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61 cantonal
adj.cantonal.* * *ADJ cantonal* * *adjetivo cantonal* * *= cantonal, cantonal.Nota: Relativo a la división administrativa y geográfica de algunos países como Suiza.Ex. The library has 105,000 volumes, mainly on Swiss federal and cantonal law and treaties concluded by Switzerland.Ex. The library has 105,000 volumes, mainly on Swiss federal and cantonal law and treaties concluded by Switzerland.* * *adjetivo cantonal* * *= cantonal, cantonal.Nota: Relativo a la división administrativa y geográfica de algunos países como Suiza.Ex: The library has 105,000 volumes, mainly on Swiss federal and cantonal law and treaties concluded by Switzerland.
Ex: The library has 105,000 volumes, mainly on Swiss federal and cantonal law and treaties concluded by Switzerland.* * *cantonal* * *cantonal adjcantonal -
62 Bodmer, Johann Georg
SUBJECT AREA: Mechanical, pneumatic and hydraulic engineering, Railways and locomotives, Steam and internal combustion engines, Textiles, Weapons and armour[br]b. 9 December 1786 Zurich, Switzerlandd. 30 May 1864 Zurich, Switzerland[br]Swiss mechanical engineer and inventor.[br]John George Bodmer (as he was known in England) showed signs of great inventive ability even as a child. Soon after completing his apprenticeship to a local millwright, he set up his own work-shop at Zussnacht. One of his first inventions, in 1805, was a shell which exploded on impact. Soon after this he went into partnership with Baron d'Eichthal to establish a cotton mill at St Blaise in the Black Forest. Bodmer designed the water-wheels and all the machinery. A few years later they established a factory for firearms and Bodmer designed special machine tools and developed a system of interchangeable manufacture comparable with American developments at that time. More inventions followed, including a detachable bayonet for breech-loading rifles and a rifled, breech-loading cannon for 12 lb (5.4 kg) shells.Bodmer was appointed by the Grand Duke of Baden to the posts of Director General of the Government Iron Works and Inspector of Artillery. He left St Blaise in 1816 and entered completely into the service of the Grand Duke, but before taking up his duties he visited Britain for the first time and made an intensive five-month tour of textile mills, iron works, workshops and similar establishments.In 1821 he returned to Switzerland and was engaged in setting up cotton mills and other engineering works. In 1824 he went back to England, where he obtained a patent for his improvements in cotton machinery and set up a mill near Bolton incorporating his ideas. His health failing, he was obliged to return to Switzerland in 1828, but he was soon busy with engineering works there and in France. In 1833 he went to England again, first to Bolton and four years later to Manchester in partnership with H.H.Birley. In the next ten years he patented many more inventions in the fields of textile machinery, steam engines and machine tools. These included a balanced steam engine, a mechanical stoker, steam engine valve gear, gear-cutting machines and a circular planer or vertical lathe, anticipating machines of this type later developed in America by E.P. Bullard. The metric system was used in his workshops and in gearing calculations he introduced the concept of diametral pitch, which then became known as "Manchester Pitch". The balanced engine was built in stationary form and in two locomotives, but although their running was remarkably smooth the additional complication prevented their wider use.After the death of H.H.Birley in 1846, Bodmer removed to London until 1848, when he went to Austria. About 1860 he returned to his native town of Zurich. He remained actively engaged in all kinds of inventions up to the end of his life. He obtained fourteen British patents, each of which describes many inventions; two of these patents were extended beyond the normal duration of fourteen years. Two others were obtained on his behalf, one by his brother James in 1813 for his cannon and one relating to railways by Charles Fox in 1847. Many of his inventions had little direct influence but anticipated much later developments. His ideas were sound and some of his engines and machine tools were in use for over sixty years. He was elected a Member of the Institution of Civil Engineers in 1835.[br]Bibliography1845, "The advantages of working stationary and marine engines with high-pressure steam, expansively and at great velocities; and of the compensating, or double crank system", Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 4:372–99.1846, "On the combustion of fuel in furnaces and steam-boilers, with a description of Bodmer's fire-grate", Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 5:362–8.Further ReadingObituary, 1868–9, Minutes of the Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers 28:573–608.H.W.Dickinson, 1929–30, "Diary of John George Bodmer, 1816–17", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 10:102–14.D.Brownlie, 1925–6, John George Bodmer, his life and work, particularly in relation to the evolution of mechanical stoking', Transactions of the Newcomen Society 6:86–110.W.O.Henderson (ed.), 1968, Industrial Britain Under the Regency: The Diaries of Escher, Bodmer, May and de Gallois 1814–1818, London: Frank Cass (a more complete account of his visit to Britain).RTS -
63 Швейцария
1) General subject: Switzerland3) Abbreviation: SWI4) Makarov: Switzerland (Швейцарская Конфедерация)5) Yachting: SUI (Обозначения на парусах) -
64 раппен [нем., Швейцария]
Numismatics: one hundredth of one Swiss franc, 1/100 of Swiss franc, centesimo [Italian, Switzerland], centime [French, Switzerland], rappen [German, Switzerland]Универсальный русско-английский словарь > раппен [нем., Швейцария]
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65 сантим [франц., Швейцария]
Numismatics: one hundredth of one Swiss franc, 1/100 of Swiss franc, centesimo [Italian in Switzerland], centime [French in Switzerland], rappen [German in Switzerland]Универсальный русско-английский словарь > сантим [франц., Швейцария]
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66 сентесимо [итал., Швейцария]
Numismatics: one hundredth of one Swiss franc, 1/100 of Swiss franc, centesimo [Italian in Switzerland], centime [French in Switzerland], rappen [German in Switzerland]Универсальный русско-английский словарь > сентесимо [итал., Швейцария]
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67 Ständerat
m schw.* * *The Ständerat is one of the two chambers of the Bundesversammlung and is the federal body of Switzerland. Each canton sends two representatives to it and each demi-canton sends one, making a total of 46 members. These are elected for a period of four years. See: → BUNDESVERSAMMLUNG* * *Stän·de·rat1Stän·de·rat2, -rä·tin* * *The Ständerat (Council of States) is the upper chamber in Switzerland. It is composed of 46 representatives from the various cantons* * *Ständerat m schweiz* * * -
68 welsch
* * *wẹlsch [vɛlʃ]adj1) (old) Latin, Southern European; (= welschsprachig) Romance-speakingdie Welschen — the Eyeties (Brit pej sl), the wops (pej sl)
* * *[vɛlʃ]* * *welsch adj schweiz French-speaking;die welsche Schweiz French-speaking ( oder Francophone) Switzerland -
69 Welschland
n schw. French-speaking ( oder Francophone) Switzerland* * *Wẹlsch|landnt - s (Sw)French Switzerland* * * -
70 confederación
f.confederation, confederacy, federation, merging.* * *1 confederation, confederacy* * *noun f.* * ** * *femenino confederation* * *= alliance, confederation.Ex. This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.Ex. In turn, the notion of a monolithic national art library is challenged by the model of a confederation of art libraries.* * *femenino confederation* * *= alliance, confederation.Ex: This type of alliance is already evident in countries like Thailand, where library science students and educators have been actively involved in writing and illustrating children's books.
Ex: In turn, the notion of a monolithic national art library is challenged by the model of a confederation of art libraries.* * *(de estados) confederation; (de grupos, asociaciones) confederationCompuesto:Switzerland, Federal Republic of Switzerland* * *
confederación sustantivo femenino
confederation
confederación sustantivo femenino confederation
' confederación' also found in these entries:
Spanish:
CEOE
- CEPYME
English:
confederation
* * *[de estados, personas, bancos] confederation Confederación de Estados Independientes Confederation of Independent States;Confederación Helvética Switzerland, Swiss Confederation;confederación hidrográfica = state organization responsible for overseeing the use of the water resources of a particular area* * *f confederation* * * -
71 helvético
adj.1 Swiss.2 Helvetian, Helvetic.m.Swiss.* * *► adjetivo1 Helvetian, Swiss► nombre masculino,nombre femenino1 Helvetian, Swiss* * *helvético, -a1.ADJ of/from Switzerland2.SM / F native/inhabitant of Switzerland* * *1 ( Hist) Helvetianmasculine, feminine1 ( Hist) Helvetian* * *helvético, -a♦ adj1. Hist Helvetian2. [suizo] Swiss♦ nm,f1. Hist Helvetian2. [suizo] Swiss* * *I adj SwissII m, helvética f Swiss -
72 suisse
suisse [syis]1. adjective2. masculine noun[du Vatican] Swiss Guard* * *sɥis
1.
2.
nom propre féminin SwitzerlandSuisse allemande/romande/italienne — German-speaking/French-speaking/Italian-speaking Switzerland
* * *sɥis1. nmf2. nf* * *B nm1 ( au Vatican) Swiss Guard; ( d'église) verger;2 †( portier) porter;[sɥis] adjectifsuisse allemand/romand Swiss German/French————————[sɥis] nom masculin1. [au Vatican] Swiss guard2. [bedeau] beadleSuisse nom masculin et fémininSuisse allemand/romand German-speaking/French-speaking Swiss————————en suisse locution adverbialeboire/manger en suisse to drink/to eat on one's own -
73 svizzera
f Switzerland* * ** * *['zvittsera]nome proprio femminile Switzerland* * *svizzera/'zvittsera/sostantivo f.gastr. hamburger. -
74 Svizzera sf
['zvittsera] -
75 Svizzera
sf ['zvittsera] -
76 Brown, Charles Eugene Lancelot
[br]b. 17 June 1863 Winterthur, Switzerlandd. 2 May 1924 Montagnola, Italy[br]English engineer who developed polyphase electrical generation and transmission plant.[br]After attending the Technical College in Winterthur, Brown served with Emile Burgin in Basle before entering the Oerlikon engineering works near Zurich. Two years later he became Director of the electrical department of Oerlikon and from that time was involved in the development of electrical equipment for the generation and distribution of power. The Lauffen-Frankfurt 110-mile (177 km) transmission line of 1891 demonstrated the commercial feasibility of transmitting electrical power over great distances with three-phase alternating current. For this he designed a generator and early examples of oil-cooled transformers, and the scheme gave an impetus to the development of electric-power transmission throughout Europe. In 1891, in association with Walter Boveri, Brown founded the works of Brown Boveri \& Co. at Baden, Switzerland, and until his retirement in 1911 he devoted his energies to the design of polyphase alternating-current machinery. Important installations included the Frankfurt electricity works (1894), the Paderno-Milan transmission line, and the Lugano tramway of 1894, the first system in Europe to use three-phase traction motors. This tramway was followed by many other polyphase and mountain railways. The acquisition by Brown Boveri \& Co. in 1900 of the manufacturing rights of the Parsons steam turbine directed Brown's attention to problems associated with high-speed machines. Recognizing the high centrifugal stress involved, he began to employ solid cylindrical generator rotors with slots for the excitation winding, a method that has come to be universally adopted in large alternators.[br]Bibliography3 December 1901, British patent no. 24,632 (slotted rotor for alternators).Further ReadingObituary, 1924, The Engineer 137:543.Ake T.Vrenthem, 1980, Jonas Wenstrom and the Three Phase System, Stockholm, pp. 26–8 (obituary).75 Years of Brown Boveri, 1966, Baden, Switzerland (for a company history).GWBiographical history of technology > Brown, Charles Eugene Lancelot
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77 Riggenbach, Niklaus
[br]b. 21 May 1817 Gebweiler, Alsaced. 25 July 1899 Olten, Switzerland[br]Swiss locomotive engineer and pioneer of mountain rack railways.[br]Riggenbach came from a Basle family and was educated in Basle, Lyons and Paris, where he was so impressed by the new railway to Saint-Germain that he decided to devote himself to work in that field. He worked for Kessler's locomotive works in Karlsruhe, which built the first locomotives for the Zurich-Baden Railway. This was the first railway in Switzerland and when it was opened in 1847 Riggenbach drove the first train. He subsequently became Locomotive Superintendent of the Swiss Central Railway, and the problems of operating a steeply graded line solely by adhesion led him to develop a rack railway which incorporated a ladder rack similar to that of Sylvester Marsh. However, it was only after the Swiss Consul in Washington had reported enthusiastically on the Mount Washington Cog Railway that Riggenbach and associates were able to get a concession for their first line, which was laid up the Rigi mountain and was opened in 1871. That same year Riggenbach opened a quarry railway operated for the first time by a mixture of rack and adhesion. From this start, rack railways were built widely in Switzerland and to a lesser extent in many other parts of the world. His Rigi railway continues to operate.[br]BibliographyRiggenbach patented his rack railway in 1863.Further ReadingRiggenbach's type of counter-pressure brakes is described in Transactions of the Newcomen Society 55:13.M.Dietschy, 1971, "Le Chemin de fer du Rigi à 100 ans", Chemins defer régionaux eturbains 106.O.J.Morris, 1951, The Snow don Mountain Railway, Ian Allan.See also: Abt, RomanPJGR -
78 постоянный нейтралитет Швейцарии
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > постоянный нейтралитет Швейцарии
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79 BIZ
BIZ (Abk. für Bank für Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich) BANK, WIWI BIS (Bank for International Settlements, Basle, Switzerland)* * *abbr (Bank für Internationalen Zahlungsausgleich) <Bank, Vw> BIS (Bank for International Settlements, Basle, Switzerland) -
80 darunter
Adv.1. räumlich: under it ( oder them); betont: under there; (direkt darunter) underneath; (weiter unten) further down; seinen Namen darunter schreiben oder setzen write at the bottom; seine Unterschrift darunter setzen sign (it), sign at the bottom; darunter ( an-) ziehen (Pullover etc.) put on as well; (Unterhemd etc.) put on underneath2. (in einer Menge) among them; (einschließlich) including; mitten darunter right in the middle (of it oder them); etw. darunter mischen add ( oder mix) s.th. into it; sich darunter mischen mix with them ( oder the crowd etc.); den Eischnee vorsichtig darunter heben fold ( oder mix) in the beaten egg-white carefully; darunter fallen be included; be covered by it3. (weniger) less; (niedriger) lower; 20 Dollar und darunter 20 dollars and under ( oder less); zehn Jahre und darunter Alter: ten years (of age) and below; Zeitraum: ten years and less; darunter bleiben oder liegen Angebot, Preis: be lower; Ergebnisse, Leistungen: not reach ( oder not come up to) this level4. fig.: darunter leiden, dass... suffer from (+ Ger.) er leidet sehr darunter unter dem Verlust etc.: he’s taking it hard; sie leidet darunter, dass sie nicht mehr arbeitet not having a job is getting her down; was verstehst du darunter? what do you understand by it?; darunter kann ich mir nichts vorstellen it doesn’t mean a thing to me* * *(in einer Menge) thereunder; among; between;(örtlich) under; underneath; beneath* * *da|rụn|ter [da'rʊntɐ] (emph) ['daːrʊntɐ]adv1) (räumlich) under that/it/them, underneath or beneath (that/it/them); (= niedriger als etw) below or under(neath) (that/it/them)darunter hervorkommen —
als weitere Belastung kam der Tod seiner Mutter, darunter ist er dann zusammengebrochen — his mother's death was an added burden and he broke down under this strain
2) (= weniger) under thatder Preis beträgt 50 Euro, darunter kann ich die Ware nicht abgeben — the price is 50 euros, I can't sell for less
kein Cent darunter — not a penny under that or less
darunter macht sies nicht (inf) — she won't do it for less
3) (= dabei) among themdarunter waren viele Ausländer — there were a lot of foreigners among them
4)(= unter dieser Angelegenheit) (in Verbindung mit n, vb siehe auch dort)
was verstehen Sie darunter? — what do you understand by that/it?See:→ auch drunter* * *dar·un·ter[daˈrʊntɐ]\darunter hervorgucken/-springen/-sprudeln to look/jump/gush out [from underneath]2. (unterhalb dieser Grenze) lowerSchulkinder im Alter von 12 Jahren und \darunter schoolchildren of 12 years and younger3. (dazwischen) among[st] them4. (unter dieser Angelegenheit)\darunter leiden to suffer under it/thatwas verstehst du \darunter? what do you understand by it/that?\darunter kann ich mir nichts/nicht viel vorstellen it doesn't mean anything/very much to me5.* * *1) under or beneath it/themwir wohnen im 2. Stock und er darunter — we live on the second floor and he lives below us or on the floor below
etwas darunter schreiben — write something underneath or at the bottom
eine Unterschrift/einen Namen darunter setzen — put a signature/a name to it
2)10° oder etwas darunter — 10° or a bit less
darunter liegen — be lower
3)sie hat sehr darunter gelitten — she suffered a great deal from or because of it/that
4) (dabei, dazwischen) amongst them5)darunter fallen — (fig.) be included; be amongst them; (in diese Kategorie) come under it
etwas darunter mischen — mingle with it/them
* * *darunter adv1. räumlich: under it ( oder them); betont: under there; (direkt darunter) underneath; (weiter unten) further down;setzen write at the bottom;seine Unterschrift darunter setzen sign (it), sign at the bottom;mitten darunter right in the middle (of it oder them);etwas darunter mischen add ( oder mix) sth into it;den Eischnee vorsichtig darunter heben fold ( oder mix) in the beaten egg-white carefully;darunter fallen be included; be covered by it20 Dollar und darunter 20 dollars and under ( oder less);liegen Angebot, Preis: be lower; Ergebnisse, Leistungen: not reach ( oder not come up to) this level4. fig:darunter leiden, dass … suffer from (+ger)er leidet sehr darunter unter dem Verlust etc: he’s taking it hard;sie leidet darunter, dass sie nicht mehr arbeitet not having a job is getting her down;was verstehst du darunter? what do you understand by it?;darunter kann ich mir nichts vorstellen it doesn’t mean a thing to me* * *1) under or beneath it/themwir wohnen im 2. Stock und er darunter — we live on the second floor and he lives below us or on the floor below
etwas darunter schreiben — write something underneath or at the bottom
eine Unterschrift/einen Namen darunter setzen — put a signature/a name to it
2)10° oder etwas darunter — 10° or a bit less
3)sie hat sehr darunter gelitten — she suffered a great deal from or because of it/that
4) (dabei, dazwischen) amongst themin vielen Ländern, darunter der Schweiz — in many countries, including Switzerland
5)darunter fallen — (fig.) be included; be amongst them; (in diese Kategorie) come under it
etwas darunter mischen — mingle with it/them
* * *adj.under it adj. adv.beneath adv. präp.under prep.
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