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21 синтаксическое обозначение
Information technology: syntax notationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > синтаксическое обозначение
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22 система обозначений для описания абстрактного синтаксиса
Information technology: ASN, abstract syntax notationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > система обозначений для описания абстрактного синтаксиса
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23 система обозначений для описания синтаксиса
Information technology: syntax notationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > система обозначений для описания синтаксиса
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24 стандарт X.680
Programming: abstract syntax notation one -
25 стандартный язык описания
Information technology: abstract syntax notationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > стандартный язык описания
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26 язык ASN 1
Information technology: abstract syntax notation one (http://ivb.unact.ru/glossary/asn1.html) -
27 язык ASN.1
1) Information technology: ASN.12) Communications: abstract Syntax Notation 1 (ASN.1) -
28 язык абстрактного синтаксиса №1 (язык ASN .1)
Programming: abstract syntax notation oneУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > язык абстрактного синтаксиса №1 (язык ASN .1)
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29 язык абстрактного синтаксиса №1
Programming: (язык ASN.1) abstract syntax notation oneУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > язык абстрактного синтаксиса №1
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30 abstrakte Syntaxnotation
Syntaxnotation f: abstrakte Syntaxnotation f abstract syntax notation, ASN (ASN.1 ist ein Standard zur Codierung bei der Datenübertragung, z. B. bei SNMP)Deutsch-Englisch Wörterbuch der Elektrotechnik und Elektronik > abstrakte Syntaxnotation
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31 Notación Uno de Sintaxis Abstracta
• abstract syntax notation oneDiccionario Técnico Español-Inglés > Notación Uno de Sintaxis Abstracta
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32 notacja dla składni abstrakcyjnej 1
• Abstract Syntax Notation 1Słownik polsko-angielski dla inżynierów > notacja dla składni abstrakcyjnej 1
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33 ASN1
Abstract Syntax Notation One — абстрактный синтаксис, нотация 1, стандарт ISO-8824 (уровня представления эталонной модели ВОС/МОС) -
34 Semantics
There are people who maintain that there is no distinction between syntax and semantics, and there are others who lump the entire inference and "thought" component of an AI system under the label "semantics." Moreover, the philosophers, linguists, and programming language theorists have notions of semantics which are distinct from each other and from many of the notions of computational linguists and psychologists....First, let me set up two caricatures which I will call the Linguist and the Philosopher, without thereby asserting that all linguists fall into the first category or philosophers in the second. Both, however, represent strong traditions in their respective fields. The Linguist has the following view of semantics in linguistics: He is interested in characterizing the fact that the same sentence can sometimes mean different things, and some sentences mean nothing at all. He would like to find some notation in which to express the different things which a sentence can mean and some procedure for determining whether a sentence is "anomalous" (i.e., has no meanings). The Philosopher on the other hand is concerned with specifying the meaning of a formal notation rather than a natural language.... His notation is already unambiguous. What he is concerned with is determining when an expression in the notation is a "true" preposition (in some appropriate formal sense of truth) and when it is false.... Meaning for the Philosopher is not defined in terms of some other notation in which to represent different possible interpretations of a sentence, but he is interested in the conditions for truth of an already formal representation. (Woods, 1975, pp. 40-41)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Semantics
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35 инфиксная запись
инфиксная запись
Запись математических выражений, в которой знак операции находится между операндами. Например, "a + b".
[ http://www.morepc.ru/dict/]Тематики
EN
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > инфиксная запись
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36 Bibliography
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Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Bibliography
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37 Logic
My initial step... was to attempt to reduce the concept of ordering in a sequence to that of logical consequence, so as to proceed from there to the concept of number. To prevent anything intuitive from penetrating here unnoticed, I had to bend every effort to keep the chain of inference free of gaps. In attempting to comply with this requirement in the strictest possible way, I found the inadequacy of language to be an obstacle. (Frege, 1972, p. 104)I believe I can make the relation of my 'conceptual notation' to ordinary language clearest if I compare it to the relation of the microscope to the eye. The latter, because of the range of its applicability and because of the ease with which it can adapt itself to the most varied circumstances, has a great superiority over the microscope. Of course, viewed as an optical instrument it reveals many imperfections, which usually remain unnoticed only because of its intimate connection with mental life. But as soon as scientific purposes place strong requirements upon sharpness of resolution, the eye proves to be inadequate.... Similarly, this 'conceptual notation' is devised for particular scientific purposes; and therefore one may not condemn it because it is useless for other purposes. (Frege, 1972, pp. 104-105)To sum up briefly, it is the business of the logician to conduct an unceasing struggle against psychology and those parts of language and grammar which fail to give untrammeled expression to what is logical. He does not have to answer the question: How does thinking normally take place in human beings? What course does it naturally follow in the human mind? What is natural to one person may well be unnatural to another. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)We are very dependent on external aids in our thinking, and there is no doubt that the language of everyday life-so far, at least, as a certain area of discourse is concerned-had first to be replaced by a more sophisticated instrument, before certain distinctions could be noticed. But so far the academic world has, for the most part, disdained to master this instrument. (Frege, 1979, pp. 6-7)There is no reproach the logician need fear less than the reproach that his way of formulating things is unnatural.... If we were to heed those who object that logic is unnatural, we would run the risk of becoming embroiled in interminable disputes about what is natural, disputes which are quite incapable of being resolved within the province of logic. (Frege, 1979, p. 128)[L]inguists will be forced, internally as it were, to come to grips with the results of modern logic. Indeed, this is apparently already happening to some extent. By "logic" is not meant here recursive function-theory, California model-theory, constructive proof-theory, or even axiomatic settheory. Such areas may or may not be useful for linguistics. Rather under "logic" are included our good old friends, the homely locutions "and," "or," "if-then," "if and only if," "not," "for all x," "for some x," and "is identical with," plus the calculus of individuals, event-logic, syntax, denotational semantics, and... various parts of pragmatics.... It is to these that the linguist can most profitably turn for help. These are his tools. And they are "clean tools," to borrow a phrase of the late J. L. Austin in another context, in fact, the only really clean ones we have, so that we might as well use them as much as we can. But they constitute only what may be called "baby logic." Baby logic is to the linguist what "baby mathematics" (in the phrase of Murray Gell-Mann) is to the theoretical physicist-very elementary but indispensable domains of theory in both cases. (Martin, 1969, pp. 261-262)There appears to be no branch of deductive inference that requires us to assume the existence of a mental logic in order to do justice to the psychological phenomena. To be logical, an individual requires, not formal rules of inference, but a tacit knowledge of the fundamental semantic principle governing any inference; a deduction is valid provided that there is no way of interpreting the premises correctly that is inconsistent with the conclusion. Logic provides a systematic method for searching for such counter-examples. The empirical evidence suggests that ordinary individuals possess no such methods. (Johnson-Laird, quoted in Mehler, Walker & Garrett, 1982, p. 130)The fundamental paradox of logic [that "there is no class (as a totality) of those classes which, each taken as a totality, do not belong to themselves" (Russell to Frege, 16 June 1902, in van Heijenoort, 1967, p. 125)] is with us still, bequeathed by Russell-by way of philosophy, mathematics, and even computer science-to the whole of twentieth-century thought. Twentieth-century philosophy would begin not with a foundation for logic, as Russell had hoped in 1900, but with the discovery in 1901 that no such foundation can be laid. (Everdell, 1997, p. 184)Historical dictionary of quotations in cognitive science > Logic
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