-
1 syncope
I. II.In gram., the omission of a letter or syllable in the middle of a word, syncope, Charis. p. 248 P.; Diom. p. 436 ib. -
2 syncopa
I. II.In gram., the omission of a letter or syllable in the middle of a word, syncope, Charis. p. 248 P.; Diom. p. 436 ib. -
3 syncopa
contraction, syncope; fainting fit -
4 syncopes
contraction, syncope; fainting fit -
5 syncopo
syncopare, syncopavi, syncopatus V INTRANSfaint, suffer a syncope/fainting fit -
6 E
E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.b.The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).c.For i stands ĕ(α).in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—(β).In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—(γ).In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —(δ).In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—(ε).In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and(ζ).In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—(η).It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.d.It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.e.The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.f.The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.g.The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.h.As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.2. -
7 e
E, e, indecl. n. or (sc. littera) fem., a vowel corresponding to both the e and the ê of the Greeks, Ter. Maur. p. 2386 P.; Aus. Idyll. de Litter. Monos. 3 and 4; Mart. Cap. 3, § 235. Its sound varied; short e being sounded sometimes like Engl. e in men (so in pater, inter, etc.), sometimes more nearly like short i, as in Engl. pin (so in famelia, mereto, Menerva, etc.); whence, in the literary language, it passed, in a large class of words, into ĭ (familia, merito, etc.), though retained in the popular speech, and oft. in inscriptions. Long e also varied in sound, often resembling the diphthong ae, with which it is constantly confounded in MSS. and inscrr. (cf. raeda and reda; saeculum and seculum; ceteri and caeteri, etc.), and often approaching the sound of ī (v. Corss. Ausspr. 1, 324 sqq.). The short e in Latin is the least emphatic of all the vowels; hence, it not only took the place of other vowels in changes of words where the sounds became weakened, and in the vulgar language where the vowel sounds were less sharply distinguished, but frequently took the place of a final syllable ending in a consonant, and was sometimes, especially at the end of words, rejected.b.The transition of ă into ĕ (which took place especially before two consonants, whereas usually ă passed into ĭ in open syllables, v. art. A.) is seen in the compounds refello, commendo, ineptus, confercio, incestus, perpetior, etc. In some words the orthography is unsettled, as in the compounds of spargo, which are written sometimes aspergo, conspergo, dispergo, etc., and sometimes aspargo, conspargo, dispargo, etc.; as along with dispando the vulgar form dispenno also occurs. So in all the verbal reduplications, as cĕcidi, cĕcini, pĕperi, pĕpigi, tĕtigi; pĕperci, fĕfelli; dĕdi and stĕti (from cado, cano, pario, pango, tango, parco, fallo, DA and STA), whereas the vowels i, o, u remain unchanged in reduplication (bĭbi; mŏmordi; tŭtudi; for the anomalous forms in Gell. 7, 9, are certainly Graecized). As along with pĕpĭgi there also arose by syncope (in the Lat. lang. a predominating element in the formation of words) the perfect pēgi; so we may explain the perfect forms cēpi, fēci, jēci, frēgi, and ēgi, as syncopated from cĕcĭpi, fĕfĭci, jĕjĭci, frĕfĭgi, and ĕïgi (this last analogously with dēgo, from dēĭgo).c.For i stands ĕ(α).in the neuter forms of the adjectives in is (acre, agreste, facile, etc.).—(β).In the nominative forms: aedes, apes, canes, etc. (for aedis, apis, canis, etc. v. h. vv.).—(γ).In the dative forms: morte, jure dicundo, Dijove, Victore, etc. (cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 192 sq.; and Quint. 1, 4, 17). —(δ).In the nominatives in es, whose genitive has ĭtis.—(ε).In the nominatives from stems ending in c, b, p, t, n, etc., as, pollex, caelebs, princeps, comes, flumen, from pollic-, caelib-, princip-, comit-, flumin-; and(ζ).In the old and partly vulgar manner of writing and pronouncing: CEPET, EXEMET, NAVEBOS (Colum. Rostr.), FVET, DEDET, TEMPESTATEBVS, TIBE (Epit. of the Scipios), COMPROMESISE (S. C. de Bacch.), MENERVA, MAGESTER, HERE, VEA, VELLA, etc. (Quint. 1, 4, 8, and 17; Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 14; cf. Cic. de Or. 3, 12, 46). In the earliest period (before Plautus) ĕ was found in many words in which ĭ afterwards took its place; as: semul, fuet, mereto, tempestatebus, etc.—(η).It is prob. too that the abl. ĕ of the third declension proceeded from ī (or id); cf. Neue, Formenl. 1, 239 sqq.; Corss. Ausspr. 2, 241 sq.d.It less freq. happens that o and u pass over into ĕ, as vello, ocellus, verto, vertex, vester, compared with vulsi, oculus, vorto, vortex, voster: generis from genus, societas from socius, etc.; and even for long u we have ĕ in dejĕro and pejĕro, from jūro.e.The stem vowel o is weakened to ĕ in the vocative of nouns in us of the second declension; ĕ also represents o in the perf. and in pass. forms, such as scripsere, conabare, conabere, from scripserunt, conabaris, conaberis; in the future forms attinge, dice, facie, recipie, from attingam, dicam, faciam, recipiam (see under dico init.); in the forms mage, pote, from magis, potis, etc.; it is inserted for euphony in the nom. of many nouns and adjj whose stems end in r preceded by a mute, as ager, aper, liber, aeger, ruber, sacer, etc.f.The vowel e is suppressed in the imperatives dic, duc, fac, fer, in the anteclass infinitive biber (from bibere); in the vocative of the second declension of nouns in ius, as Gai, geni, fili, canteri, columbari, mantuari, volturi, mi (cf. Freund in Jahn's Neue Jahrbüch, 1835, vol. 13, p. 148 sq.), in enclitic particles often, as: hic, haec, hoc, for hice, etc.; so, illaec, sic, nunc, nec, ac, etc.: viden, potin: quin, for quine, etc., and as an initial in the present forms of the verb esse (sum, sumus, sunt; sim, etc., for esum, esumus, esunt, esim, etc.). But the forms facul, simul, Bacchanal, etc., are not apocopated. Even a radical ĕ sometimes drops out when a prefix or suffix is taken; so, gigno, for gigeno: malignus, for maligenus: gnatus, for genatus.g.The long e interchanges most freq. with the diphthongs ae and oe (q. v.); yet it sometimes also took the place of ā, as in anhēlo, from hālo, and in the rustic bēlo, for bālo; and likewise of ī, as LEBER, SPECA, AMECVS, for līber, spīca, amīcus (Quint. Inst. l. l.; Varr. R. R. 1, 48, 2; Paul. ex Fest. p. 15, 6 Müll.); and in words borrowed from the Greek, as chorēa, Darēus, along with Academīa, Alexandrīa; see the letter I.h.As an abbreviation, E (mostly in connection with other abbreviations) signifies egregius, equus, eques, erexit, evocatus, etc.; e. g. E. M. V. = egregiae memoriae vir; E. Q. R. = eques Romanus; EE. QQ. RR. = equites Romani; E. P. = equo publico; E. M. D. S. P. E. = e monitu de sua pecunia erexit, etc.2. -
8 elido
ē-līdo, si, sum, 3, v. a. [laedo].I. A.Lit.:B.aurigam e curru,
Cic. Rep. 2, 41:oculos,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 2, 45; Verg. A. 8, 261:ignem velut e silice,
Plin. 11, 37, 86, § 214; cf.:flammas ex sese,
id. 18, 35, 84, § 358:ignes nubibus,
Ov. M. 6, 696:aërem lituis,
Luc. 7, 476:partum,
i. e. to produce abortion, Cels. 1, 7; Plin. 25, 3, 7, § 25:litteras,
to strike out by syncope, to elide, Gell. 5, 12, 5:vina praelis,
i. e. to press out, Prop. 4 (5), 6, 73; cf.herbam,
Ov. F. 4, 371:corpora equorum eodem elisa, i. e. ad litus ejecta,
Tac. A. 2, 24.—Trop.: animam alicui, Lucil. ap. Non. 291, 32:II. A.(imago) recta retrorsum Sic eliditur, ut, etc.,
is thrown back, reflected, Lucr. 4, 296:colores repercussu parietum,
Plin. 37, 9, 52, § 137:sibilum,
to force out, Cels. 4, 4, 2; cf.sonum,
Plin. 11, 51, 112, § 269; 14, 22, 28, § 146:vocem,
Quint. 11, 3, 51:morbum,
to drive out, expel, Cels. 4, 4, 3; Hor. Ep. 1, 15, 6: magnas sententias, to send forth, utter (the fig. being that of a cloud discharging itself), Quint. 2, 11, 7 Spald.—Lit.:B.talos alicui,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 12:tuum caput,
id. Poen. 2, 46; Liv. 21, 45:fauces,
to strangle, Ov. M. 12, 142: naves, * Caes. B. C. 3, 27, 2:aliquem stipite,
Curt. 9, 7 fin.:draconem pondere,
Plin. 8, 11, 11, § 32:geminos angues (Hercules),
i. e. to strangle, Verg. A. 8, 289; cf.infantes,
Flor. 3, 3, 17 al. —Trop., to break down, destroy:(poetae) nervos omnes virtutis elidunt,
Cic. Tusc. 2, 11 fin.; cf.:aegritudine elidi,
id. ib. 5, 6, 16:prius pactum per posterius,
i. e. to abrogate, Dig. 2, 14, 27. -
9 malefactio
mălĕfactĭo, ōnis, f. [malefacio, properly, an injuring; hence], syncope, fainting, swooning, Macer. de Herb. Carm. 2, 4. -
10 P
P, p, the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, the character for which is derived from the ancient form of the Greek II (P or P), as is shown by inscriptions and coins, which exhibit the P in these forms.The P -sound, like the K - and T -sounds, was not aspirated in the ancient language; whence the spelling TRIVMPE for triumphe, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.As an initial, P combines, in pure Latin words, only with the consonants l and r; the combinations pn, ps, and pt belong to words borrowed from the Greek, with the sole exception of the pron. suffix pte. — Hence it often disappears before t; as TOLOMEA, Inscr. Fabr. 9, 438.—It has also been dropped before l in the words lanx, Gr. plax; latus, Gr. platus; later, Gr. plinthos, linter, Gr. pluntêr, and others (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 114).—As a medial, its combination with s and t was so acceptable to the Latins that ps and pt are often put for bs and bt; so, OPSIDESQVE and OPTENVI in the Epitaphs of the Scipios; and so, too, in later inscrr.: APSENS, APSENTI, SVPSIGNARE, etc., and in MSS.—A final p occurs only in the apocopated volup.For the very frequent interchange of p and b, see under B.— P is put for v in opilio for ovilio, from ovis.—An instance of its commutation with palatals appears in lupus and lukos, and perhaps also spolium and skulon, spuma and O.H.G. scum, Germ. Schaum, as, on the other hand, equus and hippos, palumba and columba, jecur and hêpar; cf., also, the letter Q.—Its commutation with a lingual is shown in pavo and taôs, and perh. also in hospes and hostis. — P is assimilated to a following f in officina for opificina, and is altogether elided by syncope in Oscus for Opscus.—It is euphonically inserted between ms and mt: sumpsi, sumptum, hiemps for hiems; cf.: exemplum, templum, and late Lat. dampnum.—It is suppressed in amnis for ap-nis from apa = aqua.As an abbreviation, P denotes most frequently the prænomen Publius, but also stands for parte, pater, pedes, pia, pondo, populus, posuerunt, publicus, etc. P. C. stands for patres conscripti, patronus civitatis or coloniae, ponendum curavit, potestate censoriā, etc. P. M. pontifex maximus, patronus municipii, posuit merito. P. P. pater patriae, praepositus, primi pilus, pro parte. P. R. populus Romanus. P. S. pecunia sua. -
11 p
P, p, the fifteenth letter of the Latin alphabet, the character for which is derived from the ancient form of the Greek II (P or P), as is shown by inscriptions and coins, which exhibit the P in these forms.The P -sound, like the K - and T -sounds, was not aspirated in the ancient language; whence the spelling TRIVMPE for triumphe, in the Song of the Arval Brothers.As an initial, P combines, in pure Latin words, only with the consonants l and r; the combinations pn, ps, and pt belong to words borrowed from the Greek, with the sole exception of the pron. suffix pte. — Hence it often disappears before t; as TOLOMEA, Inscr. Fabr. 9, 438.—It has also been dropped before l in the words lanx, Gr. plax; latus, Gr. platus; later, Gr. plinthos, linter, Gr. pluntêr, and others (Corss. Ausspr. 1, 114).—As a medial, its combination with s and t was so acceptable to the Latins that ps and pt are often put for bs and bt; so, OPSIDESQVE and OPTENVI in the Epitaphs of the Scipios; and so, too, in later inscrr.: APSENS, APSENTI, SVPSIGNARE, etc., and in MSS.—A final p occurs only in the apocopated volup.For the very frequent interchange of p and b, see under B.— P is put for v in opilio for ovilio, from ovis.—An instance of its commutation with palatals appears in lupus and lukos, and perhaps also spolium and skulon, spuma and O.H.G. scum, Germ. Schaum, as, on the other hand, equus and hippos, palumba and columba, jecur and hêpar; cf., also, the letter Q.—Its commutation with a lingual is shown in pavo and taôs, and perh. also in hospes and hostis. — P is assimilated to a following f in officina for opificina, and is altogether elided by syncope in Oscus for Opscus.—It is euphonically inserted between ms and mt: sumpsi, sumptum, hiemps for hiems; cf.: exemplum, templum, and late Lat. dampnum.—It is suppressed in amnis for ap-nis from apa = aqua.As an abbreviation, P denotes most frequently the prænomen Publius, but also stands for parte, pater, pedes, pia, pondo, populus, posuerunt, publicus, etc. P. C. stands for patres conscripti, patronus civitatis or coloniae, ponendum curavit, potestate censoriā, etc. P. M. pontifex maximus, patronus municipii, posuit merito. P. P. pater patriae, praepositus, primi pilus, pro parte. P. R. populus Romanus. P. S. pecunia sua. -
12 syncopo
syncŏpo, no perf., ātum, 1, v. n. [syncope, I.], to faint away, to swoon, Veg. 1, 35.
См. также в других словарях:
syncope — Syncope … Thresor de la langue françoyse
syncope — [ sɛ̃kɔp ] n. f. • sincope 1314; lat. syncopa; gr. sugkopê, de sugkoptein « briser » 1 ♦ Arrêt ou ralentissement marqué des battements du cœur, accompagné de la suspension de la respiration et de la perte de la conscience. ⇒ éblouissement,… … Encyclopédie Universelle
syncopé — syncope [ sɛ̃kɔp ] n. f. • sincope 1314; lat. syncopa; gr. sugkopê, de sugkoptein « briser » 1 ♦ Arrêt ou ralentissement marqué des battements du cœur, accompagné de la suspension de la respiration et de la perte de la conscience. ⇒ éblouissement … Encyclopédie Universelle
Syncope — may refer to one of the following:* Syncope (medicine), loss of consciousness, fainting * Vasovagal syncope, a common form of fainting * Syncope (phonetics), the loss of one or more sounds from the interior of a word especially the loss of an… … Wikipedia
syncopé — syncopé, ée (sin ko pé, pée) part. passé de syncoper. 1° Qui a subi le retranchement d une lettre ou d une syllabe. Si, au lieu de je paierai, je prierai, on écrit je paîrai, je prîrai, etc. ces mots sont syncopés. 2° Terme de musique. Note… … Dictionnaire de la Langue Française d'Émile Littré
syncope — SYNCOPE. s. f. Figure de grammaire, qui consiste dans le retranchement d une lettre ou d une syllabe au milieu d un mot. Dans le vieux langage quand on disoit, je donray, pour je donneray, je lairray, pour, je laisseray, c estoit une syncope.… … Dictionnaire de l'Académie française
Syncope — Syn co*pe, n. [L. syncope, syncopa, Gr. ? a cutting up, a syncope; akin to ? to beat together, to cut up, cut short, weavy; sy n with + ? to strike, cut.] 1. (Gram.) An elision or retrenchment of one or more letters or syllables from the middle… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
syncope — c.1400, from L.L. syncopen contraction of a word, acc. of syncope, from Gk. synkope, contraction of a word, originally a cutting off, from synkoptein to cut up, from syn together, thoroughly + koptein to cut. In pathology, failure of the heart s… … Etymology dictionary
Syncŏpe — (gr.), s. Synkope … Pierer's Universal-Lexikon
syncope — фр. [сэнко/п], англ. [си/нкэпи] Synkope нем. [синко/пэ] синкопа … Словарь иностранных музыкальных терминов
syncope — ► NOUN 1) Medicine temporary loss of consciousness caused by low blood pressure. 2) Grammar the omission of sounds or letters from within a word, for example when library is pronounced . ORIGIN Greek sunkop , from sun together + koptein strike,… … English terms dictionary
