presidential address to the American Physical Society on December 29th, 1925, his audience would have instantly abandoned the theory of relativity. Or, at the very least, that scientists-wont to look down from the pinnacle of their intellectual humility upon the rest of dogmatic mankind-might suspend judgment in this matter until Miller's results could be accounted for without impairing the theory of relativity. But no: by that time they had so well closed their minds to any suggestion which threatened the new rationality achieved by Einstein's world-picture, that it was almost impossible for them to think again in different terms. Little attention was paid to the experiments, the evidence being set aside in the hope that it would one day turn out to be wrong. (Polanyi, 1958, pp. 12-13)

    10) The Practice of Normal Science

   The practice of normal science depends on the ability, acquired from examplars, to group objects and situations into similarity sets which are primitive in the sense that the grouping is done without an answer to the question, "Similar with respect to what?" (Kuhn, 1970, p. 200)

    11) Of What Science Consists

   Science in general... does not consist in collecting what we already know and arranging it in this or that kind of pattern. It consists in fastening upon something we do not know, and trying to discover it. (Collingwood, 1972, p. 9)

    12) The Emergence of Scientific Fields

   Scientific fields emerge as the concerns of scientists congeal around various phenomena. Sciences are not defined, they are recognized. (Newell, 1973a, p. 1)

    13) We Do Not Take Our Theories Seriously Enough

   This is often the way it is in physics-our mistake is not that we take our theories too seriously, but that we do not take them seriously enough. I do not think it is possible really to understand the successes of science without understanding how hard it is-how easy it is to be led astray, how difficult it is to know at any time what is the next thing to be done. (Weinberg, 1977, p. 49)

    14) Science Takes away Philosophical Foundations

   Science is wonderful at destroying metaphysical answers, but incapable of providing substitute ones. Science takes away foundations without providing a replacement. Whether we want to be there or not, science has put us in a position of having to live without foundations. It was shocking when Nietzsche said this, but today it is commonplace; our historical position-and no end to it is in sight-is that of having to philosophize without "foundations." (Putnam, 1987, p. 29)