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81 stereokimya
stereochemistry -
82 стереохимия
stereochemistry* * *стѐреохѝмия,ж., само ед. stereochemistry.* * *stereochemistry -
83 стереохимия
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84 stereokemija
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85 стереохимия
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86 стереохимия
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87 Pasteur, Louis
[br]b. 27 December 1822 Dole, Franced. 28 September 1895 Paris, France[br]French chemist, founder of stereochemistry, developer of microbiology and immunology, and exponent of the germ theory of disease.[br]Sustained by the family tanning business in Dole, near the Swiss border, Pasteur's school career was undistinguished, sufficing to gain him entry into the teacher-training college in Paris, the Ecole Normale, There the chemical lectures by the great organic chemist J.B.A.Dumas (1800–84) fired Pasteur's enthusiasm for chemistry which never left him. Pasteur's first research, carried out at the Ecole, was into tartaric acid and resulted in the discovery of its two optically active forms resulting from dissymmetrical forms of their molecules. This led to the development of stereochemistry. Next, an interest in alcoholic fermentation, first as Professor of Chemistry at Lille University in 1854 and then back at the Ecole from 1857, led him to deny the possibility of spontaneous generation of animal life. Doubt had previously been cast on this, but it was Pasteur's classic research that finally established that the putrefaction of broth or the fermentation of sugar could not occur spontaneously in sterile conditions, and could only be caused by airborne micro-organisms. As a result, he introduced pasteurization or brief, moderate heating to kill pathogens in milk, wine and other foods. The suppuration of wounds was regarded as a similar process, leading Lister to apply Pasteur's principles to revolutionize surgery. In 1860, Pasteur himself decided to turn to medical research. His first study again had important industrial implications, for the silk industry was badly affected by diseases of the silkworm. After prolonged and careful investigation, Pasteur found ways of dealing with the two main infections. In 1868, however, he had a stroke, which prevented him from active carrying out experimentation and restricted him to directing research, which actually was more congenial to him. Success with disease in larger animals came slowly. In 1879 he observed that a chicken treated with a weakened culture of chicken-cholera bacillus would not develop symptoms of the disease when treated with an active culture. He compared this result with Jenner's vaccination against smallpox and decided to search for a vaccine against the cattle disease anthrax. In May 1881 he staged a demonstration which clearly showed the success of his new vaccine. Pasteur's next success, finding a vaccine which could protect against and treat rabies, made him world famous, especially after a person was cured in 1885. In recognition of his work, the Pasteur Institute was set up in Paris by public subscription and opened in 1888. Pasteur's genius transcended the boundaries between science, medicine and technology, and his achievements have had significant consequences for all three fields.[br]BibliographyPasteur published over 500 books, monographs and scientific papers, reproduced in the magnificent Oeuvres de Pasteur, 1922–39, ed. Pasteur Vallery-Radot, 7 vols, Paris.Further ReadingP.Vallery-Radot, 1900, La vie de Louis Pasteur, Paris: Hachette; 1958, Louis Pasteur. A Great Life in Brief, English trans., New York (the standard biography).E.Duclaux, 1896, Pasteur: Histoire d ' un esprit, Paris; 1920, English trans., Philadelphia (perceptive on the development of Pasteur's thought in relation to contemporary science).R.Dobos, 1950, Louis Pasteur, Free Lance of Science, Boston, Mass.; 1955, French trans.LRD -
88 стереохимия
жен. stereochemistryБольшой англо-русский и русско-английский словарь > стереохимия
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89 stereo-
в сложных словах имеет значение объемный - stereoscopic стереоскопический - stereochemistry стереохимия - stereometry стереометрия -
90 абсолютная стереохимия
Makarov: absolute stereochemistryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > абсолютная стереохимия
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91 кристаллохимия
1) Engineering: crystal chemistry2) Makarov: stereochemistry -
92 любая желаемая стереохимия
Makarov: any desired stereochemistryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > любая желаемая стереохимия
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93 относительная стереохимия
Makarov: relative stereochemistryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > относительная стереохимия
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94 прохиральность является ключевой концепцией в стереохимии, особенно в области асимметрического синтеза
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > прохиральность является ключевой концепцией в стереохимии, особенно в области асимметрического синтеза
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95 стереохимия
1) General subject: stereochemistry2) Chemistry: space chemistry -
96 стереохимия олигомеров
Makarov: oligomer stereochemistryУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > стереохимия олигомеров
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97 Stereochemie
Ste·reo·che·mief stereochemistry -
98 Stereochemie
f < chem> ■ stereochemistry -
99 stereokjemi
subst. stereochemistry -
100 стереохимия
См. также в других словарях:
Stereochemistry — Stereochemistry, a subdiscipline of chemistry, involves the study of the relative spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules. An important branch of stereochemistry is the study of chiral molecules [JerryMarch] . Stereochemistry is a hugely… … Wikipedia
stereochemistry — [ster΄ē ō kem′is trē, stir΄ē ō kem′is trē] n. [ STEREO + CHEMISTRY] the branch of chemistry dealing with the spatial arrangement of atoms or groups of atoms that make up molecules … English World dictionary
stereochemistry — stereochemic /ster ee oh kem ik, stear /, stereochemical, adj. stereochemically, adv. /ster ee oh kem euh stree, stear /, n. the branch of chemistry that deals with the determination of the relative positions in space of the atoms or groups of… … Universalium
stereochemistry — stereochemija statusas T sritis chemija apibrėžtis Mokslas, tiriantis erdvinį atomų išsidėstymą molekulėse ir jo įtaką junginių savybėms. atitikmenys: angl. stereochemistry rus. стереохимия … Chemijos terminų aiškinamasis žodynas
stereochemistry — stereochemija statusas T sritis fizika atitikmenys: angl. stereochemistry vok. Stereochemie, f rus. стереохимия, f pranc. stéréochimie, f … Fizikos terminų žodynas
stereochemistry — noun Etymology: International Scientific Vocabulary Date: 1890 1. a branch of chemistry that deals with the spatial arrangement of atoms and groups in molecules 2. the spatial arrangement of atoms and groups in a compound and its relation to the… … New Collegiate Dictionary
stereochemistry — noun a) the branch of chemistry that involves the spatial arrangement of the atoms of molecules, and studies how this affects the physical and chemical properties of such species b) the effect of such spatial arrangement on the chemistry of a… … Wiktionary
stereochemistry — The branch of chemistry concerned with the spatial three dimensional relations of atoms in molecules, i.e., the positions the atoms in a compound bear in relation to one another in space. * * * ste·reo·chem·is·try .ster ē ō kem ə strē, .stir n,… … Medical dictionary
stereochemistry — ster·e·o·chem·is·try || ‚stɪrɪəʊ kemɪstrɪ /‚ster n. branch of chemistry dealing with the spatial arrangement of atoms within molecules (Chemistry) … English contemporary dictionary
stereochemistry — noun the branch of chemistry concerned with the three dimensional arrangement of atoms in molecules and the effect of this on reactions. Derivatives stereochemical adjective stereochemically adverb … English new terms dictionary
stereochemistry — stereo·chemistry … English syllables