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81 груз
сущ.перевозка груза — carriage (transportation) of cargo (of goods); ж/д carriage of cargo (of goods) by rail; мор carriage of cargo (of goods) by sea
- беспошлинный грузстрахование груза — cargo insurance; insurance of cargo (of goods)
- железнодорожный груз
- застрахованный груз
- наливной груз
- насыпной груз
- невостребованный груз
- незастрахованный груз
- обратный груз
- однородный груз
- отправляемый груз
- палубный груз
- повреждённый груз
- полезный груз
- скоропортящийся груз
- смешанный груз
- срочный груз
- сухой груз
- транзитный груз
- ценный груз
- экспортный груз -
82 перевозить
несов. - перевози́ть, сов. - перевезти́; (вн.)1) ( доставлять из одного места в другое) transport (d), carry (d); (мебель и т.п.) remove (d) брит.; move (d) амер.он перевёз дете́й с да́чи в го́род — he took the children from the country into town
перевози́ть пассажи́ров — carry passengers
перевози́ть груз по желе́зной доро́ге [во́дным путём] — carry freight by rail [by water]
перевози́ть на корабле́ — ship (d)
перевози́ть на теле́ге — cart (d)
2) (вн.; через реку и т.п.) take / put (d) acrossон перевёз их и пое́хал да́льше — he took them across and drove on
он перевёз их че́рез ре́ку — he put / ferried them across the river
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83 рынок рын·ок
эк.взломать рынок, внедряться на рынок — to penetrate the market
господствовать на рынке, контролировать рынок — to command / to rule the market
завалить рынок (товарами) — to glut / to flood the market
захватывать новые рынки — to take over / to seize new markets
наводнять рынок товарами — to flood / to saturate the market with goods
получить доступ на иностранные рынки — to gain / to get access to foreign markets
формировать рынок — to create customers, to shape a market
внешний рынок — foreign / external market
выходить на внешние рынки — to enter the foreign / external markets
внутренний / отечественный рынок — home / internal / domestic / inland market
денежный рынок — money / monetary / currency market
заморские / иностранные рынки — foreign markets
золотой рынок, рынок золота — gold market
мировой рынок — international / world market
курсы / ставки мирового рынка — world market rates
национальный рынок — local / national market
нерегулируемый / свободный рынок — free / open market
слабый рынок эк. — flat market
финансовый рынок — capital / stock market
ёмкость рынка — absorption / capacity of market
затоваривание рынка — flooding of the market, market overstocking
изучение рынка — market exploration / research / survey
конъюнктура рынка — sales opportunities, market condition
курс / ставка на свободном рынке — open rate
обзор состояния рынка — market report / survey
использование рынка, обращение к рынку капиталов — recourse to the capital market
рынок потребителя / потребительскнх товаров — consumer market
рынок сырьевых товаров / сырья — raw-materials market
рынок ценных бумаг — stock / securities market
внебиржевой / вторичный рынок ценных бумаг — secondary market
сужение рынков — contraction / shrinkage of markets
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84 груз
м1) тк ед - тяжесть loadэ́то легло́ на неё тяжёлым грузом — it was a heavy load to bear
2) товары goods pl; cargo, freightпа́ртия груза — consignment, shipment
перево́зка грузов ж-д — goods traffic
перевози́ть груз — to carry cargo
погрузи́ть/разгрузи́ть груз — to load/to unload cargo
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85 поезд
мско́рый по́езд — express (train)
пассажи́рский по́езд — passenger train
това́рный по́езд — freight train
по́езд да́льнего сле́дования — long-distance train
по́езд прямо́го сообще́ния — through train
е́хать на по́езде — to go/to travel by train
сесть на восьмичасово́й по́езд — to take the 8 o’clock train
сади́ться в по́езд — to get on the train
опозда́ть на по́езд — to miss the train
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86 груз
1. м. мор. ав. ж. -д. cargo;, freight2. м. goodsгрузы, могущие повредить другие грузы — damaging goods
3. м. commodity4. м. weight, loadСинонимический ряд:бремя (сущ.) бремя; гнет; тягота; тяготу; тяжелое бремя; тяжелый груз; тяжесть; тяжкий груз; тяжкое бремя -
87 γέμω
Grammatical information: v.Meaning: `be full (of)' (Ion.-Att.).Other forms: only presentDerivatives: γόμος `freight, cargo' (Ion.-Att.) with factitive γομόω `load' (Babr.); poet. γέμος n. `load' (A.). - Deverb. with causative meaning (Schwyzer 717) γεμίζω, `fill, load' (A.).Origin: IE [Indo-European]X [probably] [368] *gem- `take, seize'Etymology: Probably to Umbr. kumiaf acc. pl. f. `gravidās', from which as LW [loanword] Lat. gumia m. f. `glutton'. Connection with Lat. gemō is difficult (s. Ernout-Meillet; `be full' \< sigh'?). Cf. Szemerényi, ZDMG 101 (1951) 219. Further one connects γέντο, which is semantically not evident..Page in Frisk: 1,296Greek-English etymological dictionary (Ελληνικά-Αγγλικά ετυμολογική λεξικό) > γέμω
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88 vracht innemen
vracht innementake in cargo/freight -
89 Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
[br]b. 19 June 1876 Edinburgh, Scotlandd. 5 April 1941 Hertford, England[br]English mechanical engineer, designer of the A4-class 4–6–2 locomotive holding the world speed record for steam traction.[br]Gresley was the son of the Rector of Netherseale, Derbyshire; he was educated at Marlborough and by the age of 13 was skilled at making sketches of locomotives. In 1893 he became a pupil of F.W. Webb at Crewe works, London \& North Western Railway, and in 1898 he moved to Horwich works, Lancashire \& Yorkshire Railway, to gain drawing-office experience under J.A.F.Aspinall, subsequently becoming Foreman of the locomotive running sheds at Blackpool. In 1900 he transferred to the carriage and wagon department, and in 1904 he had risen to become its Assistant Superintendent. In 1905 he moved to the Great Northern Railway, becoming Superintendent of its carriage and wagon department at Doncaster under H.A. Ivatt. In 1906 he designed and produced a bogie luggage van with steel underframe, teak body, elliptical roof, bowed ends and buckeye couplings: this became the prototype for East Coast main-line coaches built over the next thirty-five years. In 1911 Gresley succeeded Ivatt as Locomotive, Carriage \& Wagon Superintendent. His first locomotive was a mixed-traffic 2–6–0, his next a 2–8–0 for freight. From 1915 he worked on the design of a 4–6–2 locomotive for express passenger traffic: as with Ivatt's 4 4 2s, the trailing axle would allow the wide firebox needed for Yorkshire coal. He also devised a means by which two sets of valve gear could operate the valves on a three-cylinder locomotive and applied it for the first time on a 2–8–0 built in 1918. The system was complex, but a later simplified form was used on all subsequent Gresley three-cylinder locomotives, including his first 4–6–2 which appeared in 1922. In 1921, Gresley introduced the first British restaurant car with electric cooking facilities.With the grouping of 1923, the Great Northern Railway was absorbed into the London \& North Eastern Railway and Gresley was appointed Chief Mechanical Engineer. More 4–6– 2s were built, the first British class of such wheel arrangement. Modifications to their valve gear, along lines developed by G.J. Churchward, reduced their coal consumption sufficiently to enable them to run non-stop between London and Edinburgh. So that enginemen might change over en route, some of the locomotives were equipped with corridor tenders from 1928. The design was steadily improved in detail, and by comparison an experimental 4–6–4 with a watertube boiler that Gresley produced in 1929 showed no overall benefit. A successful high-powered 2–8–2 was built in 1934, following the introduction of third-class sleeping cars, to haul 500-ton passenger trains between Edinburgh and Aberdeen.In 1932 the need to meet increasing road competition had resulted in the end of a long-standing agreement between East Coast and West Coast railways, that train journeys between London and Edinburgh by either route should be scheduled to take 8 1/4 hours. Seeking to accelerate train services, Gresley studied high-speed, diesel-electric railcars in Germany and petrol-electric railcars in France. He considered them for the London \& North Eastern Railway, but a test run by a train hauled by one of his 4–6–2s in 1934, which reached 108 mph (174 km/h), suggested that a steam train could better the railcar proposals while its accommodation would be more comfortable. To celebrate the Silver Jubilee of King George V, a high-speed, streamlined train between London and Newcastle upon Tyne was proposed, the first such train in Britain. An improved 4–6–2, the A4 class, was designed with modifications to ensure free running and an ample reserve of power up hill. Its streamlined outline included a wedge-shaped front which reduced wind resistance and helped to lift the exhaust dear of the cab windows at speed. The first locomotive of the class, named Silver Link, ran at an average speed of 100 mph (161 km/h) for 43 miles (69 km), with a maximum speed of 112 1/2 mph (181 km/h), on a seven-coach test train on 27 September 1935: the locomotive went into service hauling the Silver Jubilee express single-handed (since others of the class had still to be completed) for the first three weeks, a round trip of 536 miles (863 km) daily, much of it at 90 mph (145 km/h), without any mechanical troubles at all. Coaches for the Silver Jubilee had teak-framed, steel-panelled bodies on all-steel, welded underframes; windows were double glazed; and there was a pressure ventilation/heating system. Comparable trains were introduced between London Kings Cross and Edinburgh in 1937 and to Leeds in 1938.Gresley did not hesitate to incorporate outstanding features from elsewhere into his locomotive designs and was well aware of the work of André Chapelon in France. Four A4s built in 1938 were equipped with Kylchap twin blast-pipes and double chimneys to improve performance still further. The first of these to be completed, no. 4468, Mallard, on 3 July 1938 ran a test train at over 120 mph (193 km/h) for 2 miles (3.2 km) and momentarily achieved 126 mph (203 km/h), the world speed record for steam traction. J.Duddington was the driver and T.Bray the fireman. The use of high-speed trains came to an end with the Second World War. The A4s were then demonstrated to be powerful as well as fast: one was noted hauling a 730-ton, 22-coach train at an average speed exceeding 75 mph (120 km/h) over 30 miles (48 km). The war also halted electrification of the Manchester-Sheffield line, on the 1,500 volt DC overhead system; however, anticipating eventual resumption, Gresley had a prototype main-line Bo-Bo electric locomotive built in 1941. Sadly, Gresley died from a heart attack while still in office.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsKnighted 1936. President, Institution of Locomotive Engineers 1927 and 1934. President, Institution of Mechanical Engineers 1936.Further ReadingF.A.S.Brown, 1961, Nigel Gresley, Locomotive Engineer, Ian Allan (full-length biography).John Bellwood and David Jenkinson, Gresley and Stanier. A Centenary Tribute (a good comparative account).See also: Bulleid, Oliver Vaughan SnellPJGRBiographical history of technology > Gresley, Sir Herbert Nigel
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90 у борта
взять на борт; погрузить — take aboard
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91 عربة
عَرَبَة \ sleigh: a carriage in which people ride over snow; it has no wheels and is pulled by a horse. \ See Also مَرْكَبَة جَلِيد \ عَرَبَة (تجرها الخُيُول) \ carriage: a wheeled vehicle drawn by horses, in former times. trolley: a light table on small wheels, for carrying food, etc., around in hospitals, restaurants, the home, etc.. vehicle: sth. that carries people or goods on land, esp. on the public roads (car, cart, bus, lorry, bicycle, etc.). waggon, wagon: a four-wheeled cart (pulled by horses) for carrying goods. \ عَرَبَة إسعاف \ ambulance: a vehicle to take people who are sick or hurt to hospital. \ عَرَبَة أطفال \ pram, baby carriage: a 4-wheeled vehicle in which a baby is pushed along. \ عَرَبَة بِضَاعة (في قِطار) \ van: esp. a railway vehicle with a box-like body, for carrying travellers’ belongings, etc.. \ عَرَبَة شَحْن (في قطار) \ freight car: a railway vehicle for carrying goods. \ عَرَبَة قِطار \ carriage: a railway vehicle for people: Sit in the third carriage from the front of the train. coach, car: a railway carriage. \ عَرَبَة مَقْطُورَة \ trailer: a vehicle (with no engine) that can be fixed to the back of a lorry or car. \ عَرَبَة نَقْل \ cart: a vehicle for goods, pulled by a horse or other animal. truck: a vehicle with an open top, for carrying heavy goods, by road or by rail: a coal truck. \ عَرَبَة نوم (في قِطار) \ sleeper: (also sleeping car) a railway carriage with beds. \ عَرَبة نوم \ car, automobile, auto: (in compounds) a kind of railway carriage: a dining-car; a sleeping-car. \ See Also أكل( أكل)، إلخ \ عَرَبَةُ يَد \ barrow: a small cart with two wheels that can be pushed by a person. handcart: a cart that is pushed or pulled by a person.
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