stone+mountain

φῶς, φωτός, τό (Trag.+ [in Hom. φάος or φόως]; loanw. in rabb.) ‘light’

① light in contrast to darkness, light

ⓐ in the physical realm καθόλου τὸ φῶς μὴ βλέπειν (of Judas) Papias (3:2).—Opp. σκότος, as Job 18:18; En 104:8; PGM 5, 101; 7, 262; 13, 335; Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 (p. 60, 7) 2 Cor 4:6 (cp. Gen 1:3ff); 6:14. Not present at night J 11:10. λευκὸς ὡς τὸ φ. Mt 17:2. νεφέλη φωτός a bright cloud vs. 5 v.l. (TestAbr A 9 p. 87, 12 [Stone p. 22]). Of the light of the sun (φ. ἡλίου: Dio Chrys. 57 [74], 20 fr. Eur., Hippol. 617; Ael. Aristid. 45, 29 K.=8 p. 95 D; ApcZeph; Just., D. 128, 4; τὸ φ. τοῦ ἡλίου Theoph. Ant. 1, 2 [p. 60, 16]) Rv 22:5b; of a wondrous star IEph 19:2ab. Of lamp-light (Jer 25:10; Jos., Ant. 12, 319) Lk 8:16; 11:33 (v.l. φέγγος); J 5:35 (in imagery); Rv 18:23; 22:5a. Light fr. a transcendent source (Ael. Aristid. 49, 46 K.=p. 500, 17 D. ἐγένετο φῶς παρὰ τῆς Ἴσιδος; Marinus, Vi. Procli 23: a halo of light around Proclus’ head moves the beholder to προσκύνησις): an angel Ac 12:7; 2 Cor 11:14 (here ἄγγελος φωτός [cp. 1QS 3:20] is a messenger of the world of light in contrast to Satan); of Paul’s conversion experience Ac 9:3; 22:6 (both w. ἐκ τοῦ οὐρανοῦ, as X., Cyr. 4, 2, 15; Dio Chrys. 11 [12], 29), 9, 11; 26:13 (οὐρανόθεν); the heavenly city Rv 21:24 (s. also bα below). ἐφάνη φῶς μέγα ἐν τῷ σπηλαίῳ a bright light appeared in the cave GJs 19:2, followed by φῶς ἐκεῖνο ὑπεστέλλετο that light faded out. ἦν τὸ ὄρος ἐκεῖνο διαφαίνων (pap=διαφαῖνον) αὐτῇ φ. that mountain was shining a light for her GJs 22:3.—In imagery: (εἰς φ. ἐλθεῖν=‘become apparent’ Hippol., Ref. 4, 28, 4) ἐν τῷ φωτί in the open, publicly (φ. of ‘the open’ X., Ages. 9, 1.—Opp. ἐν τῇ σκοτίᾳ) Mt 10:27; Lk 12:3 (Proverbia Aesopi 104 P.: ἅπερ ἐν νυκτὶ καλύπτεται, ταῦτα εἰς φῶς λαληθέντα … ‘what is hidden in the night gets talked about in the light’). Of an evil-doer it is said: μισεῖ τὸ φῶς καὶ οὐκ ἔρχεται πρὸς τὸ φῶς J 3:20 (cp. Eur., Iph. T. 1026 κλεπτῶν γὰρ ἡ νύξ, τῆς δʼ ἀληθείας τὸ φῶς=the night’s for thieves, the light’s for truth; Plut., Mor. 82b, Contra Volupt. in Stob., Anthol. 3, 6, 33 vol. III 299 H.; Philo, De Jos. 68, Spec. Leg. 1, 319–23; TestNapht 2:10).

ⓑ in a transcendent sense

α. the passages in the central portion of 1a above show that light is the element and sphere of the divine (Ael. Aristid. 28, 114 K.=49 p. 528 D.: τοῦ θεοῦ φῶς; SibOr 3, 787 ἀθάνατον φ.; Tat. 13, 2 λόγος … ἐστὶ τὸ τοῦ θεοῦ φ.—Iren. 1, 4, 1 [Harv. I 32, 1]). God is called φῶς οἰκῶν ἀπρόσιτον 1 Ti 6:16 (Plut., Pericl. 173 [39, 2] the gods dwell in τὸν τόπον ἀσάλευτον φωτὶ καθαρωτάτῳ περιλαμπόμενον, Mor. 567f: the divine φωνή proceeds fr. a φῶς μέγα that suddenly shines forth), or it is said that God dwells ἐν τῷ φωτί 1J 1:7b. In fact, God is described as light pure and simple ὁ θεὸς φῶς ἐστιν vs. 5 (Philo, Somn. 1, 75; cp. TestJob 4:1 εἶπεν τὸ φῶς; ParJer 6:12; Ath. 31, 3 πάντα δὲ φῶς αὐτὸν ὄντα.—OSchaefer, StKr 105, ’33, 467–76). Cp. Dg 9:6. Likew. the Divine Redeemer (ParJer 9:14 τὸ φῶς τῶν αἰώνων πάντων) in the Fourth Gospel: J 1:7–9 (FAuer, Wie ist J 1:9 zu verstehen?: ThGl 28, ’36, 397–407); 12:35ab, 36ab (for 1J 2:8 s. β; on divinity as light s. RCharles, The Book of Enoch 1912, 71f; GWetter, Phōs [ΦΩΣ] 1915. S. also MDibelius, Die Vorstellung v. göttl. Licht: Deutsche Literaturzeitung 36, 1915, 1469–83 and MNilsson, GGA 1916, 49ff; FDölger, Die Sonne der Gerechtigkeit 1918, Sol Salutis 1920; WBousset, Kyrios Christos 2, 1921, 173; 174, 2 and 3; HJonas, Gnosis u. spätantiker Geist I ’34; Dodd 133–36; 183–87 al.; EGoodenough, By Light, Light: The Mystic Gospel of Hellenistic Judaism ’35; RBultmann, Z. Gesch. der Lichtsymbolik im Altertum: Philol 97, ’48, 1–36; 1QH 4:6; 18:29; BGU 597, 33 [I A.D.]). Jesus calls himself τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου J 8:12a; 9:5; 12:46; cp. 3:19a (Mel., P. 103, 795; Wetter, ‘Ich bin das Licht der Welt’: Beiträge zur Religionswissenschaft I/2, 1914, 171ff), and is called τὸ φῶς τῶν ἀνθρώπων 1:4 (Ael. Aristid. 45, 33 K.=8 p. 97 D.: Sarapis as κοινὸν ἄπασιν ἀνθρώποις φῶς; hymn to Anubis fr. Kios [IAndrosIsis, p. 139] 7: Isis as φῶς πᾶσι βροτοῖσι). His very being is light and life (ζωή 2aβ; s. JWeisengoff, CBQ 8, ’46, 448–51) 1:4. Cp. also vs. 5; 3:19b, 21; Lk 2:32 (Jesus is a φῶς εἰς ἀποκάλυψιν ἐθνῶν).—FDölger, Lumen Christi: Ac V/1, ’35, 1–43. The martyr καθαρὸν φῶς λαμβάνει receives the pure light of heaven IRo 6:2.

β. light, that illuminates the spirit and soul of humans (OdeSol 11:19 μεταβληθέντες ἀπὸ σκότους εἰς τὸ φῶς; JosAs 15:13 ἀναγαγεῖν με εἰς τὸ φῶς; Mel., P. 68, 491 ῥυσάμενος … ἐκ σκότους εἰς φῶς; Philosoph. Max. 499, 39 σωφροσύνη … ψυχῆς φῶς ἐστιν), is gener. the element in which the redeemed person lives, rich in blessings without and within (En 5:6 σωτηρία, φῶς ἀγαθόν; vs. 8 φ. καὶ χάρις; PsSol 3:12 ἡ ζωὴ αὐτῶν ἐν φωτὶ κυρίου): τότε ῤαγήσεται πρώϊμον τὸ φῶς σου then your light will break out early in the morning B 3:4 (Is 58:8; s. πρόϊμος, end). Of God δεῖξαι αὐτῷ (God’s servant) φῶς 1 Cl 16:12 (Is 53:11); of Messianic salvation, the gospel, etc. (opp. σκοτία, σκότος) Mt 4:16ab; AcPl Ha 8, 32f (Is 9:1ab; cp. Lucian, Nigr. 4 ἔχαιρον ὥσπερ ἐκ ζοφεροῦ ἀέρος ἐς μέγα φῶς ἀναβλέπων ‘I rejoiced, looking up as it were from a gloomy atmosphere into a bright light’); Ac 26:18; Eph 5:13; Col 1:12; 1 Pt 2:9; 1 Cl 36:2; 59:2; 2 Cl 1:4. τὸ φῶς τῆς ζωῆς (cp. 1QS 3:7) J 8:12b. τὸ φῶς τὸ ἀληθινόν (ParJer 9:3 φ. ἀληθινόν; cp. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φ. Did., Gen. 87, 23f; Orig., C. Cels. 5, 13, 20; saying of Pythagoreans: WienerStud 8, 1886 p. 280 no. 118 in contrast to σκότος; cp. TestJob 43:6 ὁ τοῦ σκότους καὶ οὐχὶ τοῦ φωτός [of Elihu]) 1J 2:8, cp. J 1:9 (s. α above). φῶς καταγγέλλειν Ac 26:23. To be filled w. Christian truth means ἐν τῷ φωτὶ περιπατεῖν 1J 1:7a, εἶναι 2:9, μένειν vs. 10. Such persons are called υἱοὶ τοῦ φωτός Lk 16:8; J 12:36c (cp. 1QS 1:9 et passim); 1 Th 5:5; τέκνα φωτός Eph 5:8b (ESelwyn, 1 Pt ’46, 375–82; KKuhn, NTS 7, ’61, 339: 1QS 3:20; 5:9, 10); τέκνα φωτὸς ἀληθείας IPhld 2:1 (Porphyr., Ep. ad Marcellam 20 φῶς τοῦ θεοῦ τῆς ἀληθείας; Simplicius p. 88, 3; 138, 30 Düb. τὸ τῆς ἀληθείας φῶς). They put on τὰ ὅπλα τοῦ φωτός Ro 13:12, travel the ὁδὸς τοῦ φωτός B 18:1; 19:1, 12, and produce the καρπὸς τοῦ φωτός Eph 5:9. The rdg. τ̣ο̣ [φω]ς Ox 1081, 29 is better restored after the Coptic SJCh as τέλος (q.v. 1).

γ. bearers or bringers of this kind of light (φῶς of persons: Od. 16, 23; Anacr. 51 Diehl [32 Page; 124 Bergk] φάος Ἑλλήνων; Pind., I. 2, 17; Trag.; Biogr. p. 453 Hippocr. as ἀστήρ and φῶς of the healing art; TestJob 53:3 Job as φῶς τῶν τυφλῶν; SIG 1238, 2 [c. 160 A.D.] Φήγιλλα, τὸ φῶς τῆς οἰκίας) Is 49:6 φῶς ἐθνῶν is referred to Paul and Barnabas Ac 13:47, and to Christ B 14:8 (as Just., D. 65, 7); cp. 14:7 (Is 42:6) and cp. bα above. The Ἰουδαῖος considers himself a φῶς τῶν ἐν σκότει Ro 2:19. Jesus’ disciples are τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου Mt 5:14; cp. vs. 16.—On Is 49:6 s. HOrlinsky, The 75th Anniv. Vol. of the JQR ’67, 409–28.

δ. by metonymy, one who is illuminated or filled w. such light, or who stands in it Eph 5:8a (s. 1bβ above).—On the dualism of light and darkness, etc., s. Hebr. texts in the Dead Sea scrolls: KKuhn, ZTK 47, ’50, 192–211; WBrownlee, Excerpts fr. theTransl. of the Dead Sea Manual of Discipline: BASOR no. 121, ’51, 8–13; HPreisker, TLZ 77, ’52, 673–78; CHowie, The Cosmic Struggle: Int 8, ’54, 206–17.

② that which gives/bears light, torch, lamp, lantern, etc. (X., Hell. 5, 1, 8 φῶς ἔχειν; Musaeus vs. 224 of a λύχνος. Pl.: Plut., Ant. 927 [26, 6], Pelop. 284 [12, 3] al.; Lucian, Philops. 31) Ac 16:29. Fire, which furnishes both light and heat (X., Hell. 6, 2, 29; Cyr. 7, 5, 27; 1 Macc 12:29) Mk 14:54 (GBuchanan, ET 68, ’56, 27); Lk 22:56. Heavenly bodies (Manetho, Apotel. 6, 146 sun and moon δύο φῶτα; likew. Dio Chrys. 23 [40], 38; Ptolem., Apotel. 2, 13, 8; 3, 3, 3; 3, 5, 3 al. τὰ φ=constellations; Vett. Val. index II p. 384; PGM 13, 400; Ps 135:7; Jer 4:23): God is πατὴρ τῶν φώτων Js 1:17 (TestAbr B 7 p. 111, 11 [Stone p. 70] φῶς καλούμενον πατὴρ τοῦ φωτός; cp. ApcMos 36; 38); the sun as τὸ φῶς τοῦ κόσμου τούτου J 11:9 (Macrobius, Saturnal. 1, 23, 21 ἥλιε παντοκράτορ, … κόσμου φῶς; cp. Ps.-Demosth. 60, 24). Of the eye as an organ of light (Eur., Cycl. 633 φῶς Κύκλωπος; Ath. 32, 2) Mt 6:23; Lk 11:35.

③ that which is illuminated by light: πᾶν τὸ φανερούμενον φῶς ἐστιν everything that becomes visible is (= stands in the) light Eph 5:14.—CMugler, Dictionnaire historique de la terminologie optique des Grecs ’64.—B. 60. Cp. φέγγος; s. Schmidt, Syn. I 563–98. DELG s.v. φάε. Frisk s.v. φάος. New Docs 1, 98f. M-M. EDNT. TW. Spicq. Sv.

ὕδωρ, ατος, τό (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) water

① in a material sense, as an element Dg 8:2 (Ar. 5, 1f; Ath. 18, 3; s. στοιχεῖον 1). Of the ocean 1 Cl 33:3; pl. Hv 1, 3, 4 (cp. Ps 135:6, w. the sing. as v.l.; JosAs 12:3; Just., A I, 60, 6). The earth (before the Deluge) formed ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ διʼ ὕδατος 2 Pt 3:5 (cp. HDiels, Doxographi Graeci 1879 p. 276, 12 [Θαλῆς] ἐξ ὕδατός φησι πάντα εἶναι καὶ εἰς ὕδωρ πάντα ἀναλύεσθαι; JChaine, Cosmogonie aquatique et conflagration finale d’après 2 Pt: RB 46, ’37, 207–16. S. also Artem. 1, 77 p. 70, 6 al. ἐξ ὕδατος ἢ διʼ ὕδατος). Of the waters of the Deluge 1 Pt 3:20; 2 Pt 3:6. σίφων ὕδατος a water-pump Hm 11:18. κεράμιον ὕδατος a water jar (s. κεράμιον) Mk 14:13; Lk 22:10. ποτήριον ὕδατος (Just., A I, 65, 3; 66, 4; PGen 51, 9) a cup of water Mk 9:41. Water for washing Mt 27:24; Lk 7:44; J 13:5. Cp. Hs 9, 10, 3. Water fr. a well J 4:7 (TestAbr A 3 p. 79f [Stone p. 7f] ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τοῦ φρέατος); fr. a spring Js 3:12 (γλυκὺ ὕδωρ; s. γλυκύς, also Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 4 Jac.; ParJer 9:18; Just., D. 86, 1; Herm. Wr. 13, 17); of a stream Rv 16:12 (cp. ParJer 6:25 τοῦ ὕδατος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου; Just., D. 88, 3).—τὸ ὕδωρ specif.=the river Mt 3:16; Mk 1:10; =the pool J 5:3f, 7; =the lake Lk 8:24, pl. Mt 8:32; 14:28f; =the spring, etc. pl. Rv 8:11ab; cp. πηγαὶ (τῶν) ὑδάτων vs. 10; 14:7; 16:4 (Just. A I, 64, 1); =the mountain torrent pl. Hv 1, 1, 3; cp. GJs 18:3. Of waters gener., or not more exactly defined Mt 17:15. ὕδωρ τι Ac 8:36a. Cp. vs. 38f. Pl. Mk 9:22. ὕδατα πολλά (Ps 28:3) J 3:23; Rv 17:1; ὕδατα ταῦτα GJs 3:2. φωνὴ ὑδάτων πολλῶν the sound of many waters (Ps 92:4) Rv 1:15; 14:2; 19:6 (Mussies 82). χεόμενα ὕδατα water that is poured out Ox 840, 32f. γεμίσαι ὕδωρ draw water GJs 11:1 (cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 34 [Stone p. 6]).—After Num 15:16ff of trial by water ὕδωρ τῆς ἐλέγξεως GJs 16:1. W. bread as that which is necessary to maintain life Hs 5, 3, 7 (cp. Am 8:11; JosAs 10:2; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]); AcPl Ha 4, 4. In contrast to wine J 2:9 (ApcEsdr 4:27). W. blood J 19:34 (s. αἷμα 1a). Christ came διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος and ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6abc; cp. vs. 8 (s. διά A 1a, ἐν 5aβ and ἔρχομαι 1bα). Gener. of John’s baptism by water (alone), opp. πνεῦμα Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8; Lk 3:16; J 1:33 (26, 31); Ac 1:5; 11:16. Of Christian baptism, the new birth ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος J 3:5 (on the originality of the rdg. ὕδατος καί s. Hdb.³ ad loc.; Bultmann 98, 2; cp. Just., D. 138, 3 διʼ ὕδατος καὶ πίστεως καὶ ξύλου), 8 v.l. Cp. Ac 10:47 AcPl Ha 3, 32. καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι Eph 5:26. λελουσμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ Hb 10:22 (καθαρός 1). Even the OT points to the water of baptism B 11:1ab, 8ab, which Christ has consecrated by his own baptism IEph 18:2. The symbolic language of Hermas makes many allusions to the baptismal water: διʼ ὕδατος ἀναβαίνειν Hs 9, 16, 2. εἰς ὕδωρ καταβαίνειν m 4, 3, 1; Hs 9, 16, 6. The tower (=God’s assembly, church) is built ἐπὶ ὑδάτων Hv 3, 2, 4; 3, 3, 5ab, ὅτι ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν διὰ ὕδατος ἐσώθη καὶ σωθήσεται 3, 3, 5c. Acc. to D 7:1, when at all poss., ὕδωρ ζῶν running water (ζάω 4) is to be used in baptizing. Cp. 7:2.

② transcendent life-giving medium, water, fig. ext. of 1, with the transition marked by J 4:10f, where (τὸ) ὕδωρ (τὸ) ζῶν (cp. JosAs 14:12; 1QH 8:7 and CD 6:4 [s. also 3:16]) is partly spring water and partly a symbol of the benefits conferred by Jesus (OCullmann, ThZ 4, ’48, 367f.—For the imagery cp. Sir 15:3.—Cp. 1QH 8:4). Cp. 7:38; 4:14abc (cp. Sir 24:21); IRo 7:2 (cp. OdeSol 11:6; Anacreontea 12, 7 p. 9 Preisendanz λάλον ὕδωρ). ὕδωρ (τῆς) ζωῆς water of life (s. Hdb. exc. on J 4:14; REisler, Orphisch-dionys. Mysteriengedanken in der christl. Antike: Vorträge der Bibl. Warburg II/2, 1925, 139ff; Herm. Wr. 1, 29 ἐτράφησαν ἐκ τοῦ ἀμβροσίου ὕδατος) Rv 21:6 (the award granted a conquering hero; cp. Pind., I. 6, 74); 22:1, 17. βεβάμμεθα ἐν ὕδασι ζωῆς Ox 840, 43f. ζωῆς πηγαὶ ὑδάτων springs of living water Rv 7:17.—SEitrem, Opferritus u. Voropfer der Griechen u. Römer 1915, 78ff, Beiträge z. griech. Religionsgesch. III 1920, 1ff; MNinck, Die Bed. des Wassers im Kult u. Leben der Alten 1921; AKing, Holy Water: A Short Account of the Use of Water for Ceremonial and Purificatory Purposes in Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Times 1926; TCanaan, Water and the ‘Water of Life’ in Palest. Superstition: JPOS 9, 1929, 57–69.—B. 35; BHHW III 2138–41 (lit.).—DELG. M-M. TW.

1) Geology: bergmehl, bergneal, diatomaceous earth, infusorial earth, infusorial silica, kieselguhr, kieselgur, rock-flour, silicic marl, silicious marl, stiff clay, white stone marl (отложение кремнезёма в виде порошка)

2) Engineering: mountain meal, rock flour

3) Construction: floury soil (тонкозернистый грунт, порошкообразный в сухом состоянии и похожий на глину при смачивании водой)

4) Mining: berg-meal

5) Oil: bergmeal, fossil meal

1) Botanical term: cedar elfin wood, Japanese stone pine (http://www.msue.msu.edu/imp/modzz/00002011.html), Pinus pumila, Siberian dwarf pine, dwarf pine

2) Forestry: dwarf Siberian pine (Pinus pumila), mountain pine (Pinus pumila)

3) Gold mining: Siberian dwarf-pine, dwarf-pine

1) General subject: rag

2) Geology: mountain limestone

3) Mining: Kentish rag, rag stone

4) Oil: hard limestone

5) Drilling: ragstone

1) General subject: lazuli

2) Geology: lapis-lazuli, lasurite, lazulite, mountain blue

3) Mineralogy: blue spar, lapis lazuli

4) Metallurgy: azure stone, blue zeolite

5) Silicates: lazurite

6) Makarov: ultramarine

1) General subject: bergmeal

2) Geology: bergmehl, diatomaceous soil, diatomite, rotten-stone, rottenstone (землистый продукт распада кремнистого известняка), tripolith

3) Latin: terra cariosa

4) Mineralogy: tripolite

5) Engineering: tripoli, tripoli earth, tripoli powder

6) Agriculture: kizelgur

7) Chemistry: terra silicea

8) Construction: fossil meal, mountain meal

9) Mining: berg-meal

10) Metallurgy: tripoli powder (полировальный порошок)

11) Oil: Drilltex, guhr

12) Drilling: kieselguhr

13) Polymers: diatomaceous earth, diatomit, infusorial earth

14) Makarov: tripoli (1. рыхлая кремнистая осадочная порода; 2. не полностью замещённый кремнезёмом известняк; 3. порода, состоящая из рыхлого кремнезёма)

15) Electrochemistry: rottenstone (абразив)

Var.: Выше носа плюнешь - себя заплюёшь. Кверху плевать - свою бороду заплевать

thine eye (Br.). The man who flings a stone up a mountain may have it rolled back upon himself (Am.). Who spits against the heaven (the wind), it falls in his face (Br.). Who spits against the wind spits in his own face (Am.)

कु ind. A prefix implying 'badness', 'deterioration', 'depreciation', 'sin', 'reproach', 'littleness', 'want', 'deficiency', &c. Its various substitutes are कद् (कदश्व), कव (कवोष्ण), का (कोष्ण), किं (किंप्रभुः); cf. Pt.5.17.

-Comp. -कर्मन् n. a bad deed, a mean act. -a. wicked, Bhāg.1.16.22.

-कु-वाच् m. jackal.

-कूलम् A hole filled with stakes. ˚लः A fire made of chaff; कुकूलं शङ्कुभिः कीर्णे श्वभ्रे ना तु तुषानले Nm.

-ग्रहः an unpropitious planet.

-ग्रामः a petty village or hamlet (without a king's officer, an agnihotrin, a physician, or a river.)

-चन्दनम् Red sandal-wood.

-चर a. of bad conduct, a thief; दृष्ट्वा त्वादित्यमुद्यन्तं कुचराणां भयं भवेत् Mb.14.39.13.

-चेल a. wearing bad or ragged garments; कपालं वृक्ष- मूलानि कुचेलमसहायता । समता चैव सर्वस्मिन्नेतन्मुक्तस्य लक्षणम् ॥ Ms.6.44.

-चरित्रम्, -चर्या wickedness, evil conduct, impropriety; Ms.9.17.

-चोद्यम् an unsuitable ques- tion.

-जन्मन् a. low born.

-तनु a. deformed, ugly. (

-नुः) an epithet of Kubera.

-तन्त्री a bad lute.

-तपः 1 a sort of blanket (made of the hair of the mountain goat).

-2 the eighth Muhūrta or portion of the day.

-3 a daughter's or sister's son.

-4 the sun.

-तर्कः 1 sophistical or fallacious argument.

-2 a heterodox doc- trine, free thinking; कुतर्केष्वभ्यासः सततपरपैशुन्यमननम् G. L.31. ˚पथः a sophistical mode of arguing.

-तीर्थम् a bad teacher.

-दिनम् an evil or unpropitious day.

-दृष्टिः f.

1 weak sight.

-2 an evil eye, sinister eye (fig.).

-3 an opinion or doctrine opposed to the Vedas, heterodox doctrines; या वेदबाह्याः स्मृतयो याश्च काश्च कुदृष्टयः Ms.12.95.

-देशः 1 a bad place or country.

-2 a country where the necessaries of life are not available or which is subject to oppression.

-देह a. ugly, defor- med; कुदेहमानाहिविदष्टदृष्टेर्ब्रह्मन्वचस्ते$मृतमौषधं मे Bhāg.5.12.2. (

-हः) an epithet of Kubera.

-द्वारम् back door.

-धी a. foolish, silly, stupid.

-2 wicked.

-नखम् a disease of the nails; Mb.3.

-नटः 1 a bad actor.

-2 a sort of trumpet flower.

-3 red arsenic.

-नदिका a small river, rill; सुपूरा स्यात्कुनदिका Pt.1.25.

-नाथः a bad master; हतास्म्यहं कुनाथेन न पुंसा वीरमानिना Bhāg.9.14.28.

-नामन् m. a miser.

-नीतः bad counsel, leading; तृणैश्छन्ना भूमिर्मतिरिव कुनीतैव विदुषः Mu.6.11.

-पटः, -टम् a miser- able garment; कुपटावृतकटिः Bhāg.5.9.1.

-पथः 1 a wrong road, bad way (fig. also).

-2 a heterodox doctrine.

-पथ्य a. unwholesome, improper.

-परीक्षक a. examining badly, not valuing rightly; कुत्स्याः स्युः कुपरीक्षका न मणयो यैरर्घतः पातिताः Bh.2.15.

-पात्रम् an unfit recipient.

-पुत्रः a bad or wicked son: यादृशं फल- माप्नोति कुप्लवैः संतरन् जलम् । तादृशं फलमाप्नोति कुपुत्रैः संतरंस्तमः ॥ Ms.9.161. कुपुत्रो जायेत क्वचिदपि कुमाता न भवति, देव्यपराध- क्षमापनस्तोत्र (ascribed to a later शङ्कराचार्य).

-पुरुषः 1 a low or wicked man.

-2 a spiritless coward.

-पूय a. low, vile, contemptible.

-प्रिय a. disagreeable, contem- ptible, low, mean.

-प्लवः a bad boat; कुप्लवैः संतरन् जलम् Ms.9.161.

-बन्धः a disgraceful stigma; अन्त्याभिगमने त्वङ्क्यः कुबन्धेन प्रवासयेत् Y.2.294.

-ब्रह्मः, -ब्रह्मन् m. a bad or degraded Brāhmaṇa.

-मन्त्रः 1 bad advice.

-2 a charm used to secure success in a bad cause.

-मुद्विन् a. Un- friendly; उदहृष्यन्वारिजानि सूर्योत्थाने कुमुद्विना । राज्ञा तु निर्भया लोकाः Bhāg.1.21.47.

-मेरुः The southern hemisphere or pole.

-योगः an inauspicious conjunction (of planets).

-योगिन् m. a false devotee, impostor.

-रस a. having bad juice or flavour. (

-सः) a kind of spirituous liquor.

-रूप a. ugly, deformed; कुपुत्रो$पि भवेत्पुंसां हृदयानन्दकारकः । दुर्विनीतः कुरूपो$पि मूर्खो$पि व्यसनी खलः ॥ Pt.5.19.

-रूप्यम् tin.

-लक्षण a. having fatal marks on the body. कुलक्षणेत्यहं राज्ञा त्यक्तेत्यात्तविमानना Ks.91.19.

-वङ्गः lead.

-वचस्, -वाच्, -वाक्य a. abusive, bad, scurrilous; using abusive or foul language; संस्मारितो मर्मभिदः कुवाग्रिपून् Bhāg.4.3.15. (-n.) abuse, bad language.

-वज्रकम् crystal; a stone resembling a diamond.

-वर्षः a sudden or violent shower; Rām.6.

-विक्रमः bravery exhibited in a wrong place; धिगीदृशं ते नृपते कुविक्रमं कृपाश्रये यः कृपणे पतत्त्रिणि N.1.132.

-विवाहः a degraded or improper form of marriage; Ms.3.63.

-वृत्तिः f. bad bebaviour.

-वेधस् m. bad fate; हृतरत्नेन मुषितो दत्त्वा काचं कुवेधसा Ks. 71.232.

-वैद्यः a bad physician, quack.

-शील a. rude, wicked, unmannerly, ill tempered, of bad character; कुतो गम्यमगम्यं वा कुशीलोन्मादिनः प्रभोः Ks.32.152.

-ष्ठलम् 1 a bad place.

-2 the earth; शयानां कुष्ठले Bk.9.84.

-सरित् f. a small river, rill; उच्छिद्यन्ते क्रियाः सर्वा ग्रीष्मे कुसरितो यथा Pt.2.89.

-सृतिः f.

1 evil conduct, wicked- ness; कस्माद्वयं कुसृतयः खलयोनयस्ते Bhāg.8.23.7.

-2 conjuring, magic.

-3 roguery.

-स्त्री a bad woman.

कु I. 1 P. (कवते) To sound. -II. 6 Ā. (कुवते)

1 To moan, groan.

-2 To cry. -III. 2 P. (कौति) To hum, coo (as a bee.)...कुवत्पक्षिकुलाकुलाः Bk.9.1.

कुलम् 1 A race, family; निदानमिक्ष्वाकुकुलस्य संततेः R.3.1.

-2 The residence of a family, a seat, house, an abode; ददर्श धीमान्स कपिः कुलानि Rām.5.5.1; वसन्नृषि- कुलेषु सः R.12.25.

-3 A high or noble family, noble descent; कुले जन्म Pt.5.2; कुलशीलसमन्वितः Ms.7.54,62; so कुलजा, कुलकन्यका &c.

-4 A herd, troop, flock; collec- tion, multitude; मृगकुलं रोमन्थमभ्यस्यतु Ś.2.6; U.2.9; अलिकुलसंकुल Gīt.1; Śi.9.71; so गो˚, कृमि˚, महिषी˚ &c.

-5 A lot, gang. band (in a bad sense).

-6 A country.

-7 The body.

-8 The front or fore part.

-9 A tribe, caste, community.

-1 A blue stone.

-लः The head of a guild or corporation.

-ला See कुलतिथि.

-Comp. -अकुल a.

1 of a mixed character or origin.

-2 middling. ˚तिथिः m., f. the second, sixth, and the tenth lunar days of a fort-night in a month. ˚नक्षत्रम् N. of the lunar mansions आर्द्रा, मूला, अभिजित् and शतभिषा. ˚वारः Wednes- day.

-अङ्कुरः the scion of a family; अनेन कस्यापि कुला- ङ्कुरेण स्पृष्टस्य गात्रेषु सुखं ममैवम् Ś.7.19.

-अङ्गना a respect- able or high born (chaste) woman.

-अङ्गारः a man who ruins his family; Pt.4.

-अचलः, -अद्रिः, -पर्वतः, -शैलः a principal mountain, one of a class of seven mountains which are supposed to exist in each division of the continent; their names are:-- महेन्द्रो मलयः सह्यः शुक्तिमान् ऋक्षपर्वतः । विन्ध्यश्च पारियात्रश्च सप्तैते कुलपर्वताः ॥

-अन्वित a. born in a noble family.

-अभिमानः family pride.

-अभिमानिन् a. proud of birth or family descent; कुलाभिमानी कुलजां नराधिपः Ki.1.31.

-आख्या family-name, surname; कुलाख्या लोके गोत्रावयवा इत्युच्यन्ते Mbh. on P.IV. 1.79.

-आचारः, -कर्मन् n.,

-धर्मः a duty or custom peculiar to a family or caste.

-आचार्यः, -गुरुः 1 a family priest or teacher.

-2 a geneologist.

-आधारकः a son.

-आपीडः, -शेखरः the glory of a family; तस्मिन्कुलापीडनिभे निपीडं सम्यग्महीं शासति शासनाङ्काम् R.18. 29.

-आलम्बिन् a. maintaining a family. वरमेकः कुलालम्बी यत्र विश्रूयते पिता H.

-ईश्वरः 1 the chief of a family.

-2 N. of Śiva. (

-रा) N. of Durgā.

-उत्कट, a. high born. (

-टः) a horse of a good breed.

-उत्पन्न, उद्गत, -उद्भव a. sprung from a noble family, high- born; आमात्यमुख्यं धर्मज्ञं प्राज्ञं दान्तं कुलोद्भवम् Ms.7.141.

-उद्वहः the head or perpetuator of a family; see उद्वह.

-उपदेशः a family name.

-कज्जलः one who is a dis- grace to his family.

-कण्टकः one who is a thorn or trouble to his family.

-कन्यका, -कन्या a girl of high birth; विशुद्धमुग्धः कुलकन्यकाजनः Māl.7.1; गृहे गृहे पुरुषाः कुलकन्यकाः समुद्वहन्ति Māl.7.

-करः, -कर्तृ m. the founder of a family.

-करणिः A hereditary clerk or officer; E.I.XV.91.

-कलङ्कः one who is a disgrace to his family.

-कलङ्कितः a. causing disgrace to a family; न चाप्यहं गमिष्यामि कथां कुलकलङ्किताम् Ks.22.216.

-क्षयः 1 ruin of a family.

-2 extinction of a family; कुलक्षयकृतं दोषं मित्रद्रोहे च पातकम् Bg.1.39,4.

-गरिमा m. family pride or dignity.

-गिरिः, -भूभृत् m.,

-पर्वतः, -शैलः see कुलाचल above.

-गृहम् a noble house; पर्याकुलं कुलगृहे$पि कृतं वधूनाम् Ṛs.6.21.

-घ्न a. ruining a family; दोषैरेतैः कुलघ्नानाम् Bg.1.43.

-ज, -जात a.

1 well-born, of high brith; प्रदाने हि मुनिश्रेष्ठ कुलं निरवशेषतः । वक्तव्यं कुलजातेन तन्नि- बोध महामते ॥ Rām.1.71.2.

-2 ancestral, hereditary; Ki.1.31 (used in both senses).

-जनः a high-born or distinguished person.

-जाया a. high-born lady; कुलजाया सा जाया केवलजाया तु केवलं माया Udb.

-तन्तुः one who continues or perpetuates a family.

-तिथिः m., f. an important lunar day, viz:-- the 4th, 8th, 12th or 14th of a lunar fort-night.

-तिलकः the glory of a family, one who does honour to his family.

-दीपः, -दीपकः the glory of a family.

-दुहितृ f. also कुलपुत्री; cf. P.VI. 3.7, Vārt.9; see कुलकन्या.

-दूषण a. disgracing one's family; Mk.

-देवता a tutelary deity; the guardian deity of a family; तामर्चिताभ्यः कुलदेवताभ्यः कुलप्रतिष्ठां प्रणमय्य माता Ku.7.27.

-धन a. one whose wealth is the preserva- tion of the good name of the family; कष्टो जनः कुलधनैरनुर- ञ्जनीयः U.1.14. (

-नम्) the dearest and most valued treasure of the family; इक्ष्वाकूणां कुलधनमिदं यत्समाराधनीयः U.7.6.

-धर्मः a family custom, a duty or custom peculiar to a family; उत्सन्नकुलधर्माणां मनुष्याणां जनार्दन Bg. 1.44; Ms.1.118;8.14.

-धारकः a son.

-धुर्यः (a son) able to support a family, a grown-up son; न हि सति कुलधुर्ये सूर्यवंश्या गृहाय R.7.71.

-नन्दन a. gladdening or doing honour to a family.

-नायिका a girl worshipped at the celebration of the orgies of the left- hand Śāktas.

-नारी a high bred and virtuous woman.

-नाशः 1 ruin or extinction of a family.

-2 an apost- ate, reprobate, outcast.

-3 a camel.

-नाशनम् condu- cive to the extinction of the family; मुसलं कुलनाशनम् Mb.

-परंपरा the series of generations comprising a race.

-पतिः 1 the head or chief of a family.

-2 a sage who feeds and teaches 1, pupils; thus defined:- मुनीनां दशसाहस्रं यो$न्नदानादिपोषणात् । अध्यापयति विप्रर्षिरसौ कुलपतिः स्मृतः ॥ अपि नाम कुलपतेरियमसवर्णक्षेत्रसंभवा स्यात् Ś.1; R.1.95; U.3.48.

-3 The head-servant (Gīrvāṇa); Bhāg.5.18.1.

-4 N. of Kṛiṣṇa; कुन्दस्रजः कुलपतेरिह वाति गन्धः Bhāg.1.3.11.

-पांसन a. one who dis- graces one's family; इत्युक्तः स खलः पापो भोजानां कुलपांसनः Bhāg.19.1.35.

-पांसुका a woman disgracing her family, an unchaste woman.

-पालकम् an orange.

-पालिः, -पालिका, -पाली f. a chaste or high-born woman.

-पुत्रः a nobly-born youth; इह सर्वस्वफलिनः कुलपुत्रमहाद्रुमाः Mk.4.1.

-पुत्री (See

-दुहितृ).

-पुरुषः 1 a respectable or high-born man; कुश्चुम्बति कुलपुरुषो वेश्याधरपल्लवं मनोज्ञमपि Bh.1.59.

-2 an ancestor.

-पूर्वगः (कः) an ancestor. तवापि सुमहाभागे जनेन्द्रकुलपूर्वकम् (v. l. जनेन्द्राः कुलपूर्वगाः) Rām.2.73.24.

-भरः (कुलंभरः)

1 One who maintains the family.

-बीजः the head or chief of a guild.

-भार्या a virtuous wife.

-भृत्या the nursing of a pregnant woman.

-मर्यादा family honour or respectability.

-मार्गः 1 a family custom, the best way or the way of honesty.

-2 the doctrine of the Kaulas (कौलमार्ग).

-योषित्, -वधू f. a woman of good family and character. त्यागिनां कुलयोषिताम् Ms.3.245; ब्रूते ब्रूते व्रजकुलवधूः कापि साध्वी ममाग्रे Udb.

-लक्षणम् The characteristics of a noble family; आचारो विनयो विद्या प्रतिष्ठा तीर्थदर्शनम् । निष्ठा वृत्तिस्तपो दानं नवधा कुललक्षणम् ॥

-वारः a principal day; (i. e. Tuesday and Friday).

-विद्या 1 knowledge handed down in a family, traditional knowledge.

-2 one of the three आन्वीक्षिकी lores.

-विप्रः a family-priest.

-वृद्धः an old and experienced member of a family.

-व्रतः, -तम् a family vow; गलितवयसामिक्ष्वाकूणामिदं हि कुलव्रतम् R.3.7; विश्वस्मिन्नधुना$न्यः कुलव्रतं पालयिष्यति कः Bv.1.13.

-शीलम् character or conduct honourable to a family.

-श्रेष्ठिन् a. well-born, of a good family. (-m.)

1 the chief of a family or a guild.

-2 an artisan of noble birth.

-संख्या 1 family-respectability.

-2 inclusion among respectable families; कुलसंख्यां च गच्छन्ति कर्षन्ति च महायशः Ms.3.66.

-संततिः f. posterity, descendants, continuation of a lineage; दिवं गतानि विप्राणामकृत्वा कुलसंततिम् Ms.5.159.

-सन्निधिः m. the presence of witnesses; Ms.8.194,21.

-संभवः a. of a respectable family.

-सेवकः an excel- lent servant.

-स्त्री a woman of good family, a noble woman; अधर्माभिभवात् कृष्ण प्रदुष्यन्ति कुलस्त्रियः Bg.1.41.

-स्थितिः f.

1 antiquity or prosperity of a family

-2 family observance or custom; U.5.23.

ग्रावन् a. Hard, solid. -m.

1 A stone or rock; किं हि नामैतदम्बुनि मज्जन्त्यलाबूनि ग्रावाणः संप्लवन्त इति Mv.1; अपि ग्रावा रोदित्यपि दलति वज्रस्य हृदयम् U.1.28; Śi.4.23.

-2 A mountain.

-3 A cloud.

नील a. (

ला -ली f.; the former in relation to clothes &c., the latter in relation to animals, plants &c.)

1 Blue, dark-blue; नीलस्निग्धः श्रयति शिखरं नूतनस्तोयवाहः U.1.33.

-2 Dyed with indigo.

-लः 1 the dark-blue or black colour.

-2 Sapphire.

-3 The Indian fig-tree.

-4 N. of a monkey-chief in the army of Rāma.

-5 'The blue mountain', N. of one of the principal ranges of mountains.

-6 A kind of bird, the blue Mainā.

-7 An ox of a dark-blue colour.

-8 One of the nine treasures of Kubera; see नवनिधि.

-9 A mark.

-1 An auspicious sound or proclamation.

-ला 1 The indigo plant.

-2 A Rāgiṇī.

-ले f. (du.)

1 The two arteries in front of the neck.

-2 A black and blue mark on the skin; (for other senses see नीली.)

-लम् 1 Black-salt.

-2 Blue vitriol.

-3 Antimony.

-4 Poison.

-5 Indigo, in- digo dye.

-6 Darkness.

-Comp. -अक्षः 1 a goose.

-अङ्गः the Sārasa bird.

-अञ्जनम् 1 antimony.

-2 blue vitriol.

-अञ्जना, -अञ्जसा lightning.

-अब्जम्, -अम्बुजम्, -अम्बु- जन्मन् n. the blue lotus.

-अभ्रः a dark-cloud.

-अम्बर a. dressed in dark-blue clothes.

(-रः) 1 a demon, goblin.

-2 the planet Saturn.

-3 an epithet of Balarāma.

-अरुणः early dawn, the first dawn of day.

-अश्मन् m. a sapphire.

-उल्पलम् a blue lotus; ध्रुवं स नीलोत्पलपत्रधारया समिल्लतां छेत्तुमृषिर्व्यवस्यति Ś.1.18.

-उपलः the blue stone, lapis lazuli

-कण्ठः 1 a peackock; केकाभिर्निलकण्ठस्तिर- यति वचनम् Māl.9.3; Me.81; कस्त्वं, शृली, मृगय भिषजं, नीलकण्ठः प्रिये$हम् Subhāṣ.

-2 an epithet of Śiva.

-3 a kind of gallinule.

-4 a blue-necked jay.

-5 a wag-tail

-6 a sparrow.

-7 a bee. (

-ठम्) a radish. ˚अक्ष = रुद्राक्ष q. v.

-केशी the indigo plant.

-ग्रीवः an epithet of Śiva.

-छदः 1 the date-tree.

-2 an epithet of Garuḍa.

-जम् blue steel.

-जा N. of the river Vitastā.

-तरु the cocoanut tree.

-तालः, -ध्वजः the Tamāla tree.

-पङ्कः, -पङ्कम् darkness.

-पटलम् 1 a dark mass, a black coating or covering.

-2 a dark film over the eye of a blind man; Pt.5.

-पत्रः the pomegranate tree.

(-त्रम्), -पद्मम् the blue water-lily.

-पिच्छः a falcon.

-पिटः a collection of annals and royal edicts; Buddh.

-पुष्पिका 1 the indigo plant.

-2 linseed.

-फला the egg-plant (Mar. वांगें).

-भः 1 the moon.

-2 a cloud.

-3 a bee.

-मणिः, -रत्नम् 1 the sapphire; नेपथ्योचित- नीलरत्नम् Gīt.5; Bv.2.42.

-2 an epithet of Kṛiṣṇa; also नीलमाधवः.

-मीलिकः a fire-fly.

-मृत्तिका 1 iron pyrites.

-2 black earth.

-राजिः f. a line of darkness, dark mass, thick darkness; निशाशशाङ्कक्षतनीलराजयः Ṛs. 1.2.

-लोहित a. dark-blue, purple. (

-तः) 1 a purple colour.

-2 an epithet of Śiva; ममापि च क्षपयतु नीललोहितः पुनर्भवं परिगतशक्तिरात्मभूः Ś.7.35; Ku.2.57.

-वर्ण a. dark-blue, bluish. (

-र्णम्) a radish.

-वसन, -वासस् a. dressed in dark-blue clothes; see नीलाम्बर.

-वसनः the planet Saturn.

-वृन्तकम् cotton.

-स्नेहः (= दृढस्नेहः) Intense love. (नीलो नीलीरागः तत्सदृशः स्नेहः । नीलीरागः स्थिरप्रेमा इति यादवः) गृहं विक्रयकाले$पि नीलस्नेहेन रक्षति Chārudatta 3.12.

प्रालेयम् Snow, frost, hoar frost, dew; ईशाचलं प्रालेय- प्लवनेच्छया Gīt.1; प्रालेयशीतमचलेश्वरमीश्वरो$पि (अधिशेते) Śi.4.64; Me.41; Ki.11.4; Ve.2.7; Bhāg.1.65.22.

-Comp. -अद्रिः, -भूधरः, -शैलः 'the snowy mountain', the Himālaya; Me.59.

-अंशुः, -करः, -रश्मिः 1 the moon.

-2 camphor.

-लेशः a hail-stone.

रविः [cf. Uṇ.4.15]

1 The sun; सहस्रगुणमुत्स्रष्टुमादत्ते हि रसं रविः R.1.18.

-2 A mountain.

-3 The Arka plant.

-4 The number 'twelve'.

-Comp. -इष्टः an orange.

-कान्तः, ग्रावन् the sun-stone (सूर्यकान्त).

-चक्रम् a particular astronomical diagram.

-जः, -तनयः, -पुत्रः, -सूनुः 1 the planet Saturn.

-2 epithets of Karṇa; रवितनयो$भ्यहनच्छिनिप्रवीरम् Mb.8.3.9.

-3 of Vāli.

-4 of Manu Vaivasvata.

-5 of Yama.

-6 of Sugrīva.

-दिनम्, -वारः, -वासरः, -रम् Sunday.

-दीप्त a. lighted by the sun.

-ध्वजः day.

-नेत्रः N. of Viṣṇu.

-प्रियम् 1 a red lotus flower.

-2 copper.

-बिम्बः the sun's disk.

-मासकः a solar month.

-रत्नम् a ruby.

-लोचनः N. of

1 Viṣṇu.

-2 Śiva.

-लोहम्, -संज्ञकम् copper.

-वंशः the solar race (of kings).

-संक्रान्तिः f. the sun's entrance into any zodiacal sign.

-सारथिः 1 N. of Aruṇa.

-2 the dawn.

शतम् 1 A hundred; निःस्वो वष्टि शतम् Śānti.2.6; शतमेको$पि संधत्ते प्राकारस्थो धनुर्धरः Pt.1.229; (शत is used in the singular with a plural noun of any gender; शतं नराः; शतं गावः; or शतं गृहाणि, in which case it is treated as a numeral adjective; but sometimes in dual and plural also; द्वे शते, दश शतानि &c. It is also used with a noun in the genitive; गवां शतम्, वर्षाणां शतम् 'a century of cows, years' &c. At the end of comp., it may remain unchan- ged; भव भर्ता शरच्छतम् or may be changed into शती; as in आर्यासप्तशती a work of Govardhanāchārya.).

-2 Any large number; as in शतपत्र q. v.

-Comp. -अक्षी 1 night.

-2 the goddess Durgā.

-अङ्गः 1 a car, carriage; especially, a war chariot.

-2 N. of a tree (तिनिश).

-अनीकः 1 an old man.

-2 an army officer possessing a hundred footmen; (शतानां तु शतानीकः Śukra.2.14.

-अब्दम् a century.

-अरम्, -आरम् the thunderbolt of Indra.

-अरुस् n.,

-अरुषी a leprous disease of the skin.

-अवरः a fine of a hundred.

-(री) 1 N. of a plant.

-2 N. of the wife of Indra.

-आनकम् a cemetery.

-आनन्दः 1 N. of Brahman.

-2 of Viṣṇu or Kṛiṣṇa.

-3 of the car of Viṣṇu.

-4 of a son of Gau- tama and Ahalyā, the family-priest of Janaka; गौतमश्च शतानन्दो जनकानां पुरोहिताः U.1.16.

-आयुस् a. lasting or living for a hundred years.

-आवर्तः, -आवर्तिन् m. N. of Viṣṇu.

-ईशः 1 the ruler of a hundred.

-2 the ruler of a hundred villages; Ms.7.115.

-कर्मन् the planet Saturn.

-कुम्भः 1 N. of a mountain (where gold is said to be found).

-2 N. of a sacrifice; शतकुम्भं नाम यज्ञ- मनुभवितुं महर्षेर्धौम्यस्य आश्रमं गता इति Madhyamavyāyoga 1. (

-म्भम्) gold.

-कृत्वस् ind. a hundred times.

-कोटि a. hundred-edged. (

-टिः) Indra's thunderbolt; कराग्रजाग्र- च्छतकोटिः N.7.79. (-f.) a hundred crores; चरितं रघु- नाथस्य शतकोटिप्रविस्तरम् Rāma-rakṣā 1.

-क्रतुः an epithet of Indra; अपूर्णमेकेन शतक्रतूपमः शतं क्रतूनामपविघ्नमाप सः R.3.38.

-खण्डम् gold.

-गु a. possessed of a hundred cows.

-गुण, -गुणित a. a hundred-fold, increased a hundred times; अनुपनतमनोरथस्य पूर्वं शतगुणितेव गता मम त्रियामा V.3.22.

-ग्रन्थिः f. the Dūrvā grass.

-घ्नः N. of Śiva.

-घ्नी 1 a kind of weapon used as a missile (supposed by some to be a sort of rocket, but described by others as a huge stone studded with iron spikes and four tālas in length; शतघ्नी च चतुस्ताला लोहकण्टकसंचिता; or अथकण्टकसंच्छक शतघ्नी महती शिला); अयःशङ्कुचितां रक्षः शतघ्नीमथ शत्रवे (अक्षिपत्) R.12.95; Bhāg.9.15.3.

-2 a female scorpion.

-3 a disease of the throat.

-4 N. of a plant (करञ्ज).

-चन्द्रः a sword or shield adorned with a hundred moons (moon-like spots); ततः शरशतेनास्य शतचन्द्रं समाक्षिपत्त् Mb.7. 97.29. ˚वर्त्मन् a manner of brandishing the sword; तं श्येनवेगं शतचन्द्रवर्त्मभिश्चरन्तमच्छिद्रमुपर्यधो हरिः Bhāg.8.7.28.

-चरणा a centipede.

-छदः a kind of wood-pecker.

-जिह्वः an epithet of Śiva.

-तारका, -भिषज्, -भिषा f. N. of the 24th lunar mansion containing one hundred stars.

-दलम् a lotus-flower.

-दला the white rose.

-द्रुः f.

1 N. of a river in the Punjab now called Sutlej.

-2 N. of the Ganges.

-धामन् m. an epithet of Viṣṇu.

-धार a.

1 flowing in a hundred streams.

-2 having a hundred edges. (

-रम्) the thunderbolt of Indra.

-धृतिः 1 an epithet of Indra.

-2 of Brahman; गते शत- धृतौ क्षत्तः कर्दमस्तेन चोदितः Bhāg.3.24.21.

-3 heaven or Svarga.

-धौत a. perfectly clean.

-पत्रः 1 a peacock.

-2 the (Indian) crane.

-3 a wood-pecker.

-4 a par- rot or a species of it. (

-त्रा) a woman. (

-त्रम्) a lotus; आवृत्तवृन्तशतपत्रनिभम् (आननं) वहन्त्या Māl.1.22. ˚योनि an epithet of Brahman; कम्पेन मूर्ध्नः शतपत्रयोनिं (संभावयामास) Ku.7.46.

-पत्रकः the wood-pecker.

-पत्री, -पत्रिकः the white rose.

-पथब्राह्मणम् N. of a well-known Brāhma- ṇa attached to the Śukla Yajurveda; कृत्स्नं शतपथं चैव प्रणेष्यसि द्विजर्षभ Mb.12.318.11.

-पद्, -पाद् a. having a hundred feet.

-पदी, -पाद् f. a centipede.

-पद्मम् 1 a lotus with a hundred petals.

-2 the white lotus.

-पर्वन् -m. a bamboo. (f.)

1 the full-moon day in the month of Āśvina.

-2 Dūrvā grass.

-3 the plant Kaṭukā.

-4 orris root.

-5 the wife of Bhārgava or Śukra. ˚ईशः the planet Venus.

-पर्विका 1 Dūrvā grass.

-2 orris root.

-3 barley.

-पाक a. boiled a hundred times.

-पाकम् a particular unguent; शतपाकेन तैलेन महार्हेणोपतस्थतुः Mb. 13.53.9.

-पादः, -पाद् m.,

-पादी, -पादिका a centipede.

-पालः an overseer (of a hundred villages).

-पुष्पः epithet of the poet Bhāravi.

-पुष्पा, -प्रसूना Anethum Sowa (Mar. शोपा).

-पोना a sieve.

-प्रासः the Kara- vīra tree.

-फलिन् m. a bamboo.

-भिषज् see ˚तारका.

-भीरुः f. the Arabian jasmine.

-मखः, -मन्युः 1 epithets of Indra; प्रसहेत रणे तवानुजान् द्विषतां कः शतमन्युतेजसः Ki. 2.23; Bk.1.5; शतमखमुपतस्थे प्राञ्जलिः पुष्पधन्वा Ku.2. 64; R.9.13.

-2 an owl.

-मयूखः the moon.

-मानः, -नम् 1 a Pala of silver; धरणानि दश ज्ञेयः शतमानस्तु राजतः Ms.8.137; अष्टौ शाणाः शतमानं वहन्ति Mb.3.134.15.

-2 an Āḍhaka q. v.

-मार्जः an armourer.

-मुख a.

1 having a hundred ways.

-2 having a hundred outlets, mouths, or openings; विवेकभ्रष्टानां भवति विनिपातः शतमुखः Bh.2.1 (where the word has sense 1 also). (

-खम्) a hundred ways or openings. (

-खी) a brush, broom.

-मूर्धन् m. an ant-hill.

-मूला the Dūrvā grass,

-यज्वन् m. an epithet of Indra; उपतस्थुरास्थितविषादधियः शतयज्वनो वनचरा वसतिम् Ki.6.29.

-यष्टिकः a necklace of one hundred strings.

-रुद्रियम् 1 a Vedic text (रुद्राध्यायः -'नमस्ते रुद्रमन्यवे' इति याजुषः प्रपाठकः); गृणन्तौ वेदविद्वांसौ तद्व्रह शतरुद्रियम् Mb.7.81.13;7.22.12.

-2 a particular Śiva-stotra in the Mahābhārata; देवदेवस्य ते पार्थ व्याख्याः शतरुद्रियम् Mb.7.22.48.

-रूपा N. of a daughter of Brahman (who is supposed to be also his wife, from whose incestuous connection with her father is said to have sprung Manu Svāyambhuva).

-लुपः, -लुम्पक an epithet of the poet Bhāravi.

-लोचनः an epithet of Indra; कथं वा तस्य न जयो जोयते शतलोचन Mb.8.87.78.

-वर्ष a.

1 a century old.

-2 lasting for a hundred years. (

-र्षम्) one hundred years, a century.

-वीर्या 1 white flowering Dūrvā.

-2 the plant Śatāvarī.

-वेधिन् m. a kind of sorrel.

-शाख a.

1 various, multiform.

-2 having hundred, i. e. many branches.

-संधान a. fixing an arrow a hundred times.

-सहस्रम् 1 a hundred thousand.

-2 several hundreds, i. e. a large number.

-सुखम् endless delight.

-साहस्र a.

1 consisting of <?> containing a hundred thousand.

-2 bought with a hundred thousand.

-ह्रदा 1 lightning; दूरं पुरःक्षिप्तशतह्नदे Ku.7.39; Mk.5.48; V.4; प्रपतेदपि चाकाशं निपतेनु शतह्रदाः Śiva B.19.2.

-2 the thunderbolt of Indra.

-ह्रादा the thunderbolt.

शर्करा [शॄ-करन् कस्य नेत्वम् Uṇ.4.3]

1 Candied sugar; द्राक्षा म्लानमुखी जाता शर्करा चाश्मतां गता । सुभाषित- रसस्याग्रे सुधा भीता दिवं गता ॥ Subhāṣ.

-2 A pebble, gravel, small stone; पादुकान्तरप्रविष्टेव शर्करा Mk.5.

-3 Gravelly mould; Mb.12.192.1 (com. शर्कराः कर्करसहिता मृत्).

-4 Soil abounding in stony fragments, sand; अशर्करामविभ्रंशां समतीर्थामशैवलाम् (पुष्करिणीम्) Rām.3.73.11; सूपतीर्थां शुचिजलां शर्करापङ्कवर्जिताम् Mb.5.152.7; Bhāg.7.15.17.

-5 A piece, fragment; कठिनकुचतटाग्रपाति पश्चादथ शतशर्करतां जगाम तासाम् Śi.7.69.

-6 A potshered.

-7 Any hard particle, as in जलशर्करा a nodule of water; i. e. hail.

-8 The disease called gravel.

-9 Golden earth; ह्रद इव तिमिनागसंवृतः स्तिमितजलो मणिशङ्खशर्करः Rām.2.81.16. (com. शर्कराः सुवर्ण- खनिमृत्तिकाः).

-Comp. -अचलः 1 the ceremonial 'moun- tain of sugar' (a heap measuring eight Bhāras) given away by pious donors together with four smaller mountains called Viṣkambhaparvata. Three golden trees are planted on the mountain, while on the smaller mountains are placed idols of Cupid, Kubera and Brahmā as well as a golden image of the Surabhi cow. It was customary to give away similar mountains of butter, salt, paddy, cotton and sesamum seeds; दानान्तः- श्रुतशर्कराचलमथः खेनामृतान्धाः स्मरः N.21.154.

-2 a sugar- loaf (conical).

- उदक sugar-water, water sweetened with sugar.

-धेनुः a gift of sugar moulded in the shape of a cow; see शर्कराचल.

-सप्तमी N. of an observance on the 7th day in the bright half of Vaiśākha.

शीत a. [श्यै-क्]

1 Cool, cold, frigid; तव कुसुमशरत्वं शीतरश्मित्वमिन्दोः Ś.3.2.

-2 Dull, sluggish, apathetic, sleepy.

-3 Dull, lazy, stupid.

-तः 1 A kind of reed.

-2 The Nimba tree.

-3 The cold season (n. also).

-4 Camphor.

-तम् 1 Cold, coldness, chillness; आः शीतं तुहिनाचलस्य करथोः K. P.1.

-2 Water.

-3 Cinnamon.

-4 Phlegm, one of the three humours of the body (कफ); शीतोष्णे चैव वायुश्च त्रयः शारीरजा गुणाः Mb.12.16.11.

-Comp. -अंशुः 1 the moon; वक्त्रेन्दौ तव सत्ययं यदपरः शीतांशुरुज्जृम्भते K. P.1.

-2 camphor.

-अदः a kind of affection or diseased state of the gums.

-अद्रिः the Himālaya mountain.

-अश्मन् m. the moon stone.

-आकुल, -आर्त a. pinched or benumbed with cold, shivering.

-उत्तमम् water.

-करः 1 the moon.

-2 camphor.

-कालः the cold season, winter.

-कालीन a. wintry.

-कुम्भः the fragrant oleander.

-कृच्छ्रः, -च्छ्रम् a kind of religious penance.

-क्षारः refined borax.

-गन्धः white sandal.

-गात्रः a kind of fever.

-गुः 1 the moon.

-2 camphor.

-चम्पकः 1 a lamp.

-2 a mirror.

-दीधितिः the moon.

-द्युतिः the moon; शीतद्युतेर्मण्डलम् Sūkti.62.

-पङ्कः rum.

-पित्तम् 1 a tumour caused by a chill.

-2 increase of bile caused by cold.

-पुष्पः the Śireeṣa tree.

-पुष्पकम् benzoin.

-प्रभः camphor.

-फलः Ficus Glomerata (Mar. उंबर).

-भानुः the moon.

-भीरुः a kind of jasmine (Arabian).

-मयूखः, -मरीचिः, -रश्मिः 1 the moon.

-2 camphor.

-मूलकम् the root of the Uśīra q. v.

-रम्यः a lamp.

-रसः spirituous liquor made from the unboil- ed sugar-cane juice.

-रुच् m.,

-रुचिः the moon; प्रतिवासरं सुकृतिभिर्ववृधे विमलः कलाभिरिव शीतरुचिः Ki.6.2.

-वल्कः the Udumbara tree.

-वीर्यकः the fig-tree.

-वृष्टिः a variety of gem; Kau. A.2.11.

-शिवः the Śamee tree.

-(वम्) 1 rock-salt.

-2 borax.

-शूकः barley.

-सहः the Pīlu tree.

-स्पर्श a. cooling.

[ri ngos las rdo]

zhig 'bor: casts a stone down a mountain side

[lha tho]

heaps of stone erected on mountain passes or on the tops of mountains as votive cairns

1) rock, boulder;

2) cliff, precipice (framan í bergi).

* * *

n. [Ulf. bairga = η ορεινή; A. S. biorh; Germ. berg; Dan. bjærg; Swed. berg; cp. bjarg and borg, in Swed. and Dan. berg means a mountain gener., = Icel. fjall; in Icel. berg is a special name]:—a rock, elevated rocky ground, as in lögberg; vaðberg, a rock on the shore where the angler stands; móberg, a clay soil, saxum terrestri-arenaceum fuscum, Eggert Itin.; þursaberg is a sort of whetstone, cp. Edda 58; and heinberg, hone-stone, id.; silfrberg, silver-ore, Stj.; á bergi, on a rock or rocky platform.

β. a rock, boulder; varð b. eitt undir höfði honum, Flov. 31.

γ. a precipice = björg; framan í bergi, Fms. vii. 81, Eg. 581, Hkr. i. 151; meitilberg.