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21 depreciation
Gen Mgtan allocation of the cost of an asset over a period of time for accounting and tax purposes. Depreciation is charged against earnings, on the basis that the use of capital assets is a legitimate cost of doing business. Depreciation is also a noncash expense that is added into net income to determine cash-flow in a given accounting period.EXAMPLETo qualify for depreciation, assets must be items used in the business that wear out, become obsolete, or lose value over time from natural causes or circumstances, and they must have a useful life beyond a single tax year. Examples include vehicles, machines equipment, furnishings, and buildings, plus major additions or improvements to such assets. Some intangible assets also can be included under certain conditions. Land, personal assets, stock, leased or rented property, and a company’s employees cannot be depreciated.Straight-line depreciation is the most straightforward method. It assumes that the net cost of an asset should be written off in equal amounts over its life. The formula used is:(Original cost – scrap value)/Useful life (years)For example, if a vehicle cost $20,000 and can be expected to serve the business for seven years, its original cost would be divided by its useful life:(30,000 – 2,000)/7 = 4,000 per yearThe $4,000 becomes a depreciation expense that is reported on the company’s year-end income statement under “operation expenses.”In theory, an asset should be depreciated over the actual number of years that it will be used, according to its actual drop in value each year. At the end of each year, all the depreciation claimed to date is subtracted from its cost in order to arrive at its book value, which would equal its market value. At the end of its useful business life, any undepreciated portion would represent the salvage value for which it could be sold or scrapped.For tax purposes, some accountants prefer to use accelerated depreciation to record larger amounts of depreciation in the asset’s early years in order to reduce tax bills as soon as possible. In contrast to the straight-line method, the declining-balance method assumes that the asset depreciates more in its earlier years of use. The table opposite compares the depreciation amounts that would be available, under these two methods, for a $1,000 asset that is expected to be used for five years and then sold for $100 in scrap.The depreciation method to be used for a particular asset is fixed at the time that the asset is first placed in service. Whatever rulesor tables are in effect for that year must be followed as long as the asset is owned.Depreciation laws and regulations change frequently over the years as a result of government policy changes, so a company owning property over a long period may have to use several different depreciation methods. -
22 metodo
m method* * *metodo s.m.1 method, system; (tecnica) technique: metodo induttivo, deduttivo, inductive, deductive method; metodo analitico, sintetico, analytic, synthetic method; metodo scientifico, sperimentale, scientific, experimental method; mancanza di metodo, lack of method; lavorare senza metodo, to work without method (o unmethodically); non aver metodo, to lack method (o to be unmethodical); metodo d'indagine, method of survey; metodo di lavoro, working method; metodo di lavorazione, process (o processing technique) // (econ.): metodo di ammortamento, depreciation method; metodo di pagamento, method of payment; metodi di produzione, methods of production; metodo di vendita, sales method; metodo di negoziazione, transaction system // (amm.): metodo della partita doppia, double-entry system; metodo di contabilità dei costi, cost accounting system; metodo di ammortamento a quote costanti, straight-line method of depreciation // ( banca) metodo scalare, daily-balance interest calculation // (assicurazioni) metodo di valutazione dei danni, measure of damage // (inform.): metodo di accesso, access level (o method); metodo di accesso di base, basic access method; metodo di accesso di base in teletrasmissione, basic telecommunication access method; metodo del percorso critico, critical path method; metodo del percorso sequenziale di base, basic sequential access method; metodo di registrazione su nastro, tape mode2 (manuale) tutor, method, primer: metodo di pianoforte, piano tutor (o method)3 (modo di agire) behaviour; (maniera) method, way: metodi sbrigativi, brisk ways; metodi drastici, drastic methods4 (calcio) the tactic of playing with two fullbacks, three halfbacks and five forwards.* * *['mɛtodo]sostantivo maschile1) method, system-i di insegnamento, di coltivazione — teaching, farming methods
2) (maniera, modo) way-i sbrigativi, drastici — brisk, drastic measures
lavorare con metodo — to work systematically o with method
4) (manuale) (per strumenti musicali) tutor; (di lingue straniere) course book BE, textbook AE* * *metodo/'mεtodo/sostantivo m.1 method, system; -i di insegnamento, di coltivazione teaching, farming methods2 (maniera, modo) way; -i sbrigativi, drastici brisk, drastic measures; con -i illegali by illegal means3 (sistematicità) lavorare con metodo to work systematically o with method; avere metodo to be methodical; non avere metodo to lack system -
23 метод пропорционального списания при учёте амортизации
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > метод пропорционального списания при учёте амортизации
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24 метод равномерного списания стоимости с поправкой на фактический износ
1) Economy: straight-line method of depreciation adjusted for usage (с учётом неравномерности его эксплуатации)2) Makarov: (основного капитала) straight-line method of depreciation adjusted for usage (с учётом неравномерности его эксплуатации)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > метод равномерного списания стоимости с поправкой на фактический износ
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25 lineare Abschreibung
lineare Abschreibung f RW straight-line depreciation* * *f < Rechnung> straight-line depreciation* * *lineare Abschreibung
straight-line [method of] depreciation (US) -
26 linear
linear
linear, allround, across the board;
• lineare Abschreibung straight-line depreciation (US);
• lineare Abschreibungsmethode straight-line method of depreciation (US);
• linearer Abschreibungssatz straight-line rate (US);
• lineare Lohnerhöhung across-the-board wage increase;
• lineare Planungsrechnung (Programmierung) (Computer) linear program(m)ing;
• lineare Steuererhöhung linear increase of taxation;
• lineare Steuersenkung allround tax reduction. -
27 amortization
Fin1. a method of recovering (deducting or writing off) the capital costs of intangible assets over a fixed period of time.EXAMPLEFor tax purposes, the distinction is not always made between amortization and depreciation, yet amortization remains a viable financial accounting concept in its own right.It is computed using the straight-line method of depreciation: divide the initial cost of the intangible asset by the estimated useful life of that asset.Initial cost/useful life = amortization per yearFor example, if it costs $10,000 to acquire a patent and it has an estimated useful life of 10 years, the amortized amount per year is $1,000.$10,000/10 = $1,000 per yearThe amount of amortization accumulated since the asset was acquired appears on the organization’s balance sheet as a deduction under the amortized asset.While that formula is straightforward, amortization can also incorporate a variety of noncash charges to net earnings and/or asset values, such as depletion, write-offs, prepaid expenses, and deferred charges. Accordingly, there are many rules to regulate how these charges appear on financial statements. The rules are different in each country, and are occasionally changed, so it is necessary to stay abreast of them and rely on expert advice.For financial reporting purposes, an intangible asset is amortized over a period of years. The amortizable life—“useful life”—of an intangible asset is the period over which it gives economic benefit.Intangibles that can be amortized can include:Copyrights, based on the amount paid either to purchase them or to develop them internally, plus the costs incurred in producing the work (wages or materials, for example). At present, a copyright is granted to a corporation for 75 years, and to an individual for the life of the author plus 50 years. However, the estimated useful life of a copyright is usually far less than its legal life, and it is generally amortized over a fairly short period;Cost of a franchise, including any fees paid to the franchiser, as well legal costs or expenses incurred in the acquisition. A franchise granted for a limited period should be amortized over its life. If the franchise has an indefinite life, it should be amortized over a reasonable period not to exceed 40 years;Covenants not to compete: an agreement by the seller of a business not to engage in a competing business in a certain area for a specific period of time. The cost of the not-tocompete covenant should be amortized over the period covered by the covenant unless its estimated economic life is expected to be less;Easement costs that grant a right of way may be amortized if there is a limited and specified life; Organization costs incurred when forming a corporation or a partnership, including legal fees, accounting services, incorporation fees, and other related services.Organization costs are usually amortized over 60 months;Patents, both those developed internally and those purchased. If developed internally, a patent’s “amortizable basis” includes legal fees incurred during the application process. A patent should be amortized over its legal life or its economic life, whichever is the shorter;Trademarks, brands, and trade names, which should be written off over a period not to exceed 40 years;Other types of property that may be amortized include certain intangible drilling costs, circulation costs, mine development costs, pollution control facilities, and reforestation expenditures;Certain intangibles cannot be amortized, but may be depreciated using a straight-line approach if they have “determinable” useful life. Because the rules are different in each country and are subject to change, it is essential to rely on specialist advice.2. the repayment of the principal and interest on a loan in equal amounts over a period of time -
28 прямолинейно
1) Mathematics: in straight lines2) General subject: upfront3) EBRD: on a straight-line basis, straight-line method4) Makarov: linearly, rectilinearly -
29 прямолінійно
on a straight-line basis; straight-line method -
30 метод равномерного списания стоимости
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > метод равномерного списания стоимости
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31 Abschreibung
Abschreibung f 1. FIN, RW writedown, depreciation, allowance for depreciation, depreciation allowance (Sachanlagevermögen); amortization (immaterielles Anlagevermögen = intangible fixed assets, insbesondere der Geschäftswert = goodwill; IAS 38); write-off, writeoff (außerplanmäßige Vollabschreibung, non-scheduled depreciation); (BE) capital allowance, writing-off; (AE) allowance for depreciation; 2. GRUND depreciation; 3. WIWI capital consumption, capital consumption allowance* * *f 1. < Geschäft> write-off, transcription; 2. < Grund> depreciation; 3. < Rechnung> amortizement, capital allowance (BE), writing-off, allowance for depreciation (AE), amortization; 4. <Vw> capital consumption, capital consumption allowance* * *Abschreibung
writeoff (US), charge-off, markdown, write-down, (einzelner Posten) item written off, (für Substanzverringerung) depletion, (für Wertminderung) [allowance for] depreciation, amortization, lost usefulness;
• nach Abschreibung aller Verluste after charging off all losses;
• 7b Abschreibung allowance on premises, [statutory] repairs allowance (deduction);
• altersbedingte Abschreibung depreciation for age;
• bilanzmäßig anerkannte Abschreibung balance-sheet depreciation;
• steuerlich anerkannte Abschreibung tax (business) depreciation, tax writeoff (US) (write-off, Br.);
• beschleunigte Abschreibung accelerated depreciation, emergency amortization, rapid writeoff (US);
• betriebsbedingte Abschreibungen plant write-offs (Br.);
• buchmäßige Abschreibung theoretical depreciation;
• degressive Abschreibung declining-balance (reducing balance) depreciation;
• geometrisch degressive Abschreibung double-declining balance depreciation;
• digitale Abschreibung sum-of-the-years digit method (US);
• entstandene Abschreibungen depreciation accruals;
• aufgrund natürlicher Abnutzung erforderliche Abschreibung physical depreciation;
• erhöhte Abschreibungen accelerated allowance (Br.);
• gebrauchsbedingte Abschreibung (Maschinen) wear-out;
• genehmigte Abschreibung allowance for depreciation (Br.);
• laufende Abschreibungen writing-down allowances (Br.);
• lineare Abschreibung straight-line [method of] depreciation (US);
• höchst mögliche Abschreibung maximum depreciation;
• normale Abschreibung ordinary depreciation;
• ordentliche Abschreibung depreciation according to plan;
• progressive Abschreibung sinking-fund method of depreciation (US);
• steuerbegünstigte vorzeitige Abschreibung accelerated allowance (Br.), emergency amortization, rapid writeoff (US);
• übermäßige Abschreibung excessive depreciation;
• verbrauchsbedingte Abschreibung physical depreciation;
• verdiente Abschreibung amount of depreciation earned;
• verkürzte Abschreibung accelerated writeoff (Br.);
• vollständige Abschreibung wholesale writing down;
• steuerlich zulässige Abschreibungen tax writeoffs (US), capital allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibung für Abnutzung depreciation for wear and tear (Br.), wear-and-tear allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibung für Anlagegüter (AfA) annual allowance (Br.);
• jährliche Abschreibung auf das Anlagevermögen capital allowance (Br.), depreciation on fixed assets, annual depreciation (allowance, Br.);
• Abschreibung im Anschaffungsjahr first-year allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibung nach Anschaffungswerten historic-cost depreciation;
• Abschreibung auf Basis der erbrachten Leistung service output depreciation method;
• Abschreibungen auf Betriebsanlagen depreciation of industrial equipment, allowance on plant (Br.);
• Abschreibung auf die Betriebs- und Geschäftsausstattung depreciation on office furniture and equipment;
• Abschreibungen auf Betriebsanlagen und Zubehör plant and material writeoffs;
• Abschreibungen auf das Betriebsvermögen works depreciation;
• Abschreibung vom jeweiligen Buchwert written-down value;
• Abschreibungen für Devisenverluste writeoffs for losses on foreign exchange (US);
• Abschreibungen auf Einrichtungsgegenstände capital allowances on furniture (Br.);
• Abschreibung auf Fabrikgebäude mills and factories allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibung auf Finanzanlagen writedowns and other valuation adjustments of investments;
• Abschreibungen für Gebäude depreciation of buildings;
• Abschreibung auf gewerblich genutzte Gebäude industrial building allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibung auf Gebäudekonto (für Gebäudeabnutzung) reduction of premises account;
• Abschreibungen und Gewinne retentions;
• Abschreibungen plus nicht ausgeschüttete Gewinne business savings, net cashflow;
• Abschreibungen auf Grundstücke real-estate depreciation, depreciation of premises (property owned);
• Abschreibungen auf das Grundstücksvermögen depreciation on land;
• Abschreibungen auf Industriebauten industrial building allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibung für Investitionen investment allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibung von Lagerbeständen inventory writedown;
• hundertprozentige steuerliche Abschreibungen für Maschinen und Betriebsausrüstung im Anlaufsjahr 100% first-year tax relief on new machinery and plant;
• Abschreibung auf den Maschinenpark depreciation on machinery;
• Abschreibung im Rahmen der volkswirtschaftlichen Gesamtrechnung maintaining capital intact;
• Abschreibung auf Rationalisierungsinvestitionen functional depreciation;
• Abschreibungen auf Sachanlagen depreciation on tangible assets;
• Abschreibung für Substanzverringerung (Substanzverzehr, Substanzverlust) depletion allowance (Br.) (expenses);
• Abschreibungen auf Verwaltungsgebäude reductions of premises account;
• Abschreibungen auf Warenbestände inventory writedowns;
• Abschreibung auf Werksanlagen depreciation on plant;
• Abschreibung für Wertminderung allowance for wear and tear (Br.);
• Abschreibung nach Wiederbeschaffungskosten replacement-cost depreciation;
• Abschreibung vom Wiederbeschaffungswert depreciation on replacement value;
• Abschreibung auf Wirtschaftsgebäude agricultural building allowance (Br.);
• Abschreibungen auf die Preise abwälzen to charge depreciation of equipment onto costs;
• Abschreibung aussetzen to interrupt depreciation;
• mit Abschreibungen belasten to charge depreciations;
• zulässige Abschreibung auf das Anlagevermögen berechnen to compute allowance (Br.) (depreciation);
• steuerliche Abschreibungen vornehmen können to gain relief;
• steuerlich zulässige Abschreibungen in Anspruch nehmen to claim capital allowance (Br.);
• als steuerlich zulässige Abschreibung anerkannt sein to qualify for capital allowances (Br.);
• mit Abschreibungen belastet sein to be burdened with charges of depreciations;
• seine Abschreibungen verdienen to earn one’s depreciation;
• Abschreibung [zeitlich] verteilen to allocate depreciation;
• seine Abschreibungen steuerlich über mehrere Jahre verteilen to spread one’s depreciation over several years;
• Abschreibungen vornehmen to write off (down), to charge depreciations, to depreciate;
• steuerlich anerkannte Abschreibungen vornehmen to depreciate for tax purposes;
• Abschreibungen auf Kapitalanlagegüter steuerlich vortragen to carry forward capital allowance (Br.);
• 2% des Hauswertes pro Jahr für Abschreibungen zulassen to compute the writing-down on the basis of 2% per year of the cost of the building (Br.);
• für Abschreibungen zurückstellen to allow for depreciation. -
32 метод прямого списания
1) General subject: direct write-off, straight-line method2) Accounting: direct charge-off method (безнадёжных долгов), direct write-off method (безнадёжных долгов)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > метод прямого списания
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33 линейный метод начисления амортизации
1) General subject: direct method of depreciation2) Accounting: straight-line method of depreciationУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > линейный метод начисления амортизации
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34 метод равномерного списания стоимости основного капитала с поправкой на фактический износ
Accounting: method straight-line method of depreciation adjusted for usage (с учётом неравномерности, его эксплуатации)Универсальный русско-английский словарь > метод равномерного списания стоимости основного капитала с поправкой на фактический износ
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35 методы начисления износа
к числу наиболее распространенных методов относятся: метод равномерного начисления износа (straight-line method of depreciation); метод уменьшающегося остатка (reducing balance method); метод начисления износа на основе "суммы годовых цифр" (sum of the years' digits). Выбор метода зачастую определяется простотой его применения и налоговым законодательством
Специализированный русско-английский словарь бухгалтерских терминов > методы начисления износа
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36 методы списания облигационной скидки/премии
methods of amortizing the bond discount/premiumСуществуют два метода: прямолинейный метод (straight-line method of amortizing the bond discount/premium) и метод фактической процентной ставки (effective interest method of amortizing the bond discount/premium)
Специализированный русско-английский словарь бухгалтерских терминов > методы списания облигационной скидки/премии
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37 амортизационные отчисления
В бухгалтерской практике амортизационные отчисления рассчитываются двумя методами: линейным методом (когда стоимость актива постепенно списывается равными частями в течение срока амортизации актива) и методом уменьшения баланса (когда попериодные амортизационные отчисления постепенно уменьшаются в течение всего амортизационного срока актива). — In accountancy practice, depreciation deductions are calculated by two methods: the straight-line method (where the asset value is written off by equal installments over its estimated life) and the reducing-balance method (where depreciation charge per period gradually diminishes throughout the asset's life).
Russian-English Dictionary "Microeconomics" > амортизационные отчисления
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38 линейный способ
General subject: straight-line method -
39 метод пропорционального списания
Economy: straight line methodУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > метод пропорционального списания
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40 метод пропорционального списания стоимости
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > метод пропорционального списания стоимости
См. также в других словарях:
straight-line method — UK US noun [S] ACCOUNTING ► a way of depreciating (= reducing the value of) a fixed asset in a company s accounts, in which the asset s value is reduced by the same amount each year. This amount is equal to the asset s value when you can no… … Financial and business terms
straight line method — ➔ method … Financial and business terms
straight-line method — n. A method for figuring depreciation of an asset by subtracting the anticipated salvage value, and then dividing the remainder by the estimated number of years of its usefulness. Webster s New World Law Dictionary. Susan Ellis Wild. 2000 … Law dictionary
straight-line method — noun (accounting) a method of calculating depreciation by taking an equal amount of the asset s cost as an expense for each year of the asset s useful life • Syn: ↑straight line method of depreciation • Topics: ↑accounting • Hypernyms:… … Useful english dictionary
straight-line method of depreciation — noun (accounting) a method of calculating depreciation by taking an equal amount of the asset s cost as an expense for each year of the asset s useful life • Syn: ↑straight line method • Topics: ↑accounting • Hypernyms: ↑depreciation, ↑ … Useful english dictionary
straight-line method — A method of calculating the amount by which a fixed asset is to be depreciated in an accounting period, in which the depreciation to be charged against income is based on the original cost or valuation, less the asset s estimated net residual… … Accounting dictionary
straight-line method — A method of calculating the amount by which a fixed asset is to be depreciated in an accounting period, in which the depreciation to be charged against income is based on the original cost or valuation, less the asset s estimated net residual… … Big dictionary of business and management
straight line — ˌstraight ˈline adjective ACCOUNTING the straight line method of calculating depreciation (= fall in value) on an asset involves dividing the original cost of the asset, less its value as scrap, by the number of years it is expected to be used.… … Financial and business terms
straight–line — adj: marked by equal payments over a given term using the straight–line method of depreciation Merriam Webster’s Dictionary of Law. Merriam Webster. 1996 … Law dictionary
straight line depreciation — /streɪt laɪn dɪpriɪʃiˌeɪʃ(ə)n/ noun depreciation calculated by dividing the cost of an asset, less its remaining value, by the number of years it is likely to be used COMMENT: Various methods of depreciating assets are used; under the ‘straight… … Marketing dictionary in english
straight-line depreciation — A method of deducting the cost of a business asset by deductions in equal annual amounts. The period of time is specified by the Internal Revenue Code for different categories of assets, typically from three to 39 years. Category: Business, LLCs… … Law dictionary