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61 undone
1. a расстёгнутый, развязанный2. a погубленный3. a недоделанный, незаконченныйСинонимический ряд:1. ill-fated (adj.) condemned; cursed; destroyed; doomed; ill-fated; predestined; ruined; sentenced; unfortunate2. unfinished (adj.) disassembled; dishevelled; dismantled; disorderly; messy; tousled; unfinished; unmade3. abolished (verb) abated; abolished; abrogated; annihilated; annulled; invalidated; negated; nullified; quashed; vitiated4. cancelled (verb) blot out; cancelled; cross out; erased; expunged; rub out; scratch out; strike out; wipe out; x out5. destroyed (verb) atomized; decapitated; decimated; demolished; destroyed; destructed; dismantled; dissolved; dynamited; finished; pulled down; pulverized; quenched; razed; rubbed out; ruined; shattered; shot; smashed; sunk; torn down; torpedoed; totalled; unmade; wracked; wrecked6. opened (verb) opened; unclosed; unstopped7. outwitted (verb) had; outfoxed; outmaneuvered; outreached; outsmarted; outthought; outwitted; overreached8. seduced (verb) debauched; seduced9. slipped (verb) disengaged; loosed; loosened; released; slipped; unbound; unclasped; unfastened; unloosed; unloosened; untied10. weakened (verb) attenuated; debilitated; enervated; enfeebled; sapped; undermined; unnerved; weakened -
62 vice
1. n порок, зло2. n несущественный недостаток, слабостьdrinking coffee is one of my vices — кофе — это моя слабость
3. n недостаток, слабая сторона; дефектvice of form — дефект формы, несоблюдение надлежащей формы, формальный недостаток
4. n норов; злобный нрав5. n редк. слабость, порок6. n театр. ист. Порок7. n театр. шут, клоун8. n театр. безнравственность,9. n тех. тиски; клещи; зажимный патрон10. v тех. зажимать в тиски11. v воен. брать в клещи12. n заместитель; исполняющий обязанности; наместник13. prep лат. вместо, взаменСинонимический ряд:1. defect (noun) blemish; blot; defect; flaw; imperfection; mar2. failing (noun) failing; fault; foible; frailty; sin; weakness3. wickedness (noun) corruption; debauchery; depravity; immorality; iniquity; lechery; malignance; profligacy; wickednessАнтонимический ряд:honor; honour; innocence; integrity; morality; perfection; propriety; purity; uprightness; virtue -
63 во
1. into2. to; into; for; in; through; at; on; within3. to; into; for; out of; in; through; at; on; withinАнтонимический ряд: -
64 фашина
ж. fascine, faggot, brush -
65 Pötsch, Friedrich Hermann
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 12 December 1842 Biendorf, near Köthen, Germanyd. 9 June 1902 Dresden, Germany[br]German mine surveyor, inventor of the freezing process for sinking shafts.[br]Pötsch was the son of a forest officer and could not easily attend school, with the consequences that it took him a long time to obtain the scholarly education needed to enable him to begin work on a higher level with the mining administration in the duchy of Anhalt in 1868. Seven years later, he was licensed as a Prussian mining surveyor and in this capacity he worked with the mining inspectorate of Aschersleben. During that time he frequently came across shafts for brown-coal mines which had been sunk down to watery strata but then had to be abandoned. His solution to the problem was to freeze the quicksand with a solution of chloride; this was better than the previous attempts in England to instal cooling coils at the bottom of the shaft. Pötsch's conception implied the construction of ice walls with the means of boreholes and refrigerators. By his method a set of boreholes was driven through the watery strata, the smaller pipes contained within the main bore pipes, providing a channel through which calcium chloride was pumped, returning through the longer pipe until the ground was frozen solid. He obtained a patent in 1883 and many leading international journals reported on the method the same year.In 1884 he established the Internationale Gesselschaft für Schacht-, Brucken-und Tunnelbau in Magdeburg and he also became Director of the Poetsch-Sooy-Smith Freezing Company in New Jersey, which constructed the first freezing shaft in America in 1888.However, Pötsch was successful only for a short period of time and, being a clumsy entrepreneur, he had to dissolve his company in 1894. Unfortunately, his decision to carry out the complete shaft-sinking business did not allow him to concentrate on solving upcoming technical problems of his new process. It was Louis Gebhardt (1861–1924), his former engineer, who took care of development, especially in co-operation with French mining engineers, and thus provided the basis for the freezing process becoming widely used for shaft-sinking in complicated strata ever since.[br]Bibliography1886, Das Gefrierverfahren. Methode für schnelles, sicheres und lotrechtes Abteufen von Schächten im Schwimmsande und uberhaupt im wasserreichen Gebirge; für Herstellung tiefgehender Bruckenpfeiler und für TunnelBauten in rolligem und schwimmendem Gebirge, Freiberg.1889, Geschichtliches über die Entstehung und Herausbildung des Gefrierverfahrens, Magdeburg.1895, Das Gefrierverfahren und das kombinierte Schachtabbohr-und Gefrierverfahren (Patent Pötsch), Freiberg.Further ReadingD.Hoffmann, 1962, AchtJahrzehnte Gefrierverfahren nach Putsch, Essen: Glückauf (the most substantial biography; also covers technological aspects).G.Gach, 1986, In Schacht und Strecke, Essen: Glückauf, pp. 31–53 (provides information on the development of specialized mining companies in Germany originating in the freezing process).WKBiographical history of technology > Pötsch, Friedrich Hermann
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