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1 target profit plan
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2 plan
мен. план; проект; програмазаздалегідь розроблена, підготовлена менеджментом (management²) програма дій, процедур тощо, за якою передбачають виконання організаційних цілей, завдань, обсягу роботи і т. ін.═════════■═════════action plan план заходів; advertising plan план реклами • рекламний план • план рекламної кампанії; allocation plan план розподілу чого-небудь; alternative plan варіант плану • альтернативний план; amended plan уточнений план; annual plan річний план; appraisal plan система оцінювання; approved plan затверджений план; assistance plan план допомоги; balanced plan збалансований план; basic plan основний план • опорний план; bonus plan система заохочення • система заохочувальних винагород; brand plan план випуску марки • план випуску марочного товару; budget plan кошторисний план; business plan комерційний план • бізнес-план • план ділової активності; business-building plan план розширення діяльності; business-portfolio plan план розвитку сфери діяльності; campaign plan план рекламної кампанії; capacity plan план підвищення продуктивності • план розвитку виробничої потужності; capital investment plan план капіталовкладень; capital spending plan програма капіталовкладень; coherent plan послідовний план • внутрішньо скоординований план; combined plan поєднаний план; communications plan план комунікації; company-wide plan загальнофірмовий план; compensation plan програма відшкодовування; complete plan комплексний план; comprehensive plan комплексний план; concrete plan конкретний план; consumption plan план споживання; contingent consumption plan умовний план споживання; coordinated plan координований план; copy plan структура тексту; cost finding plan система калькуляційних відомостей; counter plan зустрічний план; coupon plan купонна програма; creative plan творчий план; credit plan кредитний план; current plan поточний план; daily plan добовий план • план на добу; decision plan схема прийняття рішень; delivery plan план постачання; departmental plan план відділу; development plan план розвитку; differential time plan почасово-прогресивна система заробітної плати; distribution plan план розподілу; draft plan проект плану; economic plan економічний план • господарський план; editorial plan редакційний план; elaborate plan старанно продуманий план; emergency plan план на випадок надзвичайних обставин • план на непередбачені випадки; employment plan програма забезпечення зайнятості; export plan план експорту; export-import plan план експорту-ім-порту товарів; family assistance plan програма допомоги багатодітним родинам; feasible plan допустимий план (у задачах лінійного програмування); financial plan фінансовий план; financing plan план фінансування; fixed plan твердий план • встановлений план; food stamp plan програма харчових купонів; formal plan формальний план; general plan загальний план; health insurance plan план медичного страхування; housing development plan програма житлового будівництва; implementation plan план здійснення наміченого; import plan план імпорту; initial plan вихідний план; inspection plan план інспекції • план приймального контролю; instalment plan план купівлі на виплат; integrated plan комплексний план; introductory plan ввідний план • план виходу на ринок; investment plan програма капіталовкладень; layaway plan відкладання і сплачування товару на виплат; lease plan план оренди; long-range plan перспективний план • довгостроковий план; long-term plan перспективний план • довгостроковий план; management plan план організаційної діяльності; market plan план роботи на ринку • план ринкової діяльності; marketing plan план збуту • план маркетингу; master plan генеральний план • зведений план; media plan план застосування засобів реклами • медіа-план; medium-term plan середньостроковий план; multistage plan багатоетапний план; multiple-time plan відрядно-прогресивна система заробітної плати; national plan національний план; national economic plan народногосподарський план; national media plan план застосування загальнонаціональних засобів реклами; objectionable plan неприйнятний план; on-going plan поточний план • план, який здійснюється в поточний період; operating plan виробничий план • оперативний фінансовий план; operational plan оперативний план; optimal plan оптимальний план; organization plan схема організаційної структури; organizational plan організаційний план • організаційна структура; outline plan схематичний план; output plan план випуску продукції; overall plan всеосяжний план; package plan комплексний план • пакет заходів • комплекс заходів; pay plan порядок виплати зарплати; payment plan план виплати; payout plan схема виплати; pension plan система пенсійного забезпечення; practicable plan здійсненний план; preliminary plan попередній план; procurement plan план закупівлі; product plan план виробництва товару • план випуску товару; product promotion plan план просування товару; production plan виробничий план; profit plan заходи для отримання прибутку; profit-sharing plan система участі в прибутках; projected plan план на майбутнє; promotion plan план стимулювання збуту • план стимулювання; provisional plan тимчасовий план; publicity plan план популяризації • рекламний план; purchase plan план закупівлі; quality assurance plan програма забезпечення якості продукції; quarterly plan квартальний план; recruitment plan план набору персоналу; research plan план досліджень; retirement plan план пенсійного забезпечення • пенсійна програма; revised plan переглянутий план; rough plan приблизний план • орієнтовний план; sales plan план збуту; sales promotion plan план стимулювання збуту; sampling plan програма вибіркового обстеження • план вибіркового контролю; short-range plan короткостроковий план; short-term plan короткостроковий план; spending plan програма витрат; stowage plan план розміщення вантажу в вантажних приміщеннях судна; strategic plan стратегічний план; summary plan зведений план; supply plan план постачання; support plan план допомоги; survey plan план обстеження; systematic plan комплексний план; tactical plan тактичний план; target profit plan заходи для отримання цільового прибутку; technical plan технічний план; trial-use plan пробне вживання товару; turnover plan план обороту; unacceptable plan неприйнятний план; underestimated plan нереальний план; wage plan система заробітної плати; workable plan здійсненний план; working plan робочий план; yearly plan річний план; zone plan зональний план═════════□═════════according to plan згідно з планом • за планом • відповідно до плану; plan for expansion програма розвитку; plan of action план дій; plan of distribution план розподілу • план розміщення; plan of operation план роботи; to abandon a plan відмовлятися/відмовитися від плану • скасовувати/скасувати план; to adhere to a plan дотримуватися/дотриматися плану • додержуватися/додержатися плану; to adjust a plan вивіряти/вивірити план • коригувати/відкоригувати план; to approve a plan затверджувати/затвердити план; to carry out a plan виконувати/ виконати план; to coordinate plans координувати/скоординувати плани; to draw up a plan упорядковувати/упорядкувати план • накреслювати/накреслити план; to elaborate onaplan розробляти/розробити план; to execute a plan виконувати/ виконати план; to finance a plan фінансувати план; to fund a plan фінансувати план; to go ahead with plans реалізовувати/реалізувати план; to implement a plan виконувати/виконати план; to incorporate in a plan включати/включити в план; to interfere with plans розладнувати/розладнати плани; to launch a plan братися/взятися за виконання плану; to make plans складати/скласти плани; to negotiate a plan обговорювати/обговорити план; to offer a plan пропонувати/запропонувати план; to outline a plan накреслювати/накреслити план; to prepare a plan готувати/підготувати план; to propose a plan пропонувати/запропонувати план; to put forward a plan висувати/висунути план; to reconsider a plan переглядати/переглянути план; to refine a plan уточнювати/уточнити план; to revise a plan переглядати/переглянути план; to spoil plans розладнувати/розладнати плани; to submit a plan подавати/подати план на розгляд; to work out a plan розробляти/розробити план -
3 plan
1. сущ.1) общ. план, проект, программа (схема какой-л. деятельности, разработанная до начала ее осуществления; напр., план деятельности компании, план продаж и т. п.)annual plan — годовой план, план на год
five-year plan — пятилетний план, план на пять лет
Syn:See:advertising plan, affirmative action plan, aggregate plan, alternative plan, budget plan, business plan, cargo plan, financial plan, investment plan, long-term plan, medium-term plan, performance plan, short-term plan, strategic plan, single-use plan, standing plan, tactical plan, planning, budgeting, contingency plan, accumulation plan, automatic reinvestment plan, constant dollar plan, constant ratio plan, variable ratio plan, personal equity plan, Carpenter plan2) общ. схема, чертеж (напр., расположения оборудования, размещения людей в аудитории, структуры организации и т. п.)Syn:3) страх., эк. тр. план, программа, схема, система (порядок выплаты пенсий, пособий или дополнительных выплат работникам т. п.)See:401(k) plan, 403(b) plan, 457 plan, age-weighted profit sharing plan, annuity plan, assigned risk plan, cafeteria plan, capitated plan, career average plan, collectively bargained plan, contributory pension plan, death benefit only plan, defined benefit pension plan, defined contribution pension plan, deferred compensation plan, Deferred Profit Sharing Plan, dependent care assistance plan, deposit administration plan, dividend reinvestment plan, employee benefit plan, employee share ownership plan, fee-for-service plan, final-average-pay plan, funded pension plan, health plan, hospital cash plan, insurance plan, junior stock plan, Keogh plan, managed care plan, money purchase plan, multi-employer plan, multiple employer plan, non-qualified plan, payroll savings plan, Payroll Stock Ownership Plan, pension equity plan, pension plan, phantom stock plan, point of service plan, premium conversion plan, prescription drug plan, profit sharing plan, reinvestment plan, Roth plan, safe harbor plan, salary continuation plan, salary reduction plan, Scanlon Plan, Section 125 plan, self-insured plan, share incentive plan, share repurchase plan, single-employer plan, target benefit plan, top-hat plan, top-heavy plan, welfare plan, plan provider, summary plan description2. гл.1) общ. составлять план, планироватьSee:2) общ. намереваться, собираться (сделать что-л.)He plans to be in graduate school next year. — Он собирается поступить в магистратуру в следующем году.
3) общ. проектировать, чертить, создавать чертеж [схему\]
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1) план; 2) цели, которые компания стремится достигнуть за определенный период.* * *см. package-----система мер, направленная на достижение целей и задач -
4 target
1. n1) цель, целевая установка; плановая цифра; плановое задание2) цель, мишень, объект•to achieve / to attain the target — достигать намеченной цели, выполнять намеченные / плановые показатели
to establish target — устанавливать контрольную цифру / плановое задание
to fix target — устанавливать контрольную цифру / плановое задание
to fulfill / to hit the target — достигать намеченной цели, выполнять намеченные / плановые показатели
to realize the target — достигать намеченной цели, выполнять намеченные / плановые показатели
- civilian targetto set operational targets — ставить оперативные плановые задания / задачи
- easy target
- economic targets
- financial target for the assistance program
- financial targets
- finite target
- general targets
- global targets
- growth targets
- intermediate targets
- key target
- legitimate target for attack
- long-term target
- lucrative target
- main target
- mobile target
- operational targets
- optimum targets
- overall target
- plan targets
- planned targets
- pledging target
- prime target
- principal target
- production target
- profit target
- quantitative target
- reappraisal of economic targets
- short-term target
- social target
- soft target
- soft-skinned target
- specific targets
- target for criticism
- target for voluntary contributions
- target of smb's attacks
- UN aid targets 2. v1) ставить цель, намечать цель2) делать кого-л. мишенью -
5 target
n1) цель2) план, контрольная цифра
- designated target
- export targets
- import targets
- key target
- output target
- plan target
- production target
- profit target
- sales target
- specific target
- work target
- above the target
- beat the target
- exceed the target
- hit the target
- outstrip the targetEnglish-russian dctionary of contemporary Economics > target
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6 target
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7 target
1. n мишень, цель; объект2. n мишень для уколов3. n поражаемое пространство4. n физ. мишень для бомбардировки элементарными частицами5. n состязание в стрельбе6. n число выбитых очков7. n объект, предметtarget of criticism — мишень для критики; предмет критики
8. n посмешище9. n задание; плановая или контрольная цифра10. n кул. отруб для жаркого, состоящий из шейной части и грудинки бараньей туши11. n геод. визирная марка12. n ж. -д. сигнал13. n антикатод14. n указатель15. n вчт. выход, выходная информацияtarget text — выходной текст, текст на выходе
16. v амер. воен. приводить к нормальному бою, пристреливать17. v намечать, планировать18. v амер. ж. -д. давать сигналСинонимический ряд:1. butt (noun) bull's eye; bull's-eye; butt; laughingstock; mark; point; scapegoat; sitting duck; victim2. use (noun) aim; ambition; design; destination; duty; end; function; goal; intent; intention; meaning; object; objective; plan; purpose; quaesitum; use; view3. aim for (verb) aim for; mark -
8 target
1) цель; задание || ставить или намечать цель2) намеченная цифра; плановая цифра; контрольная цифра -
9 pension plan
фин., страх., эк. тр. пенсионный план, система пенсионного обеспечения, пенсионная схема (схема, по которой работодатель, а иногда также и работник, периодически перечисляет средства на специальный счет, средства с которого под управлением пенсионного фонда инвестируются в различные активы, а впоследствии направляются на выплаты пенсий данному работнику)Syn:See:advance funded pension plan, Canada Pension Plan, cash-balance pension plan, company pension plan, contributory pension plan, corporate pension plan, defined benefit pension plan, defined contribution pension plan, executive pension plan, final salary pension plan, funded pension plan, group pension plan, group personal pension plan, hybrid pension plan, individual pension plan, money purchase pension plan, non-contributory pension plan, non-qualified pension plan, occupational pension plan, personal pension plan, portable pension plan, private pension plan, profit sharing pension plan, public pension plan, qualified pension plan, registered pension plan, self-employed pension plan, self-employment pension plan, simplified employee pension plan, stakeholder pension plan, tax-deferred pension plan, trusteed pension plan, unfunded pension plan, pension plan administrator, pension plan funding, pension plan manager, pension plan provider, pension plan sponsor, pension plan termination insurance, pension plan trustee, salary reduction simplified employee pension plan, self-invested personal pension plan, pension equity plan, Keogh plan, personal pension scheme, deposit administration plan, 401(k) plan, safe harbor plan, 403(b) plan, target benefit plan, plan participant, pension fund, individual retirement account, salary-related scheme, final salary scheme, final-average-pay plan, career average plan, approved pension scheme, unapproved pension scheme, active member, pension consultant, summary plan description, pension contribution, plan loan, hardship withdrawal
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пенсионный план: схема, при которой работодатель (часто вместе с работником) делает регулярные взносы в пенсионный фонд, из которого делаются выплаты после выхода работников на пенсию; см. contributory pension plan;* * *. Фонд, образованный с целью выплаты пенсий . Инвестиционная деятельность . -
10 business plan
Gen Mgta document describing the current activities of a business, setting out its aims and objectives and how they are to be achieved over a set period of time. A business plan may cover the activities of an organization or a group of companies, or it may deal with a single department within the organization. In the former case, it is sometimes referred to as a corporate plan. The sections of a business plan usually include a market analysis describing the target market, customers, and competitors, an operations plan describing how products and services will be developed and produced, and a financial section providing profit, budget, and cash flow forecasts, annual accounts, and financial requirements. Businesses may use a business plan internally as a framework for implementing strategy and improving performance or externally to attract investment or raise capital for development plans. A business plan may form part of the overall planning process, or corporate planning, within an organization and be used for the implementation of corporate strategy. -
11 план получения целевой прибыли
Advertising: target profit planУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > план получения целевой прибыли
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12 план целевой прибыли
Advertising: target profit planУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > план целевой прибыли
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13 план
муж. plan;
draft;
plane;
scheme;
map (города) ;
target (задание) ;
мн. counsel (намерение) снимать план чего-л. ≈ to make a plan of smth. выдвигать на первый план ≈ to put in the forefront выдвинуться на передний план ≈ to come to the fore, to advance to the forefront срывать планы( враждебные) ≈ to defeat/foil the plans строить планы ≈ to plan, to make plans широкие планы ≈ extensive /big plans генеральный план ≈ general layout учебный план ≈ curriculum по плану ≈ according to plan выполнять план ≈ to fulfil the plan наметить план ≈ to draw up a plan расстраивать планы ≈ to spoil/upset smb.'s plans вне плана ≈ over and above the plan встречный план ≈ counter-plan сверх плана ≈ in excess of the plan, over and above the plan срыв плана ≈ wrecking/frustration of the plan срывать план ≈ to ruin/frustrate a plan чертить план ≈ to draw a plan первый план передний план задний планм.
1. plan;
schedule;
~ производственный ~ production plan/program;
разрабатывать ~ draw* up a plan;
выполнять ~ fulfil the plan;
строить ~ы на будущее plan for the future;
снять ~ местности survey a district;
~ оборота торг. turnover plan;
~ поставок delivery plan;
~ прибыли profit plan;
~ экспорта и импорта export-import plan;
детальный календарный ~ detail schedule;
~ тренировок training plan;
опережать ~ be* ahead of schedule;
отставать от ~а be* behind schedule;
~ павильона кино floor plan;
2. (расположение предмета в перспективе): передний ~ foreground;
задний ~ background;
крупный ~ кино close-up;
общий ~ кино long shot;
отойти на задний ~ be* relegated to the background;
здоровье у него на последнем ~е he takes no care of his health;
вопрос обсуждался в теоретическом, общем ~е the question was discussed on a theoretical, general plane. -
14 money purchase Keogh
страх., эк. тр., амер. план Киу покупки денег*, план Киу с покупкой денег* (разновидность плана Киу с отсроченным налогообложением, по условиям которой работодатель обязан делать взносы в размере фиксированного процента от текущего дохода работника; предназначен для самозанятых людей и сотрудников мелких предприятий)See: -
15 плановость
планов|ость - ж. planned nature;
~ый
1. planned;
~ая прибыль эк. target fee, target profit;
~ая работа planned work;
2. (занимающийся составлением планов) planning attr. ;
plan attr. ;
~ый отдел planning department.Большой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > плановость
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16 near cash
!гос. фин. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.This paper provides background information on the framework for the planning and control of public expenditure in the UK which has been operated since the 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR). It sets out the different classifications of spending for budgeting purposes and why these distinctions have been adopted. It discusses how the public expenditure framework is designed to ensure both sound public finances and an outcome-focused approach to public expenditure.The UK's public spending framework is based on several key principles:"consistency with a long-term, prudent and transparent regime for managing the public finances as a whole;" "the judgement of success by policy outcomes rather than resource inputs;" "strong incentives for departments and their partners in service delivery to plan over several years and plan together where appropriate so as to deliver better public services with greater cost effectiveness; and"the proper costing and management of capital assets to provide the right incentives for public investment.The Government sets policy to meet two firm fiscal rules:"the Golden Rule states that over the economic cycle, the Government will borrow only to invest and not to fund current spending; and"the Sustainable Investment Rule states that net public debt as a proportion of GDP will be held over the economic cycle at a stable and prudent level. Other things being equal, net debt will be maintained below 40 per cent of GDP over the economic cycle.Achievement of the fiscal rules is assessed by reference to the national accounts, which are produced by the Office for National Statistics, acting as an independent agency. The Government sets its spending envelope to comply with these fiscal rules.Departmental Expenditure Limits ( DEL) and Annually Managed Expenditure (AME)"Departmental Expenditure Limit ( DEL) spending, which is planned and controlled on a three year basis in Spending Reviews; and"Annually Managed Expenditure ( AME), which is expenditure which cannot reasonably be subject to firm, multi-year limits in the same way as DEL. AME includes social security benefits, local authority self-financed expenditure, debt interest, and payments to EU institutions.More information about DEL and AME is set out below.In Spending Reviews, firm DEL plans are set for departments for three years. To ensure consistency with the Government's fiscal rules departments are set separate resource (current) and capital budgets. The resource budget contains a separate control total for “near cash” expenditure, that is expenditure such as pay and current grants which impacts directly on the measure of the golden rule.To encourage departments to plan over the medium term departments may carry forward unspent DEL provision from one year into the next and, subject to the normal tests for tautness and realism of plans, may be drawn down in future years. This end-year flexibility also removes any incentive for departments to use up their provision as the year end approaches with less regard to value for money. For the full benefits of this flexibility and of three year plans to feed through into improved public service delivery, end-year flexibility and three year budgets should be cascaded from departments to executive agencies and other budget holders.Three year budgets and end-year flexibility give those managing public services the stability to plan their operations on a sensible time scale. Further, the system means that departments cannot seek to bid up funds each year (before 1997, three year plans were set and reviewed in annual Public Expenditure Surveys). So the credibility of medium-term plans has been enhanced at both central and departmental level.Departments have certainty over the budgetary allocation over the medium term and these multi-year DEL plans are strictly enforced. Departments are expected to prioritise competing pressures and fund these within their overall annual limits, as set in Spending Reviews. So the DEL system provides a strong incentive to control costs and maximise value for money.There is a small centrally held DEL Reserve. Support from the Reserve is available only for genuinely unforeseeable contingencies which departments cannot be expected to manage within their DEL.AME typically consists of programmes which are large, volatile and demand-led, and which therefore cannot reasonably be subject to firm multi-year limits. The biggest single element is social security spending. Other items include tax credits, Local Authority Self Financed Expenditure, Scottish Executive spending financed by non-domestic rates, and spending financed from the proceeds of the National Lottery.AME is reviewed twice a year as part of the Budget and Pre-Budget Report process reflecting the close integration of the tax and benefit system, which was enhanced by the introduction of tax credits.AME is not subject to the same three year expenditure limits as DEL, but is still part of the overall envelope for public expenditure. Affordability is taken into account when policy decisions affecting AME are made. The Government has committed itself not to take policy measures which are likely to have the effect of increasing social security or other elements of AME without taking steps to ensure that the effects of those decisions can be accommodated prudently within the Government's fiscal rules.Given an overall envelope for public spending, forecasts of AME affect the level of resources available for DEL spending. Cautious estimates and the AME margin are built in to these AME forecasts and reduce the risk of overspending on AME.Together, DEL plus AME sum to Total Managed Expenditure (TME). TME is a measure drawn from national accounts. It represents the current and capital spending of the public sector. The public sector is made up of central government, local government and public corporations.Resource and Capital Budgets are set in terms of accruals information. Accruals information measures resources as they are consumed rather than when the cash is paid. So for example the Resource Budget includes a charge for depreciation, a measure of the consumption or wearing out of capital assets."Non cash charges in budgets do not impact directly on the fiscal framework. That may be because the national accounts use a different way of measuring the same thing, for example in the case of the depreciation of departmental assets. Or it may be that the national accounts measure something different: for example, resource budgets include a cost of capital charge reflecting the opportunity cost of holding capital; the national accounts include debt interest."Within the Resource Budget DEL, departments have separate controls on:"Near cash spending, the sub set of Resource Budgets which impacts directly on the Golden Rule; and"The amount of their Resource Budget DEL that departments may spend on running themselves (e.g. paying most civil servants’ salaries) is limited by Administration Budgets, which are set in Spending Reviews. Administration Budgets are used to ensure that as much money as practicable is available for front line services and programmes. These budgets also help to drive efficiency improvements in departments’ own activities. Administration Budgets exclude the costs of frontline services delivered directly by departments.The Budget preceding a Spending Review sets an overall envelope for public spending that is consistent with the fiscal rules for the period covered by the Spending Review. In the Spending Review, the Budget AME forecast for year one of the Spending Review period is updated, and AME forecasts are made for the later years of the Spending Review period.The 1998 Comprehensive Spending Review ( CSR), which was published in July 1998, was a comprehensive review of departmental aims and objectives alongside a zero-based analysis of each spending programme to determine the best way of delivering the Government's objectives. The 1998 CSR allocated substantial additional resources to the Government's key priorities, particularly education and health, for the three year period from 1999-2000 to 2001-02.Delivering better public services does not just depend on how much money the Government spends, but also on how well it spends it. Therefore the 1998 CSR introduced Public Service Agreements (PSAs). Each major government department was given its own PSA setting out clear targets for achievements in terms of public service improvements.The 1998 CSR also introduced the DEL/ AME framework for the control of public spending, and made other framework changes. Building on the investment and reforms delivered by the 1998 CSR, successive spending reviews in 2000, 2002 and 2004 have:"provided significant increase in resources for the Government’s priorities, in particular health and education, and cross-cutting themes such as raising productivity; extending opportunity; and building strong and secure communities;" "enabled the Government significantly to increase investment in public assets and address the legacy of under investment from past decades. Departmental Investment Strategies were introduced in SR2000. As a result there has been a steady increase in public sector net investment from less than ¾ of a per cent of GDP in 1997-98 to 2¼ per cent of GDP in 2005-06, providing better infrastructure across public services;" "introduced further refinements to the performance management framework. PSA targets have been reduced in number over successive spending reviews from around 300 to 110 to give greater focus to the Government’s highest priorities. The targets have become increasingly outcome-focused to deliver further improvements in key areas of public service delivery across Government. They have also been refined in line with the conclusions of the Devolving Decision Making Review to provide a framework which encourages greater devolution and local flexibility. Technical Notes were introduced in SR2000 explaining how performance against each PSA target will be measured; and"not only allocated near cash spending to departments, but also – since SR2002 - set Resource DEL plans for non cash spending.To identify what further investments and reforms are needed to equip the UK for the global challenges of the decade ahead, on 19 July 2005 the Chief Secretary to the Treasury announced that the Government intends to launch a second Comprehensive Spending Review (CSR) reporting in 2007.A decade on from the first CSR, the 2007 CSR will represent a long-term and fundamental review of government expenditure. It will cover departmental allocations for 2008-09, 2009-10 and 2010 11. Allocations for 2007-08 will be held to the agreed figures already announced by the 2004 Spending Review. To provide a rigorous analytical framework for these departmental allocations, the Government will be taking forward a programme of preparatory work over 2006 involving:"an assessment of what the sustained increases in spending and reforms to public service delivery have achieved since the first CSR. The assessment will inform the setting of new objectives for the decade ahead;" "an examination of the key long-term trends and challenges that will shape the next decade – including demographic and socio-economic change, globalisation, climate and environmental change, global insecurity and technological change – together with an assessment of how public services will need to respond;" "to release the resources needed to address these challenges, and to continue to secure maximum value for money from public spending over the CSR period, a set of zero-based reviews of departments’ baseline expenditure to assess its effectiveness in delivering the Government’s long-term objectives; together with"further development of the efficiency programme, building on the cross cutting areas identified in the Gershon Review, to embed and extend ongoing efficiency savings into departmental expenditure planning.The 2007 CSR also offers the opportunity to continue to refine the PSA framework so that it drives effective delivery and the attainment of ambitious national standards.Public Service Agreements (PSAs) were introduced in the 1998 CSR. They set out agreed targets detailing the outputs and outcomes departments are expected to deliver with the resources allocated to them. The new spending regime places a strong emphasis on outcome targets, for example in providing for better health and higher educational standards or service standards. The introduction in SR2004 of PSA ‘standards’ will ensure that high standards in priority areas are maintained.The Government monitors progress against PSA targets, and departments report in detail twice a year in their annual Departmental Reports (published in spring) and in their autumn performance reports. These reports provide Parliament and the public with regular updates on departments’ performance against their targets.Technical Notes explain how performance against each PSA target will be measured.To make the most of both new investment and existing assets, there needs to be a coherent long term strategy against which investment decisions are taken. Departmental Investment Strategies (DIS) set out each department's plans to deliver the scale and quality of capital stock needed to underpin its objectives. The DIS includes information about the department's existing capital stock and future plans for that stock, as well as plans for new investment. It also sets out the systems that the department has in place to ensure that it delivers its capital programmes effectively.This document was updated on 19 December 2005.Near-cash resource expenditure that has a related cash implication, even though the timing of the cash payment may be slightly different. For example, expenditure on gas or electricity supply is incurred as the fuel is used, though the cash payment might be made in arrears on aquarterly basis. Other examples of near-cash expenditure are: pay, rental.Net cash requirement the upper limit agreed by Parliament on the cash which a department may draw from theConsolidated Fund to finance the expenditure within the ambit of its Request forResources. It is equal to the agreed amount of net resources and net capital less non-cashitems and working capital.Non-cash cost costs where there is no cash transaction but which are included in a body’s accounts (or taken into account in charging for a service) to establish the true cost of all the resourcesused.Non-departmental a body which has a role in the processes of government, but is not a government public body, NDPBdepartment or part of one. NDPBs accordingly operate at arm’s length from governmentMinisters.Notional cost of a cost which is taken into account in setting fees and charges to improve comparability with insuranceprivate sector service providers.The charge takes account of the fact that public bodies donot generally pay an insurance premium to a commercial insurer.the independent body responsible for collecting and publishing official statistics about theUK’s society and economy. (At the time of going to print legislation was progressing tochange this body to the Statistics Board).Office of Government an office of the Treasury, with a status similar to that of an agency, which aims to maximise Commerce, OGCthe government’s purchasing power for routine items and combine professional expertiseto bear on capital projects.Office of the the government department responsible for discharging the Paymaster General’s statutoryPaymaster General,responsibilities to hold accounts and make payments for government departments and OPGother public bodies.Orange bookthe informal title for Management of Risks: Principles and Concepts, which is published by theTreasury for the guidance of public sector bodies.Office for NationalStatistics, ONS60Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————"GLOSSARYOverdraftan account with a negative balance.Parliament’s formal agreement to authorise an activity or expenditure.Prerogative powerspowers exercisable under the Royal Prerogative, ie powers which are unique to the Crown,as contrasted with common-law powers which may be available to the Crown on the samebasis as to natural persons.Primary legislationActs which have been passed by the Westminster Parliament and, where they haveappropriate powers, the Scottish Parliament and the Northern Ireland Assembly. Begin asBills until they have received Royal Assent.arrangements under which a public sector organisation contracts with a private sectorentity to construct a facility and provide associated services of a specified quality over asustained period. See annex 7.5.Proprietythe principle that patterns of resource consumption should respect Parliament’s intentions,conventions and control procedures, including any laid down by the PAC. See box 2.4.Public Accountssee Committee of Public Accounts.CommitteePublic corporationa trading body controlled by central government, local authority or other publiccorporation that has substantial day to day operating independence. See section 7.8.Public Dividend finance provided by government to public sector bodies as an equity stake; an alternative to Capital, PDCloan finance.Public Service sets out what the public can expect the government to deliver with its resources. EveryAgreement, PSAlarge government department has PSA(s) which specify deliverables as targets or aimsrelated to objectives.a structured arrangement between a public sector and a private sector organisation tosecure an outcome delivering good value for money for the public sector. It is classified tothe public or private sector according to which has more control.Rate of returnthe financial remuneration delivered by a particular project or enterprise, expressed as apercentage of the net assets employed.Regularitythe principle that resource consumption should accord with the relevant legislation, therelevant delegated authority and this document. See box 2.4.Request for the functional level into which departmental Estimates may be split. RfRs contain a number Resources, RfRof functions being carried out by the department in pursuit of one or more of thatdepartment’s objectives.Resource accountan accruals account produced in line with the Financial Reporting Manual (FReM).Resource accountingthe system under which budgets, Estimates and accounts are constructed in a similar wayto commercial audited accounts, so that both plans and records of expenditure allow in fullfor the goods and services which are to be, or have been, consumed – ie not just the cashexpended.Resource budgetthe means by which the government plans and controls the expenditure of resources tomeet its objectives.Restitutiona legal concept which allows money and property to be returned to its rightful owner. Ittypically operates where another person can be said to have been unjustly enriched byreceiving such monies.Return on capital the ratio of profit to capital employed of an accounting entity during an identified period.employed, ROCEVarious measures of profit and of capital employed may be used in calculating the ratio.Public Privatepartnership, PPPPrivate Finance Initiative, PFIParliamentaryauthority61Managing Public Money"————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARYRoyal charterthe document setting out the powers and constitution of a corporation established underprerogative power of the monarch acting on Privy Council advice.Second readingthe second formal time that a House of Parliament may debate a bill, although in practicethe first substantive debate on its content. If successful, it is deemed to denoteParliamentary approval of the principle of the proposed legislation.Secondary legislationlaws, including orders and regulations, which are made using powers in primary legislation.Normally used to set out technical and administrative provision in greater detail thanprimary legislation, they are subject to a less intense level of scrutiny in Parliament.European legislation is,however,often implemented in secondary legislation using powers inthe European Communities Act 1972.Service-level agreement between parties, setting out in detail the level of service to be performed.agreementWhere agreements are between central government bodies, they are not legally a contractbut have a similar function.Shareholder Executive a body created to improve the government’s performance as a shareholder in businesses.Spending reviewsets out the key improvements in public services that the public can expect over a givenperiod. It includes a thorough review of departmental aims and objectives to find the bestway of delivering the government’s objectives, and sets out the spending plans for the givenperiod.State aidstate support for a domestic body or company which could distort EU competition and sois not usually allowed. See annex 4.9.Statement of Excessa formal statement detailing departments’ overspends prepared by the Comptroller andAuditor General as a result of undertaking annual audits.Statement on Internal an annual statement that Accounting Officers are required to make as part of the accounts Control, SICon a range of risk and control issues.Subheadindividual elements of departmental expenditure identifiable in Estimates as single cells, forexample cell A1 being administration costs within a particular line of departmental spending.Supplyresources voted by Parliament in response to Estimates, for expenditure by governmentdepartments.Supply Estimatesa statement of the resources the government needs in the coming financial year, and forwhat purpose(s), by which Parliamentary authority is sought for the planned level ofexpenditure and income.Target rate of returnthe rate of return required of a project or enterprise over a given period, usually at least a year.Third sectorprivate sector bodies which do not act commercially,including charities,social and voluntaryorganisations and other not-for-profit collectives. See annex 7.7.Total Managed a Treasury budgeting term which covers all current and capital spending carried out by the Expenditure,TMEpublic sector (ie not just by central departments).Trading fundan organisation (either within a government department or forming one) which is largely orwholly financed from commercial revenue generated by its activities. Its Estimate shows itsnet impact, allowing its income from receipts to be devoted entirely to its business.Treasury Minutea formal administrative document drawn up by the Treasury, which may serve a wide varietyof purposes including seeking Parliamentary approval for the use of receipts asappropriations in aid, a remission of some or all of the principal of voted loans, andresponding on behalf of the government to reports by the Public Accounts Committee(PAC).62Managing Public Money————————————————————————————————————————GLOSSARY63Managing Public MoneyValue for moneythe process under which organisation’s procurement, projects and processes aresystematically evaluated and assessed to provide confidence about suitability, effectiveness,prudence,quality,value and avoidance of error and other waste,judged for the public sectoras a whole.Virementthe process through which funds are moved between subheads such that additionalexpenditure on one is met by savings on one or more others.Votethe process by which Parliament approves funds in response to supply Estimates.Voted expenditureprovision for expenditure that has been authorised by Parliament. Parliament ‘votes’authority for public expenditure through the Supply Estimates process. Most expenditureby central government departments is authorised in this way.Wider market activity activities undertaken by central government organisations outside their statutory duties,using spare capacity and aimed at generating a commercial profit. See annex 7.6.Windfallmonies received by a department which were not anticipated in the spending review.———————————————————————————————————————— -
17 marketing
сущ.1) эк. торговля, реализация, продажа, сбыт (процесс передачи товаров от производителей промежуточным или конечным потребителям)ATTRIBUTES: cooperative, direct 1. 3), domestic 1. 2) а), global 1. 1) а), local 1. 1) а), mass 3. 1) а), national 1. 1) а), regional
See:cooperative marketing 2), direct marketing 2), domestic marketing 2), global marketing 2), 1), local marketing 2), mass marketing 2), national marketing 2), regional marketing 2) marketing authority, marketing behaviour 2), marketing board, marketing contract, marketing facilities 1), marketing level 2), marketing outlet 2), marketing permit, marketing position 2), marketing potential 2), marketing quota, marketing territory, marketing transaction 2), marketing year, usual marketing requirements, advertising, selling, merchandising2) марк. маркетинг (система методов и средств продвижения товаров или услуг от производителя к потребителю; включает анализ рынка, дизайн, разработку упаковки, разработку системы сбыта, рекламу и т. д.)marketing director — маркетинговый директор, директор по маркетингу
marketing expert — маркетинговый эксперт, эксперт в области маркетинга
marketing expertise — маркетинговая экспертиза, экспертная оценка в области маркетинга
Do we need to improve marketing or simply drop a particular product? — Нужно ли нам улучшить маркетинг или лучше отказаться от какого-л. продукта?
Internet marketing is not as difficult as it sounds. — Маркетинг в интернет не так сложен, как может показаться.
ATTRIBUTES: affinity, agricultural, ambush, back end, bank, bench, brand, business site, business-to-business, buzz, catalogue, cause-related, celebrity, circulation, competitive, concentrated 1) а), consumer goods, consumer, consumer-oriented, convergent, conversion, cooperative, corporate, counter, cross, customized, database, data-driven, developing, differentiated, dimensional, direct mail, direct, direct response, divergent, domestic 2) а), door-to-door, electronic, enlightened, ethnic, event, exponential, export 3. 2) а), farm 1. 1) а), financial 1. 2) а), foreign 1. 1) б), fraudulent, front end, full-scale, generic, geodemographic, global 1. 1) б), grassroots, green, grey, health care, housing, idea, incentive, industrial 1. 1) а), а, innovative, integrated, interactive, international, Internet, joint, knowledge-based, leveraged, list, local 1. 1) а), mass, media, multichannel, multilevel, multisegment, multistep, national 1. 1) а), negative option, network, niche, non-profit, one-step, one-to-one, on-line, operational, opt-in, opt-out, organic, organizational, permission, person, personal, personnel, place, product, product-differentiated, product-oriented, promotion, promotional, referral, regional, request, retail, scientific, segmented, sense-of-mission, service 1. 2) а), shopper, social, societal, sports, stimulating, strategic, structure, supporting, symbiotic, synchro, tactical, target 3. 2) а), targeted, telephone, television, test, trade, undifferentiated, unsegmented, vacation, value, vendor, video, viral, world
See:affinity marketing, agricultural marketing, agrimarketing, ambush marketing, back end marketing, back-end marketing, bank marketing, benchmarketing, brand marketing, business site marketing, business-to-business marketing, buzz marketing, catalogue marketing, cause-related marketing, celebrity marketing, circulation marketing, comarketing, co-marketing, competitive marketing, concentrated marketing, consumer goods marketing, consumer marketing, consumer-oriented marketing, convergent marketing, conversion marketing, cooperative marketing 1), corporate marketing, countermarketing, counter-marketing, cross-marketing, customized marketing, database marketing, data-driven marketing, demarketing, developing marketing, differentiated marketing, dimensional marketing, direct mail marketing, direct marketing 1), direct response marketing, direct-mail marketing, divergent marketing, domestic marketing 1), door-to-door marketing, electronic marketing, e-marketing, enlightened marketing, ethnic marketing, event marketing, events marketing, exponential marketing, export marketing, farm marketing, financial marketing, foreign marketing, fraudulent marketing, front end marketing, front-end marketing, full-scale marketing, generic marketing, geodemographic marketing, global marketing 1), grassroots marketing, green marketing, grey marketing, health care marketing, housing marketing, idea marketing, incentive marketing, industrial marketing, innovative marketing, integrated marketing, interactive marketing, international marketing, 2), joint marketing, knowledge-based marketing, leveraged marketing, list marketing, local marketing 1), macromarketing, mass marketing 1), media marketing, megamarketing, micromarketing, micro-marketing, multilevel marketing, multisegment marketing, multistep marketing, multi-step marketing, national marketing 1), negative option marketing, network marketing, niche marketing, non-profit marketing, one-step marketing, one-to-one marketing, on-line marketing, operational marketing, opt-in marketing, opt-out marketing, organic marketing, organizational marketing, permission marketing, person marketing, personal marketing, personnel marketing, place marketing, political candidate marketing, political marketing, pre-emptive marketing, premarketing, pre-marketing, product marketing, product-differentiated marketing, product-oriented marketing, promotion marketing, promotional marketing, referral marketing, regional marketing 1), remarketing, request marketing, retail marketing, scientific marketing, segmented marketing, sense-of-mission marketing, services marketing, shopper marketing, social marketing, societal marketing, sports marketing, stimulating marketing, strategic marketing, structure marketing, supporting marketing, symbiotic marketing, synchro marketing, synchromarketing, tactical marketing, target marketing, targeted marketing, telemarketing, telephone marketing, television marketing, test marketing, trade marketing, undifferentiated marketing, unsegmented marketing, vacation marketing, value marketing, vendor marketing, video marketing, viral marketing, world marketing, marketing action, marketing administration, marketing agency, marketing agreement, marketing analysis, marketing analyst, marketing appeal, marketing approach, marketing area, marketing arithmetic, marketing audit, marketing auditor, marketing behaviour 1), marketing bill, marketing budget, marketing campaign, marketing capability, marketing career, marketing chain, marketing channel, marketing communications, marketing company, marketing concept, marketing consultant, marketing control, marketing cooperation, marketing cooperative, marketing cost, marketing database, marketing decision, marketing department, marketing editor, marketing effectiveness, marketing efficiency, marketing environment, marketing ethics, marketing evaluation, marketing event, marketing expenditure, marketing expense, marketing expense-to-sales analysis, marketing experiment, marketing facilities 2), marketing feasibility, marketing firm, marketing function, marketing image, marketing implications, marketing information system, marketing instrument, marketing intelligence, marketing intermediary, marketing launch, marketing level 1), marketing logistics, marketing man, marketing management, marketing manager, marketing margin, marketing media, marketing medium, marketing middleman, marketing mix, marketing model, marketing myopia, marketing niche, marketing offer, marketing opportunity, marketing organization, marketing orientation, marketing outlet 1), marketing overkill, marketing performance, marketing plan, marketing planning, marketing position 1), marketing positioning, marketing potential 1), marketing productivity, marketing representative, marketing research, marketing response, marketing risk, marketing science, marketing scientist, marketing segmentation, marketing service, marketing specialist, marketing spread, marketing stimulus, marketing strategy, marketing strength, marketing support, marketing system, marketing tactics, marketing technique, marketing tool, marketing transaction 1), marketing value, marketing warfare, marketing weakness, advertising, pricing, promotion, product line, ICC / ESOMAR International Code of Marketing and Social Research Practice, ICC Guidelines / Code on Advertising and Marketing on the Internet, ICC International Codes of Marketing and Advertising Practices, Journal of Marketing, Marketing Society, American Marketing Association, British Institute of Marketing, Chartered Institute of Marketing, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation, Communication, Advertising and Marketing Education Foundation3) торг. покупка продуктов (как правило, на рынке), закупка провизииI could prove that any male could do the weekly marketing at our local Ding Dong faster than any Mom. — Могу сказать с уверенностью, что любой мужчина может закупать провизию в нашем местном "Динг-Донге" быстрее домохозяйки.
See:4) потр., редк. предметы торговли; купленные товары [продукты\]See:
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маркетинг: система методов и средств продвижения товаров от производителя к потребителю; включает анализ рынка, дизайн, разработку упаковки, организацию сбыта, рекламу и т. д.* * *. система организации производственно-сбытовой деятельности предприятия, в основе которой лежит комплексное изучение рынка, оценка и учет всех условий производства и сбыта продукции, товаров, услуг в ближайшее и более отдаленной перспективе. Основными элементами М. выступают: маркетинговые исследования и сбор информации, планирование ассортимента продукции, реализация, реклама и стимулирование сбыта. . Словарь экономических терминов 1 .* * *маркетинг’процесс выявления, максимизации и удовлетворения потребительского спроса на изделия компании -
18 incentive
1. сущ.1) эк. поощрение, стимул, побудительный мотив (в общем смысле: нечто, мотивирующее или поощряющее выполнение определенного действия; в экономической теории: любой денежный или неденежный стимул, вознаграждающий за определенное действие; предполагается, что в основе любого действия должно лежать какой-л. стимул; совокупность всех стимулов человека полностью определяет его выбор)Syn:See:incentive compatibility, incentive constraint, structure of incentives, premium 1. 1), export incentives2) упр. поощрение, стимул, премия, компенсация, награда (денежное вознаграждение, подарок, льгота и т. п., специально используемые для поощрения какого-л. действия; напр.: налоговые льготы для поощрения инвестиций в определенный сектор экономики, премии для вознаграждения продуктивных работников; подарки покупателям для стимулирования сбыта и т. п.)staff incentive — стимул [поощрительное вознаграждение\] для персонала
As an incentive to economy, the contractor receives a bonus if the final cost is less than the target price. — В качестве стимула к экономии, подрядчик получает вознаграждение в случае, если его конечные затраты окажутся ниже, чем предполагаемая цена.
Syn:See:dealer incentive, wage incentive, work incentive, group incentive, managerial incentive, sales incentive, structure of incentives, pain incentive, Lincoln incentive management plan, sanction, premium 1. 4)2. прил.эк. стимулирующий, поощряющий, поощрительный (напр., о премиях, призванных поощрять повышение производительности труда, государственных льготах, призванных поощрять создание новых предприятий в определенном секторе экономики или регионе и т. д.)incentive payment to the contractors for early completion of work — поощрительный платеж подрядчикам за досрочное выполнение работ
See:incentive bonus, incentive plan, incentive rate, incentive shares, incentive stock option, Lincoln incentive management plan, profit sharing incentive plan, share incentive plan, Voluntary Separation Incentive Pay
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льгота, поощрение, стимул.* * *льгота; стимул. . Словарь экономических терминов . -
19 marketing
марк., рек., збут n маркетинг; організація збуту; реалізація; збут; система збуту; торгівля; a маркетинговий; збутовийсистема організації підприємницької діяльності, що орієнтується на врахування вимог ринку та активний вплив на попит з метою розширення збуту товарів; ♦ на організаційному рівні маркетинг охоплює великий спектр діяльності, пов'язаний з рекламуванням (advertising¹), стимулюванням збуту (promotion¹), плануванням (planning), стимулюванням сфери торгівлі (merchandising), реалізацією (sales¹) товарів чи послуг, їх популяризацією (publicity¹) тощо═════════■═════════agricultural marketing сільськогосподарський маркетинг • маркетинг сільськогосподарської продукції; brand — маркетинг товарної марки; competitive marketing конкурентний маркетинг • маркетинг конкурентів; concentrated marketing концентрований маркетинг; consumer marketing маркетинг на споживчому ринку; consumer-orientated marketing маркетинг з орієнтацією на споживача; cooperative marketing спільний маркетинг • збут через систему кооперативів; corporate marketing маркетинг корпорацій • корпоративний маркетинг; counteractive marketing протидіючий маркетинг; data-driven marketing маркетинг, керований потоком даних; direct marketing прямий маркетинг • збут без посередників; domestic marketing маркетинг на внутрішньому ринку; domicile marketing маркетинг житла; electronic marketing електронний маркетинг; export marketing маркетинг експорту; foreign marketing маркетинг на закордонних ринках; full-scale marketing повномас-штабний маркетинг; generic marketing маркетинг немарочних товарів; global marketing; industrial marketing промисловий маркетинг; innovative marketing новаторський маркетинг; integrated marketing інтегрований маркетинг; international marketing міжнародний маркетинг; joint marketing спільний маркетинг; local marketing маркетинг на місцевому рівні; mass marketing масовий маркетинг; media marketing маркетинг засобів поширення інформації • маркетинг засобів реклами; multistep marketing багатоступеневий маркетинг; national marketing загальнонаціональний маркетинг; niche marketing; non-profit marketing маркетинг некомерційних організацій • маркетинг у сфері некомерційної діяльності; one-step marketing одноступеневий маркетинг; political marketing політичний маркетинг; product marketing товарний маркетинг; product-differentiated marketing товарно диференційований маркетинг; publishing marketing маркетинг видавничої діяльності • книжковий ринок • видавничий маркетинг; regional marketing місцевий маркетинг • регіональний збут • маркетинг регіонального масштабу; retail marketing роздрібний маркетинг • маркетинг у сфері роздрібної торгівлі; scientific marketing науковий маркетинг; service marketing маркетинг послуг; social marketing суспільний маркетинг; target marketing цільовий маркетинг; test marketing пробний маркетинг; video marketing відеомаркетинг; world marketing всесвітній маркетинг • маркетинг у світовому масштабі═════════□═════════marketing activities діяльність у галузі маркетингу • маркетингова діяльність; marketing agreement угода про збут продукції; marketing analysis аналіз збуту; marketing association збутова асоціація; marketing audit перевірка збуту • ревізія збуту; marketing board рада з маркетингу; marketing budget бюджет маркетингу • маркетинговий бюджет; marketing campaign кампанія організації й стимулювання збуту; marketing cartel картель у сфері збуту продукції; marketing competition конкуренція за ринки збуту; marketing concept маркетингове поняття; marketing contribution сприяння збуту продукції; marketing contol регулювання збуту • керування маркетингом; marketing cooperative збутовий кооператив; marketing costs витрати збуту • маркетингові витрати; marketing department комерційний відділ • відділ збуту; marketing director директор відділу збуту • завідувач відділу збуту; marketing effort маркетинговий захід • захід у сфері організації і стимулювання збуту; marketing environment маркетингове середовище; marketing executive спеціаліст у галузі маркетингу; marketing exhibition торговельна виставка; marketing expenses витрати збуту; marketing information system система маркетингової інформації; marketing manager завідувач відділу збуту; marketing method метод збуту продукції; marketing mix; marketing organization збутова організація; marketing plan план збуту продукції; marketing policy політика в галузі збуту • стратегія в галузі збуту; marketing possibilities можливості маркетингу • можливості збуту; marketing potential сподівана реалізація • потенціал маркетингу; marketing practice методика маркетингу; marketing purpose мета маркетингу; marketing research маркетингові дослідження • аналіз можливостей збуту; marketing scheme програма збуту продукції • система маркетингу; marketing strategy маркетингова стратегія • стратегія маркетингу; marketing syndicate синдикат у сфері збуту • маркетинговий синдикат; marketing team маркетингова команда; marketing technique методи маркетингуmarketing ‡ business organization (384)═════════◇═════════маркетинг < англ. marketing < market — ринок, збут* * *маркетинг; реалізація; збут -
20 stand
stand [stænd]stand ⇒ 1 (a) étal ⇒ 1 (a) support ⇒ 1 (b) plate-forme ⇒ 1 (c) tribune ⇒ 1 (c), 1 (d) barre ⇒ 1 (f) position ⇒ 1 (g) mettre ⇒ 2 (a) poser ⇒ 2 (a) supporter ⇒ 2 (b)-(d) se lever ⇒ 3 (a) être debout ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (c) être ⇒ 3 (b), 3 (e), 3 (f) se tenir ⇒ 3 (b) reposer ⇒ 3 (d), 3 (g) se trouver ⇒ 3 (e) rester ⇒ 3 (g) rester valable ⇒ 3 (h) se classer ⇒ 3 (j)(pt & pp stood [stʊd])1 noun(a) (stall, booth → at exhibition, trade fair) stand m; (→ in market) étal m, éventaire m; (kiosk) kiosque m;∎ a shooting stand un stand de tir;∎ newspaper stand kiosque m (à journaux)(b) (frame, support → gen) support m; (→ for lamp, sink) pied m; (→ on bicycle, motorbike) béquille f; (→ for pipes, guns) râtelier m; Commerce (→ for magazines, sunglasses) présentoir m; (lectern) lutrin m;∎ bicycle stand (in street) râtelier m à bicyclettes;∎ plant stand sellette f;∎ plate stand support m à assiette, présentoir m;∎ Commerce revolving stand tourniquet m, présentoir m rotatif(d) (in sports ground) tribune f;∎ the stands roared un rugissement s'éleva des tribunes ou des gradins∎ (taxi) stand station f de taxis(f) (in courtroom) barre f;∎ the first witness took the stand le premier témoin est venu à la barre(g) (position, stance) position f;∎ to take a stand on sth prendre position sur qch;∎ what's your stand on the issue? quelle est votre position sur la question?;∎ he refuses to take a stand il refuse de prendre position∎ to make a stand résister;∎ they made a stand at the foot of the hill ils ont résisté au pied de la colline;∎ to make a stand against an abuse s'opposer résolument à un abus;∎ History Custer's last stand la dernière bataille de Custer∎ a fine stand of corn un beau champ de blé;∎ a stand of bamboo un massif de bambous(a) (set, place) mettre, poser;∎ he stood the boy on a chair il a mis le garçon debout sur une chaise;∎ she stood her umbrella in the corner elle a mis son parapluie dans le coin;∎ to stand sth on (its) end mettre qch debout;∎ help me stand the bedstead against the wall aide-moi à dresser le sommier ou mettre le sommier debout contre le mur(b) (endure, withstand) supporter;∎ his heart couldn't stand the shock son cœur n'a pas résisté au ou n'a pas supporté le choc;∎ it will stand high temperatures without cracking cela peut résister à ou supporter des températures élevées sans se fissurer;∎ how much weight can the bridge stand? quel poids le pont peut-il supporter?;∎ the motor wasn't built to stand intensive use le moteur n'a pas été conçu pour supporter un usage intensif;∎ wool carpeting can stand a lot of hard wear les moquettes en laine sont très résistantes;∎ she's not strong enough to stand another operation elle n'est pas assez forte pour supporter une nouvelle opération;∎ he certainly doesn't stand comparison with Bogart il n'est absolument pas possible de le comparer avec Bogart;∎ their figures don't stand close inspection leurs chiffres ne résistent pas à un examen sérieux∎ I can't stand it any longer! je n'en peux plus!;∎ how can you stand working with him? comment est-ce que vous faites pour ou comment arrivez-vous à travailler avec lui?;∎ I've had as much as I can stand of your griping! j'en ai assez de tes jérémiades!;∎ if there's one thing I can't stand, it's hypocrisy s'il y a quelque chose que je ne supporte pas, c'est bien l'hypocrisie;∎ I can't stand (the sight of) him! je ne peux pas le supporter!, je ne peux pas le voir en peinture!;∎ she can't stand Wagner/smokers elle ne peut pas supporter Wagner/les fumeurs;∎ he can't stand flying il déteste prendre l'avion∎ oil company profits could certainly stand a cut une diminution de leurs bénéfices ne ferait aucun mal aux compagnies pétrolières;∎ he could stand a bath! un bain ne lui ferait pas de mal!;∎ American could I stand a drink! je prendrais bien un petit verre!(e) (perform duty of) remplir la fonction de;∎ to stand witness for sb (at marriage) être le témoin de qn∎ to stand sb a meal payer un repas à qn;∎ to stand a chance (of doing sth) avoir de bonnes chances (de faire qch);∎ you don't stand a chance! vous n'avez pas la moindre chance!;∎ the plans stand little chance of being approved les projets ont peu de chances d'être approuvés(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ he refused to stand for the national anthem il a refusé de se lever pendant l'hymne national(b) (be on one's feet) être debout, se tenir debout; (in a specified location, posture) être, se tenir;∎ I've been standing all day je suis resté debout toute la journée;∎ I had to stand all the way j'ai dû voyager debout pendant tout le trajet;∎ she was so tired she could hardly stand elle était si fatiguée qu'elle avait du mal à tenir debout ou sur ses jambes;∎ wear flat shoes if you have to stand a lot portez des chaussures à talons plats si vous devez rester debout pendant des heures;∎ I don't mind standing ça ne me gêne pas de rester debout;∎ don't stand near the edge ne restez pas près du bord;∎ don't just stand there, do something! ne restez pas là à ne rien faire!;∎ stand clear! écartez-vous!;∎ I saw her standing at the window je l'ai vue (debout) à la fenêtre;∎ a man stood in the doorway un homme se tenait à la porte;∎ do you see that man standing over there? vous voyez cet homme là-bas?;∎ where should I stand? - beside Yvonne où dois-je me mettre? - à côté d'Yvonne;∎ I'll be standing outside the theatre j'attendrai devant le théâtre;∎ small groups of men stood talking at street corners des hommes discutaient par petits groupes au coin des rues;∎ he was standing at the bar il était debout au comptoir;∎ is there a chair I can stand on? y a-t-il une chaise sur laquelle je puisse monter?;∎ they were standing a little way off ils se tenaient un peu à l'écart;∎ excuse me, you're standing on my foot excusez-moi, vous me marchez sur le pied;∎ American to stand in line faire la queue;∎ School stand in the corner! au coin!;∎ to stand upright or erect se tenir droit;∎ he was so nervous he couldn't stand still il était si nerveux qu'il ne tenait pas en place;∎ I stood perfectly still, hoping they wouldn't see me je me suis figé sur place en espérant qu'ils ne me verraient pas;∎ stand still! ne bougez pas!, ne bougez plus!;∎ stand with your feet apart écartez les pieds;∎ the heron was standing on one leg le héron se tenait debout sur une patte;∎ to stand on tiptoe se tenir sur la pointe des pieds;∎ stand and deliver! la bourse ou la vie!;∎ figurative to stand on one's own two feet se débrouiller tout seul;∎ figurative he left the others standing (gen) il était de loin le meilleur; (in race) il a laissé les autres sur place(c) (be upright → post, target etc) être debout;∎ not a stone (of the building) was left standing le bâtiment était complètement détruit;∎ the house is still standing la maison tient toujours debout;∎ the aqueduct has stood for centuries l'aqueduc est là depuis des siècles;∎ the wheat stood high les blés étaient hauts(d) (be supported, be mounted) reposer;∎ the coffin stood on trestles le cercueil reposait sur des tréteaux;∎ the house stands on solid foundations la maison repose ou est bâtie sur des fondations solides;∎ figurative this argument stands on three simple facts ce raisonnement repose sur trois simples faits∎ the fort stands on a hill la forteresse se trouve en haut d'une colline;∎ this is where the city gates once stood c'est ici qu'autrefois se dressaient les portes de la ville;∎ the piano stood in the centre of the room le piano était au centre ou occupait le centre de la pièce;∎ the bottles stood in rows of five les bouteilles étaient disposées en rangées de cinq;∎ do you see the lorry standing next to my car? vous voyez le camion qui est à côté de ma voiture?;∎ a wardrobe stood against one wall il y avait une armoire contre un mur(f) (indicating current state of affairs, situation) être;∎ how do things stand? où en est la situation?;∎ I'd like to know where I stand with you j'aimerais savoir où en sont les choses entre nous;∎ I don't know where I stand j'ignore quelle est ma situation ou ma position;∎ you never know how or where you stand with her on ne sait jamais sur quel pied danser avec elle;∎ as things stand, as matters stand telles que les choses se présentent;∎ he's dissatisfied with the contract as it stands il n'est pas satisfait du contrat tel qu'il a été rédigé;∎ just print the text as it stands imprimez le texte tel quel;∎ he stands accused of rape il est accusé de viol;∎ she stands alone in advocating this approach elle est la seule à préconiser cette approche;∎ I stand corrected je reconnais m'être trompé ou mon erreur;∎ the doors stood wide open les portes étaient grandes ouvertes;∎ I've got a taxi standing ready j'ai un taxi qui attend;∎ the police are standing ready to intervene la police se tient prête à intervenir;∎ the party stands united behind him le parti est uni derrière lui;∎ no-one stands above the law personne n'est au-dessus des lois;∎ their turnover now stands at three million pounds leur chiffre d'affaires atteint désormais les trois millions de livres;∎ the exchange rate stands at 5 francs to the dollar le taux de change est de 5 francs pour un dollar;∎ we're standing right behind you nous sommes avec vous;∎ with the union standing behind him avec le soutien du syndicat;∎ nothing stood between her and victory rien ne pouvait désormais l'empêcher de gagner;∎ it's the only thing standing between us and financial disaster c'est la seule chose qui nous empêche de sombrer dans un désastre financier;∎ to stand in need of… avoir besoin de…;∎ he stands in danger of losing his job il risque de perdre son emploi;∎ I stood lost in admiration j'en suis resté béat d'admiration;∎ to stand in sb's way bloquer le passage à qn;∎ figurative don't stand in my way! n'essaie pas de m'en empêcher!;∎ nothing stands in our way now maintenant, la voie est libre;∎ if you want to leave school I'm not going to stand in your way si tu veux quitter l'école, je ne m'y opposerai pas;∎ it's his lack of experience that stands in his way c'est son manque d'expérience qui le handicape;∎ their foreign debt stands in the way of economic recovery leur dette extérieure constitue un obstacle à la reprise économique;∎ her pride is the only thing standing in the way of their reconciliation son orgueil est le seul obstacle à leur réconciliation∎ the machines stood idle les machines étaient arrêtées;∎ the houses stood empty awaiting demolition les maisons, vidées de leurs occupants, attendaient d'être démolies;∎ time stood still le temps semblait s'être arrêté;∎ the car has been standing in the garage for a year ça fait un an que la voiture n'a pas bougé du garage;∎ I've decided to let my flight reservation stand j'ai décidé de ne pas changer ma réservation d'avion;∎ let the mixture stand until the liquid is clear laissez reposer le mélange jusqu'à ce que le liquide se clarifie;∎ the champion stands unbeaten le champion reste invaincu;∎ his theory stood unchallenged for a decade pendant dix ans, personne n'a remis en cause sa théorie;∎ the government will stand or fall on the outcome of this vote le maintien ou la chute du gouvernement dépend du résultat de ce vote;∎ united we stand, divided we fall l'union fait la force∎ my invitation still stands vous êtes toujours invité;∎ the verdict stands unless there's an appeal le jugement reste valable à moins que l'on ne fasse appel;∎ even with this new plan, our objection still stands ce nouveau projet ne remet pas en cause notre objection première;∎ the bet stands le pari tient;∎ what you said last week, does that still stand? et ce que tu as dit la semaine dernière, ça tient toujours?(i) (measure → person, tree) mesurer;∎ she stands 5 feet in her stocking feet elle mesure moins de 1,50 m pieds nus;∎ the building stands ten storeys high l'immeuble compte dix étages∎ this hotel stands among the best in the world cet hôtel figure parmi les meilleurs du monde;∎ American she stands first/last in her class elle est la première/la dernière de sa classe;∎ I know she stands high in your opinion je sais que tu as une très bonne opinion d'elle;∎ for price and quality, it stands high on my list en ce qui concerne le prix et la qualité, je le range ou le compte parmi les meilleurs∎ how or where does he stand on the nuclear issue? quelle est sa position ou son point de vue sur la question du nucléaire?;∎ you ought to tell them where you stand vous devriez leur faire part de votre position∎ to stand to lose risquer de perdre;∎ to stand to win avoir des chances de gagner;∎ they stand to make a huge profit on the deal ils ont des chances de faire un bénéfice énorme dans cette affaire;∎ no one stands to gain from a quarrel like this personne n'a rien à gagner d'une telle querelle∎ she stood for Waltham elle a été candidate à la circonscription de Waltham;∎ will he stand for re-election? va-t-il se représenter aux élections?;∎ she's standing as an independent elle se présente en tant que candidate indépendante∎ no standing (sign) arrêt interdit∎ you're standing c'est ta tournéerester là;∎ we stood about or around waiting for the flight announcement nous restions là à attendre que le vol soit annoncé;∎ the prisoners stood about or around in small groups les prisonniers se tenaient par petits groupes;∎ after Mass, the men stand about or around in the square après la messe, les hommes s'attardent sur la place;∎ I can't afford to pay people to stand around all day doing nothing je n'ai pas les moyens de payer les gens à ne rien faire;∎ I'm not just going to stand about waiting for you to make up your mind! je n'ai pas l'intention de rester là à attendre que tu te décides!(move aside) s'écarter;∎ stand aside, someone's fainted! écartez-vous, quelqu'un s'est évanoui!;∎ he politely stood aside to let us pass il s'écarta ou s'effaça poliment pour nous laisser passer;∎ figurative to stand aside in favour of sb (gen) laisser la voie libre à qn; Politics se désister en faveur de qn(a) (move back) reculer, s'écarter;∎ stand back from the doors! écartez-vous des portes!;∎ she stood back to look at herself in the mirror elle recula pour se regarder dans la glace;∎ the painting is better if you stand back from it le tableau est mieux si vous prenez du recul(b) (be set back) être en retrait ou à l'écart;∎ the house stands back from the road la maison est en retrait (de la route)(c) (take mental distance) prendre du recul;∎ I need to stand back and take stock j'ai besoin de prendre du recul et de faire le point➲ stand by(a) (support → person) soutenir;∎ I'll stand by you through thick and thin je te soutiendrai ou je resterai à tes côtés quoi qu'il arrive∎ to stand by an agreement respecter un accord;∎ I stand by what I said/my original analysis of the situation je m'en tiens à ce que j'ai dit/ma première analyse de la situation(a) (not intervene) rester là (sans rien faire ou sans intervenir);∎ how could you just stand by and watch them mistreat that poor dog? comment as-tu pu rester là à les regarder maltraiter ce pauvre chien (sans intervenir)?;∎ I stood by helplessly while they searched the room je restais là, impuissant, pendant qu'ils fouillaient la pièce(b) (be ready → person) être ou se tenir prêt; (→ vehicle) être prêt; (→ army, embassy) être en état d'alerte;∎ the police were standing by to disperse the crowd la police se tenait prête à disperser la foule;∎ we have an oxygen machine standing by nous avons une machine à oxygène prête en cas d'urgence;∎ stand by! attention!; Nautical paré!, attention!;∎ Aviation stand by for takeoff préparez-vous pour le décollage;∎ Radio stand by to receive prenez l'écoute;∎ Military standing by for orders! à vos ordres!∎ will he stand down in favour of a younger candidate? va-t-il se désister en faveur d'un candidat plus jeune?(b) (leave witness box) quitter la barre;∎ you may stand down, Mr Simms vous pouvez quitter la barre, M. Simms∎ stand down! (after drill) rompez (les rangs)!(workers) licencier(a) (represent) représenter;∎ what does DNA stand for? que veut dire l'abréviation ADN?;∎ the R stands for Ryan le R signifie Ryan;∎ the dove stands for peace la colombe symbolise la paix;∎ we want our name to stand for quality and efficiency nous voulons que notre nom soit synonyme de qualité et d'efficacité;∎ she supports the values and ideas the party once stood for elle soutient les valeurs et les idées qui furent autrefois celles du parti;∎ I detest everything that they stand for! je déteste tout ce qu'ils représentent!∎ I'm not going to stand for it! je ne le tolérerai ou permettrai pas!assurer le remplacement;∎ to stand in for sb remplacer qn; Cinema doubler qnNautical (coast, island) croiser au large de;∎ they have an aircraft carrier standing off Aden ils ont un porte-avions qui croise au large d'Aden(a) (move away) s'écarter∎ the veins in his neck stood out les veines de son cou saillaient ou étaient gonflées∎ the pink stands out against the green background le rose ressort ou se détache sur le fond vert;∎ the masts stood out against the sky les mâts se découpaient ou se dessinaient contre le ciel;∎ the name on the truck stood out clearly le nom sur le camion était bien visible;∎ she stands out in a crowd on la remarque dans la foule;∎ figurative I don't like to stand out in a crowd je n'aime pas me singulariser;∎ this one book stands out from all his others ce livre-ci surclasse tous ses autres livres;∎ there is no one issue which stands out as being more important than the others il n'y a pas une question qui soit plus importante que les autres;∎ the qualities that stand out in his work les qualités marquantes de son œuvre;∎ she stands out above all the rest elle surpasse ou surclasse tous les autres;∎ the day stands out in my memory cette journée est marquée d'une pierre blanche dans ma mémoire;∎ familiar that stands out a mile! (is very obvious) ça se voit comme le nez au milieu de la figure!;∎ it really stands out that he's not a local ça se voit ou se remarque vraiment qu'il n'est pas d'ici(c) (resist, hold out) tenir bon, tenir, résister;∎ they won't be able to stand out for long ils ne pourront pas tenir ou résister longtemps;∎ to stand out against (attack, enemy) résister à; (change, tax increase) s'opposer avec détermination à;∎ to stand out for sth revendiquer qch;∎ they are standing out for a pay increase ils revendiquent ou réclament une augmentation de salaire(watch over) surveiller;∎ I can't work with someone standing over me je ne peux pas travailler quand quelqu'un regarde par-dessus mon épaule;∎ she stood over him until he'd eaten every last bit elle ne l'a pas lâché avant qu'il ait mangé la dernière mietteBritish (postpone) remettre (à plus tard);∎ I'd prefer to stand this discussion over until we have more information je préférerais remettre cette discussion jusqu'à ce que nous disposions de plus amples renseignementsBritish être remis (à plus tard);∎ we have two items standing over from the last meeting il nous reste deux points à régler depuis la dernière réunion➲ stand toMilitary mettre en état d'alerteMilitary se mettre en état d'alerte;∎ stand to! à vos postes!être ou rester solidaire➲ stand up(a) (set upright → chair, bottle) mettre debout;∎ they stood the prisoner up against a tree ils ont adossé le prisonnier à un arbre;∎ stand the ladder up against the wall mettez ou appuyez l'échelle contre le mur;∎ to stand a child up (again) (re)mettre un enfant sur ses pieds∎ I was stood up twice in a row on m'a posé un lapin deux fois de suite(a) (rise to one's feet) se lever, se mettre debout;∎ she stood up to offer me her seat elle se leva pour m'offrir sa place;∎ stand up! levez-vous!, debout!;∎ figurative to stand up and be counted avoir le courage de ses opinions(b) (be upright) être debout;∎ I can't get the candle to stand up straight je n'arrive pas à faire tenir la bougie droite∎ how is that repair job standing up? est-ce que cette réparation tient toujours?(d) (be valid → argument, claim) être valable, tenir debout;∎ his evidence won't stand up in court son témoignage ne sera pas valable en justicedéfendre;∎ to stand up for oneself se défendre∎ to stand up to sth résister à qch;∎ to stand up to sb tenir tête à ou faire face à qn;∎ he's too weak to stand up to her il est trop faible pour lui tenir tête;∎ she had a hard time standing up to their criticism ça ne lui a pas été facile de faire face à leurs critiques;∎ it won't stand up to that sort of treatment ça ne résistera pas à ce genre de traitement;∎ her hypothesis doesn't stand up to empirical testing son hypothèse ne résiste pas à la vérification expérimentale
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