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1 strong
[stroŋ]1) (firm, sound, or powerful, and therefore not easily broken, destroyed, attacked, defeated, resisted, or affected by weariness, illness etc: strong furniture; a strong castle; a strong wind; She's a strong swimmer; He has a very strong will/personality; He has never been very strong (= healthy); He is not strong enough to lift that heavy table.) stiprs; spēcīgs2) (very noticeable; very intense: a strong colour; a strong smell.) stiprs; izteikts3) (containing a large amount of the flavouring ingredient: strong tea.) stiprs4) ((of a group, force etc) numbering a particular amount: An army 20,000 strong was advancing towards the town.) (skaitliski) liels•- strongly- strength
- strengthen
- strongbox
- strong drink
- stronghold
- strong language
- strong-minded
- strong point
- strongroom
- on the strength of* * *stiprs, spēcīgs; alkoholisks; ass; liels; bargs, stingrs; skaļš; stiprs; spēcīgi -
2 strong point
(a quality, skill etc in which a person excels: Arithmetic isn't one of my strong points.) stiprā puse -
3 be going strong
(to be successful, healthy etc: Our business/grandfather is still going strong.) būt veiksmīgam/pie labas veselības -
4 stuff
I noun1) (material or substance: What is that black oily stuff on the beach?; The doctor gave me some good stuff for removing warts; Show them what stuff you're made of! (= how brave, strong etc you are).) []viela; materiāls2) ((unimportant) matter, things, objects etc: We'll have to get rid of all this stuff when we move house.) grabažas; nieki3) (an old word for cloth.) audums•- that's the stuff! II verb1) (to pack or fill tightly, often hurriedly or untidily: His drawer was stuffed with papers; She stuffed the fridge with food; The children have been stuffing themselves with ice-cream.) piebāzt; piekraut; pārēsties2) (to fill (eg a turkey, chicken etc) with stuffing before cooking.) pildīt3) (to fill the skin of (a dead animal or bird) to preserve the appearance it had when alive: They stuffed the golden eagle.) izbāzt; izgatavot izbāzeni•- stuffing- stuff up* * *materiāls, viela; lietas, mantas; draņķis; izrīkošanās; nauda; zagta manta; heroīns, marihuāna; audums; piebāzt; izbāzt; aizbāzt; plombēt; pārbarot; pārēsties; apkrāpt; pildīt -
5 light
I 1. noun1) (the brightness given by the sun, a flame, lamps etc that makes things able to be seen: It was nearly dawn and the light was getting stronger; Sunlight streamed into the room.) gaisma2) (something which gives light (eg a lamp): Suddenly all the lights went out.) apgaismojums3) (something which can be used to set fire to something else; a flame: Have you got a light for my cigarette?) gaismas avots; uguns; liesma4) (a way of viewing or regarding: He regarded her action in a favourable light.) aspekts; viedoklis2. adjective1) (having light; not dark: The studio was a large, light room.) gaišs2) ((of a colour) pale; closer to white than black: light green.) gaišs3. [lit] verb1) (to give light to: The room was lit only by candles.) apgaismot2) (to (make something) catch fire: She lit the gas; I think this match is damp, because it won't light.) iedegt; aizdegt; iedegties; aizdegties•- lighten- lighter- lighting
- lighthouse
- light-year
- bring to light
- come to light
- in the light of
- light up
- see the light
- set light to II1) (easy to lift or carry; of little weight: I bought a light suitcase for plane journeys.) viegls2) (easy to bear, suffer or do: Next time the punishment will not be so light.) niecīgs; neievērojams3) ((of food) easy to digest: a light meal.) (par ēdienu) viegls4) (of less weight than it should be: The load of grain was several kilos light.) (par svaru) nepilns5) (of little weight: Aluminium is a light metal.) viegls6) (lively or agile: She was very light on her feet.) veikls; žigls7) (cheerful; not serious: light music.) nenopietns; viegls8) (little in quantity; not intense, heavy, strong etc: light rain.) niecīgs; sīks9) ((of soil) containing a lot of sand.) (par augsni) viegls•- lightly- lighten- light-headed
- light-hearted
- lightweight
- get off lightly
- make light of
- travel light III = light on - past tense, past participle lit [lit] - verb(to find by chance: While wandering round the town, we lit on a very cheap restaurant.)* * *apgaismojums, gaisma; gaismas avots; liesma, uguns; gaismas strēle, aile; aspekts, viedoklis; informācija, izskaidrojums, zināšanas; spējas; prāta spējas; nokāpt; aizdegt, iedegt; aizdegties, iedegties; apgaismot; gaišs; viegls; neievērojams, niecīgs; nenopietns, vieglprātīgs; viegli -
6 deaden
verb (to lessen, weaken or make less sharp, strong etc: That will deaden the pain.) mazināt; apslāpēt; padarīt nejutīgu* * *padarīt nejutīgu; kļūt nejutīgam; nomērdēt; apslāpēt; padarīt nespodru -
7 tough
1. adjective1) (strong; not easily broken, worn out etc: Plastic is a tough material.) stiprs; izturīgs2) ((of food etc) difficult to chew.) ciets; sīksts3) ((of people) strong; able to bear hardship, illness etc: She must be tough to have survived such a serious illness.) izturīgs; sīksts4) (rough and violent: It's a tough neighbourhood.) huligānisks5) (difficult to deal with or overcome: a tough problem; The competition was really tough.) sīva konkurence2. noun(a rough, violent person; a bully.) huligāns- toughen
- tough luck
- get tough with someone
- get tough with* * *huligāns; sīksts, ciets; stiprs, izturīgs; grūts, smags; neatlaidīgs, stūrgalvīgs; nepakļāvīgs, rupjš; neveiksmīgs; bandītisks, huligānisks; lielisks -
8 go
[ɡəu] 1. 3rd person singular present tense - goes; verb1) (to walk, travel, move etc: He is going across the field; Go straight ahead; When did he go out?) iet2) (to be sent, passed on etc: Complaints have to go through the proper channels.) sūtīt; virzīt3) (to be given, sold etc: The prize goes to John Smith; The table went for $100.) pāriet īpašumā; tikt pārdotam4) (to lead to: Where does this road go?) iet; vest5) (to visit, to attend: He goes to school every day; I decided not to go to the movie.) iet; apmeklēt6) (to be destroyed etc: This wall will have to go.) sagraut; nojaukt7) (to proceed, be done: The meeting went very well.) noritēt; izdoties8) (to move away: I think it is time you were going.) doties projām; aiziet9) (to disappear: My purse has gone!) pazust10) (to do (some action or activity): I'm going for a walk; I'm going hiking next week-end.) grasīties/gatavoties (kaut ko darīt)11) (to fail etc: I think the clutch on this car has gone.) salūzt12) (to be working etc: I don't think that clock is going.) (par mehānismu) darboties13) (to become: These apples have gone bad.) kļūt14) (to be: Many people in the world regularly go hungry.) būt15) (to be put: Spoons go in that drawer.) iederēties; būt vietā16) (to pass: Time goes quickly when you are enjoying yourself.) (par laiku) aizritēt17) (to be used: All her pocket-money goes on sweets.) izlietot18) (to be acceptable etc: Anything goes in this office.) veikties; būt pieņemamam19) (to make a particular noise: Dogs go woof, not miaow.) izdot (skaņu)20) (to have a particular tune etc: How does that song go?) skanēt21) (to become successful etc: She always makes a party go.) veikties; izdoties2. noun1) (an attempt: I'm not sure how to do it, but I'll have a go.) mēģinājums2) (energy: She's full of go.) enerģija; spars•- going3. adjective1) (successful: That shop is still a going concern.) sekmīgs2) (in existence at present: the going rate for typing manuscripts.) esošs; eksistējošs•- go-ahead4. noun(permission: We'll start as soon as we get the go-ahead.) atļauja- going-over
- goings-on
- no-go
- all go
- be going on for
- be going on
- be going strong
- from the word go
- get going
- give the go-by
- go about
- go after
- go against
- go along
- go along with
- go around
- go around with
- go at
- go back
- go back on
- go by
- go down
- go far
- go for
- go in
- go in for
- go into
- go off
- go on
- go on at
- go out
- go over
- go round
- go slow
- go steady
- go through
- go through with
- go too far
- go towards
- go up
- go up in smoke/flames
- go with
- go without
- keep going
- make a go of something
- make a go
- on the go* * *gaita, negaidīts pavērsiens, kustība; stāvoklis; neveikls stāvoklis; mēģinājums; enerģija, spars; gājiens, kārta; porcija, malks; izdošanās, veiksme; mačs; staigāt, iet; braukt; vest, iet; doties projām, aizbraukt, aiziet; darboties, iet; aizritēt, paiet; nosist, skanēt, sist; sprāgt; norisēt, būt apgrozībā, skanēt -
9 bracket
['brækit] 1. noun1) ((usually in plural) marks (eg (),, etc) used to group together one or more words etc.) iekavas2) (a support for a shelf etc: The shelf fell down because the brackets were not strong enough.) kronšteins2. verb1) (to enclose (words etc) by brackets.) ieslēgt iekavās2) ((sometimes with together) to group together (similar or equal people or things).) pielīdzināt; sagrupēt•* * *atbalsts, pamats; iekava; kategorija, grupa; konsole, kronšteins; ieslēgt iekavās; pielīdzināt -
10 even
I 1. [i:vən] adjective1) (level; the same in height, amount etc: Are the table-legs even?; an even temperature.) vienādlīmeņa-; vienmērīgs2) (smooth: Make the path more even.) gluds; līdzens3) (regular: He has a strong, even pulse.) vienmērīgs4) (divisible by 2 with no remainder: 2, 4, 6, 8, 10 etc are even numbers.) pārskaitļa-5) (equal (in number, amount etc): The teams have scored one goal each and so they are even now.) ar vienādu punktu skaitu6) ((of temperament etc) calm: She has a very even temper.) (par temperatūru) vienmērīgs2. verb1) (to make equal: Smith's goal evened the score.) izlīdzināt punktu skaitu2) (to make smooth or level.) nolīdzināt•- evenly- evenness
- be/get even with
- an even chance
- even out
- even up II [i:vən] adverb1) (used to point out something unexpected in what one is saying: `Have you finished yet?' `No, I haven't even started.'; Even the winner got no prize.) pat2) (yet; still: My boots were dirty, but his were even dirtier.) vēl pat•- even if- even so
- even though* * *vienmērīgi sadalīt; nolīdzināt; līdzens, gluds; vienādlīmeņa; vienmērīgs; nosvērts; pārskaitļa, pāra; pat; vēl pat -
11 stiff
[stif]1) (rigid or firm, and not easily bent, folded etc: He has walked with a stiff leg since he injured his knee; stiff cardboard.) stīvs; ciets2) (moving, or moved, with difficulty, pain etc: I can't turn the key - the lock is stiff; I woke up with a stiff neck; I felt stiff the day after the climb.) stingrs; stīvs3) ((of a cooking mixture etc) thick, and not flowing: a stiff dough.) biezs4) (difficult to do: a stiff examination.) grūts5) (strong: a stiff breeze.) stiprs; spēcīgs6) ((of a person or his manner etc) formal and unfriendly: I received a stiff note from the bank manager.) oficiāls; formāls; vēss•- stiffly- stiffness
- stiffen
- stiffening
- bore
- scare stiff* * *līķis; muļķis; vekselis; viltota banknote; stīvs; biezs; nelokāms; stīvs, klīrīgs; grūts, smags; spēcīgs; stiprs; pārmērīgs; bargs; nepieņemams; galīgi, pilnīgi -
12 decline
1. verb1) (to say `no' to (an invitation etc); to refuse: We declined his offer of a lift.) atteikties; noraidīt2) (to become less strong or less good etc: His health has declined recently; Our profits have temporarily declined.) pasliktināties; mazināties2. noun(a gradual lessening or worsening (of health, standards, quantity etc): There has been a gradual decline in the birthrate.) pasliktināšanās; pazemināšanās; panīkums* * *nogāze, slīpums; panīkums, pagrimums; pasliktināšanās; pazeminājums, pazemināšanās; novakare; noliekties; noliekt; pagrimt, panīkt; kristies, mazināties; pasliktināties; iet uz beigām; atteikties; deklinēt, locīt -
13 heel
[hi:l] 1. noun1) (the back part of the foot: I have a blister on my heel.) papēdis2) (the part of a sock etc that covers this part of the foot: I have a hole in the heel of my sock.) (zeķes) papēdis3) (the part of a shoe, boot etc under or round the heel of the foot: The heel has come off this shoe.) (apava) papēdis2. verb1) (to put a heel on (a shoe etc).) piesist papēdi (apavam)2) ((usually with over) (of ships) to lean to one side: The boat heeled over in the strong wind.) (par kuģi) sasvērties uz sāniem•- - heeled- at/on one's heels
- kick one's heels
- take to one's heels
- to heel
- turn on one's heel* * *sānsvere; papēdis; pēda; piesis; dona, garoza; nelietis, krāpnieks; piesist papēžus; sasvērt uz sāniem; sasvērties uz sāniem; piesist ar papēžiem pie grīdas; sekot pa pēdām; apgādāt ar naudu; izsist bumbu ar papēdi -
14 high
1. adjective1) (at, from, or reaching up to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: a high mountain; a high dive; a dive from the high diving-board.) augsts2) (having a particular height: This building is about 20 metres high; My horse is fifteen hands high.) augsts; garš3) (great; large; considerable: The car was travelling at high speed; He has a high opinion of her work; They charge high prices; high hopes; The child has a high fever/temperature.) liels; augsts4) (most important; very important: the high altar in a church; Important criminal trials are held at the High Court; a high official.) galvenais; augstāks5) (noble; good: high ideals.) augsts; cēls6) ((of a wind) strong: The wind is high tonight.) (par vēju) stiprs7) ((of sounds) at or towards the top of a (musical) range: a high note.) (par skaņu) spalgs; augsts8) ((of voices) like a child's voice (rather than like a man's): He still speaks in a high voice.) (par balsi) augsts9) ((of food, especially meat) beginning to go bad.) (par gaļu) iesmacis10) (having great value: Aces and kings are high cards.) vērtīgs2. adverb(at, or to, a great distance from ground-level, sea-level etc: The plane was flying high in the sky; He'll rise high in his profession.) augstu; stipri- highly- highness
- high-chair
- high-class
- higher education
- high fidelity
- high-handed
- high-handedly
- high-handedness
- high jump
- highlands
- high-level
- highlight 3. verb(to draw particular attention to (a person, thing etc).) izcelt; izgaismot- high-minded
- high-mindedness
- high-pitched
- high-powered
- high-rise
- highroad
- high school
- high-spirited
- high spirits
- high street
- high-tech 4. adjective((also hi-tech): high-tech industries.) augsto tehnoloģiju-- high treason
- high water
- highway
- Highway Code
- highwayman
- high wire
- high and dry
- high and low
- high and mighty
- the high seas
- it is high time* * *augstākā pakāpe, maksimums; augsta spiediena josla, anticiklons; eiforija ar halucinācijām, narkotisks apdullums; augsts; augstāks, galvenais; stiprs, liels; dārgs, augsts; spalgs, griezīgs; līksms, jautrs; cēls, augsts; labākais, augstākais; lepns, krāšņs; straujš; iesmacis; iereibis, piedzēries; narkotiku apdullināts; augstu; spēcīgi, stipri; dārgi; krāšņi, lepni -
15 iron
1. noun1) (( also adjective) (of) an element that is the most common metal, is very hard, and is widely used for making tools etc: Steel is made from iron; The ground is as hard as iron; iron railings; iron determination (= very strong determination).)2) (a flat-bottomed instrument that is heated up and used for smoothing clothes etc: I've burnt a hole in my dress with the iron.) gludeklis3) (a type of golf-club.)2. verb(to smooth (clothes etc) with an iron: This dress needs to be ironed; I've been ironing all afternoon.) gludināt- ironing- irons
- ironing-board
- ironmonger
- ironmongery
- have several
- too many irons in the fire
- iron out
- strike while the iron is hot* * *dzelzs; gludeklis; važas; dzelzs preparāts; gludināt; apkalt ar dzelzi; iekalt važās; dzelzs -
16 mellow
['meləu] 1. adjective1) ((of character) made softer and more mature, relaxed etc by age and/or experience: Her personality became more mellow as middle age approached.) lādzīgs2) ((of sound, colour, light etc) soft, not strong or unpleasant: The lamplight was soft and mellow.) maigs; samtains3) ((of wine, cheese etc) kept until the flavour has developed fully: a mellow burgundy.) izturēts; nostāvējies; nogatavojies2. verb(to make or become softer or more mature: Old age has mellowed him.) vērst lādzīgāku; atmaigt* * *nogatavoties, nobriest; nostāvēties; kļūt labsirdīgam, atmaigt; ienācies, nogatavojies; izturēts, nostāvējies; lekns, auglīgs; samtains, sulīgs, maigs; labsirdīgs; ieskurbis, iereibis -
17 parachute
['pærəʃu:t] 1. noun(an umbrella-shaped piece of light, strong cloth etc beneath which a person etc is tied with ropes so that he etc can come slowly down to the ground from a great height: They made the descent from the plane by parachute; ( also adjective) a parachute-jump.) izpletnis2. verb(to come down to the ground using a parachute: The troops parachuted into France.) nolaisties ar izpletni* * *izpletnis; lēkt ar izpletni; nolaisties ar izpletni; nomest ar izpletni -
18 sound
I adjective1) (strong or in good condition: The foundations of the house are not very sound; He's 87, but he's still sound in mind and body.) drošs; stabils; vesels; labā stāvoklī2) ((of sleep) deep: She's a very sound sleeper.) ciešs/dziļš (miegs)3) (full; thorough: a sound basic training.) pamatīgs; vispusīgs4) (accurate; free from mistakes: a sound piece of work.) labs; dziļš; pilnīgs; pamatīgs5) (having or showing good judgement or good sense: His advice is always very sound.) []prātīgs; pārliecinošs•- soundly- soundness
- sound asleep II 1. noun1) (the impressions transmitted to the brain by the sense of hearing: a barrage of sound; ( also adjective) sound waves.) skaņa2) (something that is, or can be, heard: The sounds were coming from the garage.) skaņa; troksnis3) (the impression created in the mind by a piece of news, a description etc: I didn't like the sound of her hairstyle at all!) stils; pieskaņa; zemteksts2. verb1) (to (cause something to) make a sound: Sound the bell!; The bell sounded.) skanēt; skandināt2) (to signal (something) by making a sound: Sound the alarm!) dot (skaņu) signālu3) ((of something heard or read) to make a particular impression; to seem; to appear: Your singing sounded very good; That sounds like a train.) izklausīties4) (to pronounce: In the word `pneumonia', the letter p is not sounded.) izrunāt5) (to examine by tapping and listening carefully: She sounded the patient's chest.) izklausīt•- soundlessly
- sound effects
- soundproof 3. verb(to make (walls, a room etc) soundproof.) padarīt skaņas necaurlaidīguIII verb(to measure the depth of (water etc).) mērīt (ūdens) dziļumu- sounding- sound out* * *jūras šaurums, zunds; peldpūslis; zonde; skaņa; pieskaņa; lotēt, mērīt dziļumu; skanēt; izklausīties; izprašņāt, iztaujāt; izpētīt; dot signālu; izrunāt; ienirt; zondēt; daudzināt, skandināt; izklaudzināt; izklausīt; veselīgs, vesels; nebojāts, vesels; ciešs, dziļš; pamatots, saprātīgs; dziļš, rūpīgs; spējīgs; pamatīgs; stabils, drošs; likumīgs; cieši -
19 test
[test] 1. noun1) (a set of questions or exercises intended to find out a person's ability, knowledge etc; a short examination: an arithmetic/driving test.) eksāmens; tests; kontroldarbs2) (something done to find out whether a thing is good, strong, efficient etc: a blood test.) analīze; pārbaude3) (an event, situation etc that shows how good or bad something is: a test of his courage.) pārbaude4) (a way to find out if something exists or is present: a test for radioactivity.) analīze5) (a test match.) (starptautisks) kriketa vai regbija mačs2. verb(to carry out a test or tests on (someone or something): The students were tested on their French; They tested the new aircraft.) eksaminēt; pārbaudīt- test pilot
- test-tube* * *izmēģinājumi, pārbaude; mēraukla, kritērijs; kontroldarbs; tests; izmeklēšana; analīze; reaģents, reaktīvs; oficiāli apstiprināt; pārbaudīt; izdarīt analīzi -
20 wind
I 1. [wind] noun1) ((an) outdoor current of air: The wind is strong today; There wasn't much wind yesterday; Cold winds blow across the desert.) vējš2) (breath: Climbing these stairs takes all the wind out of me.) elpa3) (air or gas in the stomach or intestines: His stomach pains were due to wind.) (kuņģa, zarnu) gāzes2. verb(to cause to be out of breath: The heavy blow winded him.) aizsist elpu3. adjective((of a musical instrument) operated or played using air pressure, especially a person's breath.) pūšamais (instruments)- windy- windiness
- windfall
- windmill
- windpipe
- windsurf
- windsurfer
- windsurfing
- windscreen
- windsock
- windsurf
- windsurfer
- windsurfing
- windswept
- get the wind up
- get wind of
- get one's second wind
- in the wind
- like the wind II past tense, past participle - wound; verb1) (to wrap round in coils: He wound the rope around his waist and began to climb.) []tīt2) (to make into a ball or coil: to wind wool.) satīt3) ((of a road etc) to twist and turn: The road winds up the mountain.) vīties; līkumot4) (to tighten the spring of (a clock, watch etc) by turning a knob, handle etc: I forgot to wind my watch.) uzgriezt; uzvilkt•- winder- winding
- wind up
- be/get wound up* * *vējš; vītne, vijums; līkums; elpot; tinums; gāzes; smaka; tukši vārdi; pūst; neļaut atvilkt elpu; tīties; aptīties; vīties; ļaut atvilkt elpu; saost; tīt; aptīt; uzvilkt; cilpot; celt ar vinču
См. также в других словарях:
strong — W1S1 [strɔŋ US stro:ŋ] adj comparative stronger superlative strongest ▬▬▬▬▬▬▬ 1¦(able to lift heavy things/do hard work)¦ 2¦(not easily damaged)¦ 3¦(able to deal with difficulty)¦ 4¦(powerful)¦ 5¦(feelings/opinions)¦ 6¦(affect/influence)¦… … Dictionary of contemporary English
Strong — Strong, a. [Compar. {Stronger}; superl. {Strongest}.] [AS. strang, strong; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous, OHG. strengi strong, brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong, severe, Dan. streng, Sw. str[ a]ng strict, severe. Cf. {Strength},… … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
Strong conjugation — Strong Strong, a. [Compar. {Stronger}; superl. {Strongest}.] [AS. strang, strong; akin to D. & G. streng strict, rigorous, OHG. strengi strong, brave, harsh, Icel. strangr strong, severe, Dan. streng, Sw. str[ a]ng strict, severe. Cf. {Strength} … The Collaborative International Dictionary of English
strong — [strɒŋ ǁ strɒːŋ] adjective ECONOMICS FINANCE 1. a strong economy or business is financially successful, especially because a lot of money is being earned or received: • They fear a strong economy will lead to higher inflation. • products that… … Financial and business terms
strong — [strôŋ] adj. [ME < OE strang, akin to ON strangr, strong, severe, Ger streng, severe < IE base * strenk , *streng , tense, taut > STRING, Gr strangos, twisted, L stringere, to draw taut] 1. a) physically powerful; having great muscular… … English World dictionary
strong — [ strɔŋ ] adjective *** ▸ 1 powerful and healthy ▸ 2 produced with power ▸ 3 not easily damaged ▸ 4 relationship: close ▸ 5 with confidence, etc. ▸ 6 good at doing something ▸ 7 firmly believed/felt ▸ 8 based on reason/fact ▸ 9 high degree/level… … Usage of the words and phrases in modern English
Strong-billed Honeyeater — Conservation status … Wikipedia
strong-arm — adj [only before noun] strong arm tactics/methods etc the use of force or violence, especially when this is not necessary >strong arm v [T] … Dictionary of contemporary English
strong meat — noun 1. Solid food, not milk (Bible, Hebrews 5.12–14) 2. Anything tending to arouse fear, repulsion, etc • • • Main Entry: ↑strong … Useful english dictionary
strong — adj. & adv. adj. (stronger; strongest) 1 having the power of resistance; able to withstand great force or opposition; not easily damaged or overcome (strong material; strong faith; a strong character). 2 (of a person s constitution) able to… … Useful english dictionary
strong — strongish, adj. strongly, adv. strongness, n. /strawng, strong/, adj., stronger /strawng geuhr, strong /, strongest /strawng gist, strong /, adv. adj. 1. having, showing, or able to exert great bodily or muscular power; physically vigorous or… … Universalium