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101 dyeing
1. крашение, окрашивание; 2. окраска; выкраска @dyeing at boil крашение на кипу @dyeing for subsequent printing крашение под печать или под набивку @dyeing in open beck крашение в открытой красильной барке @dyeing in open-width крашение врасправку @dyeing in ribbons крашение в топсе или ленте @dyeing of cheeses крашение пряжи в куличах @dyeing of ground крашение грунта или фона @dyeing of piece goods крашение кускового товара @dyeing of raw stock крашение в волокне @dyeing of threads крашение ниток @dyeing of warps крашение основ @dyeing of warps in chains крашение основ жгутом @dyeing of whites подцвечивание отбелённых изделий @dyeing to shade крашение под тон @absorption dyeing абсорбционное крашение @acid dyeing кислотное крашение @acid leuco dyeing лейкокислотное крашение @anionic-agent-assisted dyeing крашение с применением анионного поверхностноактивного вещества @bale dyeing крашение суровья @basic dyeing основное крашение @batch dyeing партионное крашение @beam dyeing крашение основы на навоях или сновальных валиках @box dyeing крашение в барке @burl dyeing дополнительное крашение ткани, засорённой узелками, растительными примесями или мушками @cake dyeing крашение пряжи в куличах @calcomet dyeing крашение по способу "калькомет" @carrier dyeing крашение с ускорителями @cationic-agent-assisted dyeing крашение с применением катионного поверхностноактивного вещества @chain dyeing 1. непрерывное или проходное крашение; 2. крашение основы @chromate dyeing хромовое крашение @chrome dyeing хромировочное крашение @chrome mordant dyeing хромировочное протравное крашение @color-band dyeing пигментное крашение с применением связующих веществ @commercial boil dyeing крашение на кипу в производственных условиях @condensation dyeing конденсационное крашение @continuous dyeing непрерывное или проходное крашение @continuous горе dyeing непрерывное или проходное крашение жгутом @cross dyeing однованное крашение изделий из смешанных волокон @developed dyeing крашение с проявлением на волокне @differential dyeing избирательное окрашивание @direct dyeing прямое или субстантивное крашение @discharge dyeing резервное крашение @disperse dyeing дисперсное крашение @dispersing dyeing дисперсное крашение @double dyeing двухванное крашение @double-bath dyeing двухванное крашение @exhaust dyeing крашение до истощения ванны @fabric dyeing 1. крашение ткани; 2. крашение кускового товара @fluidized bed dyeing крашение в нагретом слое сыпучих веществ (песка, стеклянных бус) @fluorescent dyeing крашение флуоресцирующими красителями @foam dyeing крашение в мыльной пене @foulard dyeing крашение на плюсовке @garment dyeing крашение штучных изделий @grease dyeing крашение замасленного суровья @gum dyeing крашение шёлка-сырца @high-temperature dyeing крашение при высокой температуре @ice dyeing ледяное крашение @internal dyeing крашение в прядильном растворе @jig dyeing крашение на роликовой красильной машине @jigger dyeing крашение на роликовой красильной машине @lар dyeing крашение холста @level dyeing эгализированное крашение @loose cotton dyeing крашение хлопкового волокна в массе @loose wool dyeing крашение шерсти в волокне @machine dyeing 1. механическое крашение; 2. аппаратное крашение @metachrome dyeing метахромовое крашение @mordant dyeing протравное крашение @ombre dyeing разнооттеночное крашение, крашение по способу "омбре" @one-bath dyeing однованное крашение @one-bath dyeing of unions однованное крашение изделии из смешанных волокон @over dyeing последующее покрывное или групповое крашение @pack dyeing крашение пряжи на паковках @pad dyeing крашение на плюсовке @piece dyeing крашение кускового товара @pigment dyeing пигментное крашение @pressure dyeing крашение под давлением @random dyeing многооттеночное крашение, крашение по способу "шенье" @raw stock dyeing крашение волокна в массе @reactive dyeing реактивное крашение @resin-bonded pigment dyeing пигментное крашение с применением связующих смол @resist dyeing резервное крашение @reverse dyeing покрывное или групповое крашение (в обратной последовательности) @rope dyeing крашение жгутом @sandocryl dyeing фирм. крашение "сандокрил" (волокон из акрилонитрила в присутствии одновалентного иона меди) @single-bath dyeing однованное крашение @skein dyeing крашение в мотках @sliver dyeing 1. крашение ленты; 2. крашение волокна в ленте @slub dyeing крашение ровницы @solution dyeing пигментация прядильного раствора @space dyeing многооттеночное крашение, крашение по способу "шенье" @speck dyeing 1. крапчатое крашение; 2. крашение изделий из смешанных волокон @spray dyeing аэрографная расцветка ткани @star-frame dyeing крашение на звёздной раме @stock dyeing 1. крашение волокна в массе; 2. крашение в прядильном растворе @strip dyeing крашение деталей одежды @submerged beam dyeing крашение основы на навоях или сновальных валиках методом погружения @sulphide dyeing сернистое крашение @sulphur dyeing сернистое крашение @surface-active dyeing крашение с применением поверхностноактивного вещества @suspension dyeing суспензионное крашение @swatch dyeing крашение образцов @thermaline dyeing фирм. крашение полушерстяных тканей по способу "термалин" @tie dyeing многооттеночное крашение, крашение по способу "шенье" @top-chrome dyeing крашение с последующим хромированием @two-bath dyeing двухванное крашение @union dyeing крашение изделий из смешанных волокон @vat dyeing кубовое крашение @vat acid dyeing кубовое крашение по лейкокислотному способу @vat colour dyeing крашение кубовыми красителями @viscose rayon cake dyeing крашение вискозного шелка в куличах @weighing dyeing привесное крашение @yarn dyeing крашение пряжи @yarn package dyeing крашение пряжи на паковках @ -
102 reach
1. n тк. g2. n протягивание3. n размах4. n досягаемость; доступность5. n радиус действияthe reach of eye — видимость, пределы видимости
6. n дистанция удара7. n круг, уровень; кругозор; охват8. n круги; уровеньthe higher reaches of academic life — академическая элита, высшие научные круги
9. n область10. n протяжение, пространство; полоса11. n колено реки; плёс; бьефdownstream reach — нижний бьеф, НБ
12. n прямой участок13. n ж. -д. длина плеча14. n перегон, этап15. n ездка16. n мор. галс17. v протягивать, вытягивать; простирать18. v вытягиваться, протягиваться19. v дотягиваться; тянуться20. v доставать, брать21. v разг. передавать, подаватьreach me the mustard, please — передайте мне, пожалуйста, горчицу
22. v простираться; доходитьempire that reaches from … to … — империя, простирающаяся от … до …
23. v охватывать24. v проникать, достигатьthe light of the sun does not reach the bottom of the ocean — солнечный свет не проникает на дно океана
25. v доходить26. v достигать; доезжать, доходить, добираться27. v прийти28. v арх. поэт. понимать, постигатьsome double sense that I reach not — некий двойной смысл, непостижимый для меня
29. v достичь, добиться30. v доживать; достигать31. v составлять; доходить, достигать32. v трогать, пронимать; производить впечатление; оказывать влияниеhe saw that he had not reached her at all — он видел, что его слова не произвели на неё никакого впечатления
what more must I say to reach you? — что же мне ещё сказать, чтобы вы поняли?
33. v стремиться; добиваться, искатьto reach after fame — стремиться к славе, искать славы
34. v разг. связаться; устанавливать контакт; сноситься, сообщаться; застатьwhere can I reach you? — куда вам позвонить?; как можно с вами связаться?; где вас можно поймать?
35. v проф. разг. попасть; задеть, ранить; нанести удар, ударить36. v амер. разг. «подъехать»; «обработать»37. v амер. разг. подкупитьСинонимический ряд:1. distance (noun) distance; extent; length; span2. grab (noun) grab; grasp; stretch3. range (noun) ambit; area; capacity; circle; compass; confines; dimensions; distance; extension; extensity; extent; gamut; horizon; influence; ken; length; magnitude; orbit; panorama; purview; radius; range; realm; scope; sphere; sweep; width4. arrive (verb) arrive; arrive at; come; come to; get; get in; get to; pull in; show; show up; turn up5. communicate with (verb) communicate with; contact; touch6. extend (verb) approach; carry; carry over; extend; go; lead; lunge; make; outstretch; overtake; spread; stretch7. gain (verb) accomplish; achieve; attain; gain; rack up; realise; realize; score; win8. number (verb) aggregate; amount; number; run; total9. pass (verb) buck; hand; passАнтонимический ряд:bungle; cease; drop; fail; leave; miss; start; stop -
103 Blanket Shawls Or Rugs
Fabrics made of two-fold cotton warp and woollen weft in length from 60-in. X 64-in. to 68-in. X 76-in. for the natives of West and East Africa and some South American markets. They are woven from simple twill and sateen weaves and made reversible. The designs are mostly conventional and developed in coloured wefts. There will be a dark figure on a light ground on one side, and this will be reversed on the other. All qualities are shipped in both fine and coarse wools. During finishing the fabric shrinks from 10 to 30 per cent. in width, according to the type of wool weft used, and are raised to give a pile surface.Dictionary of the English textile terms > Blanket Shawls Or Rugs
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104 Curl Effects
These are imitation weft pile fabrics and are obtained by the use of a shrinking with a non-shrinking weft, such as woollen and mohair yarns. The picking may be one of each or two of each alternately. The wool weft weave plain and the mohair is floated as required. The cloth is milled and shrinks in width, but as the mohair does not shrink the floats are caused to loop on the surface. The warp is generally of cotton yarn. -
105 Goldmark, Peter Carl
[br]b. 2 December 1906 Budapest, Hungaryd. 7 December 1977 Westchester Co., New York, USA[br]Austro-Hungarian engineer who developed the first commercial colour television system and the long-playing record.[br]After education in Hungary and a period as an assistant at the Technische Hochschule, Berlin, Goldmark moved to England, where he joined Pye of Cambridge and worked on an experimental thirty-line television system using a cathode ray tube (CRT) for the display. In 1936 he moved to the USA to work at Columbia Broadcasting Laboratories. There, with monochrome television based on the CRT virtually a practical proposition, he devoted his efforts to finding a way of producing colour TV images: in 1940 he gave his first demonstration of a working system. There then followed a series of experimental field-sequential colour TV systems based on segmented red, green and blue colour wheels and drums, where the problem was to find an acceptable compromise between bandwidth, resolution, colour flicker and colour-image breakup. Eventually he arrived at a system using a colour wheel in combination with a CRT containing a panchromatic phosphor screen, with a scanned raster of 405 lines and a primary colour rate of 144 fields per second. Despite the fact that the receivers were bulky, gave relatively poor, dim pictures and used standards totally incompatible with the existing 525-line, sixty fields per second interlaced monochrome (black and white) system, in 1950 the Federal Communications Commission (FCC), anxious to encourage postwar revival of the industry, authorized the system for public broadcasting. Within eighteen months, however, bowing to pressure from the remainder of the industry, which had formed its own National Television Systems Committee (NTSC) to develop a much more satisfactory, fully compatible system based on the RCA three-gun shadowmask CRT, the FCC withdrew its approval.While all this was going on, Goldmark had also been working on ideas for overcoming the poor reproduction, noise quality, short playing-time (about four minutes) and limited robustness and life of the long-established 78 rpm 12 in. (30 cm) diameter shellac gramophone record. The recent availability of a new, more robust, plastic material, vinyl, which had a lower surface noise, enabled him in 1948 to reduce the groove width some three times to 0.003 in. (0.0762 mm), use a more lightly loaded synthetic sapphire stylus and crystal transducer with improved performance, and reduce the turntable speed to 33 1/3 rpm, to give thirty minutes of high-quality music per side. This successful development soon led to the availability of stereophonic recordings, based on the ideas of Alan Blumlein at EMI in the 1930s.In 1950 Goldmark became a vice-president of CBS, but he still found time to develop a scan conversion system for relaying television pictures to Earth from the Lunar Orbiter spacecraft. He also almost brought to the market a domestic electronic video recorder (EVR) system based on the thermal distortion of plastic film by separate luminance and coded colour signals, but this was overtaken by the video cassette recorder (VCR) system, which uses magnetic tape.[br]Principal Honours and DistinctionsInstitute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Morris N.Liebmann Award 1945. Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers Vladimir K. Zworykin Award 1961.Bibliography1951, with J.W.Christensen and J.J.Reeves, "Colour television. USA Standard", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 39: 1,288 (describes the development and standards for the short-lived field-sequential colour TV standard).1949, with R.Snepvangers and W.S.Bachman, "The Columbia long-playing microgroove recording system", Proceedings of the Institute of Radio Engineers 37:923 (outlines the invention of the long-playing record).Further ReadingE.W.Herold, 1976, "A history of colour television displays", Proceedings of the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers 64:1,331.See also: Baird, John LogieKF -
106 Lewis, John
SUBJECT AREA: Textiles[br]fl. c. 1815 England[br]English developer of a machine for shearing woollen cloth with rotary cutters.[br]To give a smooth surface to cloth such as the old English broadcloth, the nap was raised and then sheared off. Hand-operated shears of enormous size were used to cut the fibres that stuck up when the cloth was laid over a curved table top. Great skill was required to achieve a smooth finish. Various attempts, such as that in 1784 by James Harmer, a clergyman of Sheffield, were made to mechanize the process by placing several pairs of shears in a frame and operating them by cranks, but success was not achieved. Samuel G. Dow of Albany, New York, patented a rotary shearer in England in 1794, and there was Samuel Dore in the same year too. John Lewis never claimed that he invented the rotary cutter, and it is possible that he made have seen drawings or actual examples of these earlier machines. His claim in his patent of 1815 was that, for the first time, he brought together a number of desirable features in one machine for shearing cloth to achieve the first really successful example. The local story in the Stroudwater district in Gloucestershire is that Lewis obtained this idea from Budding, who as a lad worked for the Lewis family, clothiers at Brinscombe Mills; Budding invented a lawn mower with rotary barrel blades that works on the same principle, patenting it in 1830. In the shearing machine, the cloth was moved underneath the blades, which could be of the same width so that only one operation was needed for each side. Other inventors had similar ideas, and a Stroud engineer, Stephen Price, took out a patent a month after Lewis did. These machines spread quickly in the Gloucestershire textile industry, and by 1830 hand-shearing was extinct. John Lewis was the son of Joseph, who had inherited the Brinscombe Mills in 1790 but must have died before 1815, when his children mortgaged the property for £12,000. Joseph's three sons, George, William and John, worked the mill for a time, but in 1840 William was there alone.[br]Bibliography1815, British patent no. 3,945 (rotary shearing machine).Further ReadingJ. de L.Mann, 1971, The Cloth Industry in the West of England from 1660 to 1880, Oxford (the best account of the introduction of the shearing machines).J.Tann, 1967, Gloucestershire Woollen Mills, Newton Abbot (includes notes about the Brinscombe Mills).K.G.Ponting, 1971, The Woollen Industry of South-West England, Bath; and H.A.Randall, 1965–6, "Some mid-Gloucestershire engineers and inventors", Transactions of the Newcomen Society 38 (both mention Lewis's machine).RLH
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