stranger

exsŭlo or exŭlo, also arch. exsŏlo, exŏlo, āvi, ātum, 1, v. n. and a. [exsul].

Neutr., to be an exile or banished person, to live in exile (class.):

qui Romam in exsili um venisset, cui Romae exsulare jus esset,

Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 177:

ut exsulares,

id. Par. 4, 2, 32 sq.:

aptissimus ad exulandum locus,

id. Fam. 4, 8, 2:

in Volscos exsulatum abiit,

Liv. 2, 35, 6:

exsulans atque egens,

Cic. Tusc. 3, 18, 39:

apud Prusiam exsulans,

id. Div. 2, 24, 52; Mart. Spect. 4, 5 et saep.:

alii exolatum abierant,

Plaut. Trin. 2, 4, 134; id. Ps. 4, 3, 18.—

Transf.:

perii, nam domo exulo nunc: metuo fratrem, Ne intus sit,

Ter. Eun. 3, 5, 62:

cum omnes meo discessu exsulasse rem publicam putent,

Cic. Par. 4, 2, 30:

peculatus ex urbe et avaritia si exulant,

Plaut. Pers. 4, 4, 7:

etiam cum manent corpore, animo tamen exsulant,

Cic. Rep. 2, 4, 7:

quousque in regno exsulabo,

be a stranger in my own country, Curt. 5, 8, 11.—

Act., to banish, exile a person (late Lat.):

tunc iterum exulatur,

Hyg. Fab. 26; Dict. Cretens. 4, 4 fin.

extrānĕus, a, um, adj. [extra], that is without, external, extraneous, strange, foreign (mostly post-Aug.; syn.: peregrinus, alienus, adventicius, externus).

In gen.:

causa,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

cognomen,

id. ib. 4, 31, 42.—

In partic., with respect to one's family, strange, not related, foreign. —Esp.

Leg. t. t.: heredes extranei, not of one's blood or household:

ceteri, qui testatoris juri subjecti non sunt, extranei heredes appellantur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 161; Dig. 45, 3, 11 et saep.—

Subst.: extrānĕus, i, m., a stranger:

ut non tam in extraneum translatum quam in familiam reversum videretur,

Just. 1, 10:

filiam extraneorum coetu prohibere,

Suet. Aug. 69; id. Claud. 4 fin.:

finis vitae ejus nobis luctuosus, amicis tristis, extraneis etiam ignotisque non sine cura fuit,

Tac. Agr. 43; id. A. 4, 11; Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39; Vulg. Psa. 68, 9 al.—Hence, adv.: extrā-nĕe, strangely, impertinently: definire, Boëth. Arist. Top. 1, 14.

extrānĕus, a, um, adj. [extra], that is without, external, extraneous, strange, foreign (mostly post-Aug.; syn.: peregrinus, alienus, adventicius, externus).

In gen.:

causa,

Auct. Her. 3, 2, 2:

cognomen,

id. ib. 4, 31, 42.—

In partic., with respect to one's family, strange, not related, foreign. —Esp.

Leg. t. t.: heredes extranei, not of one's blood or household:

ceteri, qui testatoris juri subjecti non sunt, extranei heredes appellantur,

Gai. Inst. 2, 161; Dig. 45, 3, 11 et saep.—

Subst.: extrānĕus, i, m., a stranger:

ut non tam in extraneum translatum quam in familiam reversum videretur,

Just. 1, 10:

filiam extraneorum coetu prohibere,

Suet. Aug. 69; id. Claud. 4 fin.:

finis vitae ejus nobis luctuosus, amicis tristis, extraneis etiam ignotisque non sine cura fuit,

Tac. Agr. 43; id. A. 4, 11; Plin. 28, 4, 7, § 39; Vulg. Psa. 68, 9 al.—Hence, adv.: extrā-nĕe, strangely, impertinently: definire, Boëth. Arist. Top. 1, 14.

extrārĭus, a, um, adj. [extra], outward, external, extrinsic (rare but class.).

In gen.:

lux,

Lucr. 4, 277:

utilitas aut in corpore posita est aut in extrariis rebus,

Cic. Inv. 2, 56, 168:

res,

id. ib. 2, 59, 177; cf.:

aut in extrariam aut in ipsius qui periit voluntatem,

Quint. 7, 2, 9:

defensio,

Auct. Her. 2, 13, 19.—

In partic., as respects one's family, strange, unrelated; and subst., a stranger (cf. extraneus):

hanc condicionem si cui tulero extrario,

Ter. Phorm. 4, 1, 13:

extrarii (opp. mei),

App. Flor. p. 359:

sub extrario accusatore et legibus agente (opp. in domesticis disceptationibus),

Quint. 7, 4, 9:

extrarios reliquit heredes,

Dig. 38, 2, 36 et saep.—Connected with ab: ut me esse in hac re ducat abs te extrarium? Afran. ap. Non. 103, 11.

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.

hostĭcus, a, um, adj. [hostis].

Of or belonging to an enemy, hostile (mostly poet. and in post-Aug. prose;

not in Cic. or Cæs.): ager,

Liv. 44, 13:

tellus,

Ov. P. 1, 3, 65:

moenia,

Hor. C. 3, 2, 6:

vindemia,

Ov. F. 4, 893:

manus,

Plaut. Capt. 2, 1, 49; 2, 2, 61:

ensis,

Hor. S. 1, 9, 31:

incursiones, Col. praef. § 19: tumultus,

Flor. 3, 10, 17.—In neutr. as subst.: hostĭcum, i, the enemy's territory:

castra in hostico incuriose posita,

Liv. 8, 38, 2:

raptae ex hostico messes,

Plin. Pan. 29, 3:

transire in hosticum,

Eum. Pan. ad Constant. 13; also enmity:

hosticum spirare,

Tert. Mag. 35.—

Of or belonging to a stranger, strange, foreign:

hosticum hoc mihi domiciliumst, Athenis domus est,

Plaut. Mil. 2, 5, 40.

hostis (also fos-), is, comm. [Sanscr. root ghas-, to eat, consume, destroy; Germ. Gast; cf. also hasta], a stranger, foreigner; afterwards transf., an enemy (cf.:

adversarius, inimicus, perduellis): equidem etiam illud animadverto, quod qui proprio nomine perduellis esset, is hostis vocaretur, lenitate verbi rei tristitiam mitigatam. Hostis enim apud majores nostros is dicebatur, quem nunc peregrinum dicimus... quamquam id nomen durius effecit jam vetustas: a peregrino enim recessit et proprie in eo qui arma contra ferret remansit,

Cic. Off. 1, 12, 37; cf. Varr. L. L. 5, § 3 Müll.: hostis apud antiquos peregrinus dicebatur, et qui nunc hostis perduellio, Paul. ex Fest. p. 102 P.—

An enemy in arms or of one's country (opp. inimicus, a private enemy, or one who is inimically disposed).

Lit.:

qui (Pompeius) saepius cum hoste conflixit quam quisquam cum inimico concertavit,

Cic. de Imp. Pomp. 10, 28; cf.:

omnes nos statuit ille quidem non inimicos sed hostes,

id. Phil. 11, 1, 3;

opp. inimicus,

Curt. 7, 10 (v. also the foll.):

debent oratori sic esse adversariorum nota consilia, ut hostium imperatori,

Quint. 12, 1, 35:

legiones hostium,

Plaut. Am. prol. 136:

hostes nefarios prostravit,

Cic. Phil. 14, 10, 27:

(bellum) compellere intra hostium moenia,

id. Rep. 1, 1:

vita ex hostium telis servata,

id. ib. 1, 3:

adventus hostium,

id. ib. 2, 3:

ut eam (probitatem) vel in eis quos numquam vidimus, vel, quod majus est, in hoste etiam diligamus,

id. Lael. 9, 29:

hostem rapinis prohibere,

Caes. B. G. 1, 15, 4:

quando hostis alienigena terrae Italiae bellum intulisset,

Liv. 29, 10, 5:

servit Hispanae vetus hostis orae Cantaber sera domitus catena,

Hor. C. 3, 8, 21:

terra marique victus hostis,

id. Epod. 9, 27 et saep.:

inimicis quoque et hostibus ea indigna videri,

Cic. Inv. 1, 54, 105; cf.:

inimicus, hostis esset, tanta contumelia accepta,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 24, § 58:

sibi inimicus atque hostis,

id. Fin. 5, 10, 29:

horum omnium communis hostis praedoque,

id. Verr. 2, 2, 6, § 17:

tam dis hominibusque hostis,

id. Phil. 2, 26, 64; id. Att. 15, 21, 1:

Cn. Pompeius auctor et dux mei reditus, illius (Clodii) hostis,

id. Mil. 15, 39:

acer Bupalo hostis (Hipponax),

Hor. Epod. 6, 14:

fas est et ab hoste doceri,

Ov. M. 4, 428:

di meliora piis erroremque hostibus illum!

Verg. G. 3, 513; cf. Ov. H. 16, 219; id. Am. 2, 10, 16; id. F. 3, 494; id. P. 4, 6, 35:

quam (aquam) hostis hosti commodat,

Plaut. Rud. 2, 4, 21.— In fem.:

hostis est uxor, invita quae ad virum nuptum datur,

Plaut. Stich. 1, 2, 83:

nupta meretrici hostis est,

Ter. Hec. 5, 2, 23:

ut, quo die captam hostem vidisset, eodem matrimonio junctam acciperet,

Liv. 30, 14, 2:

cum certa videbitur hostis,

Ov. A. A. 2, 461; id. H. 6, 82; Prop. 1, 4, 18:

ille uxorem, tu hostem luges,

Curt. 4, 11, 4.—

Transf., of animals or things ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):

qualem ministrum fulminis alitem... in ovilia Demisit hostem vividus impetus,

Hor. C. 4, 4, 10; Ov. F. 1, 359:

rhinoceros genitus hostis elephanto,

Plin. 8, 20, 29, § 71.—Of a chessman:

unus cum gemino calculus hoste perit,

Ov. A. A. 3, 358:

fac, pereat vitreo miles ab hoste tuus,

id. ib. 2, 208:

rerum ipsa natura non parens sed noverca fuerit, si facultatem dicendi sociam scelerum, adversam innocentiae, hostem veritatis invenit,

Quint. 12, 1, 2:

illa vero vitiosissima, quae jam humanitas vocatur, studiorum perniciosissima hostis,

id. 2, 2, 10 —

Of an adversary in a suit, in a parody of the law of the Twelve Tables:

si status condictus cum hoste intercedit dies,

Plaut. Curc. 1, 1, 5; cf. also Gell. 16, 4, 4.

prŏsēlytus, a, um, = prosêlutos, come from abroad, foreign, strange (late Lat.):

numeravit Salomon omnes viros proselytos,

Vulg. 2 Par. 2, 17.—Hence, as subst.,

prŏsēlytus, i, m.

A sojourner, a stranger in the land:

proselyti et advenae,

Vulg. Tob. 1, 7; id. Ezech. 14, 7.—

Esp., one that has come over from heathenism to the Jewish religion, a proselyte (postclass.), Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 21; Hier. Ep. 64, n. 8; Vulg. Matt. 23, 15; Inscr. Fabr. p. 465, n. 101.—

prŏsēlyta, ae, f., a female proselyte, converted woman, Inscr. Orell. 25, 22.

prŏsēlytus, a, um, = prosêlutos, come from abroad, foreign, strange (late Lat.):

numeravit Salomon omnes viros proselytos,

Vulg. 2 Par. 2, 17.—Hence, as subst.,

prŏsēlytus, i, m.

A sojourner, a stranger in the land:

proselyti et advenae,

Vulg. Tob. 1, 7; id. Ezech. 14, 7.—

Esp., one that has come over from heathenism to the Jewish religion, a proselyte (postclass.), Tert. adv. Marc. 3, 21; Hier. Ep. 64, n. 8; Vulg. Matt. 23, 15; Inscr. Fabr. p. 465, n. 101.—

prŏsēlyta, ae, f., a female proselyte, converted woman, Inscr. Orell. 25, 22.