-
1 arduum
arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).I.Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:II.aether,
Ov. M. 1, 151:sidera,
id. ib. 1, 730:cedrus,
id. Am. 1, 14, 12:cervix equi,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),
Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:supercilia,
i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:confragosus atque arduus clivis,
steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:ascensus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:arduus ac difficilis ascensus,
Liv. 25, 13:ardua et aspera et confragosa via,
id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:mons,
Ov. M. 1, 316:Tmolus,
id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,
Lucr. 1, 659:in ardua montis Ite,
Ov. M. 8, 692:ardua terrarum,
Verg. A. 5, 695:per arduum scandere,
Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:in arduo,
Tac. A. 2, 47:in arduis ponet nidum suum,
Vulg. Job, 39, 27:ardua Alpium,
Tac. H. 4, 70:castellorum,
id. A. 11, 9:ingressi sunt ardua,
Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —Trop.A.That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:B.magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,
Cic. Or. 10, 33:rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,
id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:id arduum factu erat,
Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:victoria,
Ov. M. 14, 453:virtus,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:nil mortalibus arduum est,
id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:nec fuit in arduo societas,
Tac. A. 12, 15.—Troublesome, unpleasant:C.in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,
Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,
Gell. 4, 15:quam arduum onus,
Tac. A. 1, 11.—Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,
in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used. -
2 arduus
arduus, a, um, adj. [akin to ARDÔ, arsô = to water, to cherish; aldainô = to make grow; aldêeis = growing; alo, altus, q. v.; 1. ad-oleo, ad-olesco; related to arbor, arbutus as eruthros, Germ. roth, Engl. red, is related to ruber; Ardea was perh. so called from its lofty situation; cf. Arduenna], high, elevated, lofty, steep (syn.: altus, celsus, sublimis).I.Lit.: Pergama ardua, Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 2:II.aether,
Ov. M. 1, 151:sidera,
id. ib. 1, 730:cedrus,
id. Am. 1, 14, 12:cervix equi,
Hor. S. 1, 2, 89:et campo sese arduus infert (Turnus),
Verg. A. 9, 53.—Also in prose in Gell.:supercilia,
i. e. proudly elevated, Gell. 4, 1, 1:confragosus atque arduus clivis,
steep, Varr. R. R. 1, 18, 4:ascensus,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 23:arduus ac difficilis ascensus,
Liv. 25, 13:ardua et aspera et confragosa via,
id. 44. 3: via alta atque ardua, Enn. ap. Cic. Tusc. 1, 16, 37:mons,
Ov. M. 1, 316:Tmolus,
id. ib. 11, 150 al.—Hence, subst.: arduum, i, n., a steep place, a steep:Ardua dum metuunt, amittunt vera viaï,
Lucr. 1, 659:in ardua montis Ite,
Ov. M. 8, 692:ardua terrarum,
Verg. A. 5, 695:per arduum scandere,
Hor. C. 2, 19, 21:in arduo,
Tac. A. 2, 47:in arduis ponet nidum suum,
Vulg. Job, 39, 27:ardua Alpium,
Tac. H. 4, 70:castellorum,
id. A. 11, 9:ingressi sunt ardua,
Vulg. Jer. 4, 29. —Trop.A.That is difficult to reach or attain, difficult, laborious, hard, arduous:B.magnum opus omnino et arduum conamur,
Cic. Or. 10, 33:rerum arduarum ac difficilium perpessio,
id. Inv. 2, 54; so id. Leg. 1, 13:id arduum factu erat,
Liv. 8, 16; Tac. A. 4, 4:victoria,
Ov. M. 14, 453:virtus,
Hor. C. 3, 24, 44:nil mortalibus arduum est,
id. ib. 1, 3, 37.— Subst.:nec fuit in arduo societas,
Tac. A. 12, 15.—Troublesome, unpleasant:C.in primis arduum videtur res gestas scribere,
Sall. C. 3, 2, upon which Gellius remarks: Arduum Sallustius non pro difficili tantum, sed pro eo quoque ponit, quod Graeci chalepon appellant:quod est cum difficile tum molestum quoque et incommodum et intractabile,
Gell. 4, 15:quam arduum onus,
Tac. A. 1, 11.—Of fortune, difficult, adverse, inauspicious:aequam memento rebus in arduis Servare mentem,
in adversity, Hor. C. 2, 3, 1.► Comp. arduior: iter longius arduiusque erat, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.— Sup. arduissimus: asperrimo atque arduissimo aditu, Cato ap. Prisc. p. 600 P.; cf.: assiduus, egregius, industrius, perpetuus, and Rudd. I. p. 180, n. 58.— Adv. not used. -
3 arduum
arduum ī, n [arduus], a steep place, steep: ardua evadere, L.: in ardua montis ite, O.: per arduum scandere, H.—Fig., difficulty: nil mortalibus ardui est, H.* * *steep/high place, heights, elevation; arduous/difficult/hard task; challenge -
4 praeceps
praeceps cipitis, abl. cipitī, adj. [prae+ caput], headforemost, headlong: praecipitem (me) in pistrinum dabit, T.: ut Sopatrum praecipitem deiciant: praeceps ad terram datus, dashed to the ground, L.: Desilit, O.: se praecipitem tecto dedit, leaped headlong from the roof, H.—As subst n.: in praeceps deferri, headlong, L.— Headforemost, headlong, in haste, suddenly: ab inimicis circumventus praeceps agor, S.: ab equo praeceps decidit, O.: (apes) praecipites Cadunt, V.: praecipites fugae sese mandabant, Cs.— Downhill, steep, precipitous, abrupt, perpendicular: in declivi ac praecipiti loco, Cs.: saxa, L.: fossae, V.: iter, O.; cf. iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum.—As subst n., a steep place, precipice: turrim in praecipiti stantem, V.: immane, Iu.— Sinking, declining, falling: sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum, V.: in occasum sol, L.: senectus, Cu.— Swift, rapid, rushing, violent: Anio, H.: Boreas, O.: nox, fleeting, O.: remedium, Cu.—Fig., headlong, hasty, rash, precipitate: agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium, pursue fiercely: praecipitem amicum ferri sinere, rush into the abyss: Agricola in ipsam gloriam praeceps agebatur, i. e. was hurried to ruinous heights of glory, Ta.— Rash, hasty, inconsiderate: quis potest esse tam praeceps?: cupiditas dominandi.— Inclined, prone, hasty: naturā ad explendam cupidinem, S.: praeceps ingenio in iram, L. — Dangerous, critical: in tam praecipiti tempore, O.—As subst n., great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances: se et prope rem p. in praeceps dederat, exposed to extreme danger, L.: levare Aegrum ex praecipiti, H.: Omne in praecipiti vitium stetit, i. e. at its extreme, Iu.* * *(gen.), praecipitis ADJhead first, headlong; steep, precipitous -
5 abruptus
abruptus adj. [P. of abrumpo], broken off, cut off.—Of places, steep, precipitous, inaccessible: locus in pedum mille altitudinem, L.: petra, Cu.— Subst: vastos sorbet in abruptum fluctūs, into the abyss, V.—Fig.: contumacia, rugged, Ta.: per abrupta, i. e. defiantly, Ta.* * *abrupta -um, abruptior -or -us, abruptissimus -a -um ADJprecipitous, steep; hasty; rash; uncompromising, haughty, aloof; abrupt, sudden; broken, disconnected, abrupt; stubborn -
6 abscīsus
abscīsus adj. [P. of abscido], cut off, severed, caput, H.—Meton., steep, precipitous: saxum, L.* * *abscisa -um, abscisior -or -us, abscisissimus -a -um ADJsteep, sheer, precipitous; abrupt, curt, brusque; restricted; cut off, severed -
7 arduus
arduus adj. [AL-, ARDH-], steep: ascensus, Cs.: via.—Poet., high, elevated, lofty: aether, O.: cervix equi: sese arduus infert, i. e. on his steed, V.: Arduus arma tenens, high in the air, V.— Fig., difficult, arduous, hard: nihil arduum sibi esse, Cs.: factu, L.: victoria, O.: virtutis via arduae, H.: arduum videtur, res gestas scribere, S.: res, hardships: rebus in arduis, H.* * *ardua -um, arduior -or -us, arduissimus -a -um ADJsteep, high, lofty, towering, tall; erect, rearing; uphill; arduous, difficult -
8 clīvōsus
clīvōsus adj. [clivus], hilly, full of hills (poet.): rus, V.—Steep, arduous: Latina (via), Iu.: Olympus, O.* * *clivosa, clivosum ADJhilly, full of hills; steep, characterized by slopes; difficult (L+S) -
9 dēvexus
dēvexus adj. [deveho], inclining, sloping, shelving, steep: lucus a Palati radice in novam viam: mundus in Austros, V.: amnis, V.: haec declivia et devexa, Cs.: arva, O.: Orion, i. e. towards his setting, H.: raeda, on its way down, Iu.— Poet.: fluit devexo pondere cervix, bent under the load, V.—Fig., inclined, prone: aetas a laboribus ad otium.* * *devexa, devexum ADJsloping, inclining, shelving; steep; prone -
10 imbuō (inb-)
imbuō (inb-) uī, ūtus, ere [see PO-], to wet, moisten, soak, steep, saturate: palmulas in aequore, Ct.: imbuti sanguine gladii: sanguis imbuit arma, V.: imbuta sanguine vestis, O.: munus tabo imbutum, H.: oscula, quae Venus Quintā parte sui nectaris imbuit, H.: aram imbuet agnus, V.— Fig., to fill, steep, stain, taint, infect, imbue, imbrue: gladium scelere.—P. perf. with abl, tainted, touched, affected, tinged: nullo scelere imbutus: religione: Romanis delenimentis, L.: hac ille crudelitate.—To instruct superficially, color, tinge, inure, initiate, imbue: studiis se: dialecticis ne imbutus quidem: servilibus vitiis, L.: nos ita a maioribus imbuti sumus, ut, etc.: parentum praeceptis imbuti: (verna) Litterulis Graecis imbutus, H.: socios ad officia, Ta.: Imbuis exemplum palmae, i. e. you are the first to win, Pr.: opus tuum, begin, O.: Illa (navis) rudem cursu prima imbuit Amphitriten, i. e. first traversed the sea, Ct. -
11 mācerō
mācerō āvī, ātus, āre [2 MAC-], to make soft, make tender, soften, soak, steep, macerate: salsamenta, T.— To weaken, waste, enervate: nos fame, L.: macerari ignibus, H.: siti maceratus, Cn.— To fret, vex, torment, distress, torture, pain: quor me macero? T.: vos desiderio, L.: Maceror interdum, quod, etc., am vexed, O.* * *macerare, maceravi, maceratus Vmake wet/soft, soak/steep/bathe; soften; wear down, exhaust; worry, annoy/vex -
12 praeruptus
praeruptus adj. [P. of praerumpo], broken off, steep, abrupt, rugged: saxa: iugum, Cs.: nemus, H.: mons, V.—Fig., hasty, rash, precipitate: audacia: iuvenis animo, Ta.* * *praerupta, praeruptum ADJ -
13 abrumpo
ab-rumpo, ūpi, uptum, 3, v. a., to break off something violently, to rend, tear, sever ( poet.; seldom used before the Aug. per., only once in Cic., but afterw. by Verg., Ov., and the histt. often).I.Lit.: vincla abrupit equus (transl. of the Homeric desmon aporrêxas, Il. 6, 507), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 509 Vahl.); so, nec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro vincula Pirithoo, * Hor. C. 4, 7, 27; cf. Verg. A. 9, 118:II.abrupti nubibus ignes,
torn from, Lucr. 2, 214; cf.with the fig. reversed, in Verg.: ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes, A. 3, 199: abrupto sidere,
i. e. hidden by clouds, id. ib. 12, 451:plebs velut abrupta a cetero populo,
broken off, torn from, Liv. 3, 19, 9.—Trop.:A.(legio Martia) se prima latrocinio Antonii abrupit,
first freed itself, Cic. Phil. 14, 12:abrumpere vitam,
to break the thread of life, Verg. A. 8, 579; 9, 497;so later, abrumpere fata,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 893, or, medios annos, Luc. 6, 610:abrumpere vitam a civitate,
to leave it, in order to live elsewhere, Tac. A. 16, 28 fin.:fas,
to destroy, violate, Verg. A. 3, 55:medium sermonem,
to break off, interrupt, id. ib. 4, 388; cf.abruptus: omnibus inter victoriam mortemve abruptis,
since all means of escape, except victory or death, were taken from us, Liv. 21, 44, 8.—Hence, ab-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken off from, separated, esp. of places, inaccessible, or difficult of access.Lit., of places, precipitous, steep (syn.:B.praeceps, abscissus): locus in pedum mille altitudinem abruptus,
Liv. 21, 36:(Roma) munita abruptis montibus,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; Tac. A. 2, 23:petra undique abscissa et abrupta,
Curt. 7, 11.—Also absol.: abruptum, i, n., a steep ascent or descent; cf. praeceps:vastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus,
she swallows down her gulf, Verg. A. 3, 422.—Trop., broken, disconnected, abrupt:1. 2.Sallustiana brevitas et abruptum sermonis genus,
Quint. 4, 2, 45:contumacia,
stubborn, Tac. A. 4, 20.— Comp., Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138; Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 1.— Sup., Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5.— Absol.:per abrupta,
by rough, dangerous ways, Tac. Agr. 42 fin. (cf. supra: abrupta contumacia).— Adv.: abruptē.Trop., of conduct, hastily, inconsiderately, Just. 2, 15, 4;of discourse,
abruptly, Quint. 3, 8, 6; 4, 1, 79;also,
simply, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 19.— Comp., Amm. 20, 11. -
14 abruptum
ab-rumpo, ūpi, uptum, 3, v. a., to break off something violently, to rend, tear, sever ( poet.; seldom used before the Aug. per., only once in Cic., but afterw. by Verg., Ov., and the histt. often).I.Lit.: vincla abrupit equus (transl. of the Homeric desmon aporrêxas, Il. 6, 507), Enn. ap. Macr. S. 6, 3 (Ann. v. 509 Vahl.); so, nec Lethaea valet Theseus abrumpere caro vincula Pirithoo, * Hor. C. 4, 7, 27; cf. Verg. A. 9, 118:II.abrupti nubibus ignes,
torn from, Lucr. 2, 214; cf.with the fig. reversed, in Verg.: ingeminant abruptis nubibus ignes, A. 3, 199: abrupto sidere,
i. e. hidden by clouds, id. ib. 12, 451:plebs velut abrupta a cetero populo,
broken off, torn from, Liv. 3, 19, 9.—Trop.:A.(legio Martia) se prima latrocinio Antonii abrupit,
first freed itself, Cic. Phil. 14, 12:abrumpere vitam,
to break the thread of life, Verg. A. 8, 579; 9, 497;so later, abrumpere fata,
Sen. Herc. Oet. 893, or, medios annos, Luc. 6, 610:abrumpere vitam a civitate,
to leave it, in order to live elsewhere, Tac. A. 16, 28 fin.:fas,
to destroy, violate, Verg. A. 3, 55:medium sermonem,
to break off, interrupt, id. ib. 4, 388; cf.abruptus: omnibus inter victoriam mortemve abruptis,
since all means of escape, except victory or death, were taken from us, Liv. 21, 44, 8.—Hence, ab-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken off from, separated, esp. of places, inaccessible, or difficult of access.Lit., of places, precipitous, steep (syn.:B.praeceps, abscissus): locus in pedum mille altitudinem abruptus,
Liv. 21, 36:(Roma) munita abruptis montibus,
Plin. 3, 5, 9, § 67; Tac. A. 2, 23:petra undique abscissa et abrupta,
Curt. 7, 11.—Also absol.: abruptum, i, n., a steep ascent or descent; cf. praeceps:vastos sorbet in abruptum fluctus,
she swallows down her gulf, Verg. A. 3, 422.—Trop., broken, disconnected, abrupt:1. 2.Sallustiana brevitas et abruptum sermonis genus,
Quint. 4, 2, 45:contumacia,
stubborn, Tac. A. 4, 20.— Comp., Plin. 11, 37, 51, § 138; Tert. adv. Marc. 1, 1.— Sup., Plin. Ep. 9, 39, 5.— Absol.:per abrupta,
by rough, dangerous ways, Tac. Agr. 42 fin. (cf. supra: abrupta contumacia).— Adv.: abruptē.Trop., of conduct, hastily, inconsiderately, Just. 2, 15, 4;of discourse,
abruptly, Quint. 3, 8, 6; 4, 1, 79;also,
simply, Macr. Somn. Scip. 1, 19.— Comp., Amm. 20, 11. -
15 clivosus
clīvōsus, a, um, adj. [clivus], hilly, full of hills, steep ( poet. or in post-Aug. prose):II.rus,
Verg. G. 2, 212:trames,
id. ib. 1, 108:loci et aridi,
Col. Arb. 4, 3;opp. planus,
id. R. R. 2, 16, 1:solum,
Plin. 18, 24, 55, § 200:Olympus,
Ov. F. 3, 415:Ida,
id. Am. 1, 14, 11.— -
16 praeceps
praeceps, cĭpĭtis (old form praecĭ-pes, cĭpis, Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 8; id. et Enn. ap. Prisc. p. 725 P. (Ann. v. 391 Vahl.; abl. praecipiti), adj. [prae-caput].I.Lit., headforemost, headlong (class.):B.praecipitem trahi,
Plaut. Ps. 1, 5, 79:aliquem praecipitem deicere,
Cic. Verr. 2, 4, 40, § 86:praeceps ad terram datus,
dashed to the ground, Liv. 31, 37:praeceps curru ab alto Desilit,
Ov. M. 12, 128:hic se praecipitem tecto dedit,
threw himself headlong from the roof, Hor. S. 1, 2, 41:aliquem in praeceps jacere,
headlong, Tac. A. 4, 22; so,jacto in praeceps corpore,
id. ib. 6, 49; cf.:in praeceps deferri,
Liv. 5, 47.—For in praeceps, in late Lat., per praeceps occurs:abiit grex per praeceps in mare,
Vulg. Matt. 8, 32; id. Judic. 5, 22.—Hence, of one going rapidly, headforemost, headlong:de ponte Ire praecipitem in lutum per caputque pedesque,
Cat. 17, 9:se jacere praecipitem e vertice,
id. 63, 244; Verg. A. 5, 860:ab equo praeceps decidit,
Ov. Ib. 259:(apes) praecipites Cadunt,
Verg. G. 4, 80:aliquem praecipitem agere,
to drive headlong, Cic. Caecin. 21, 60; Verg. A. 5, 456:praecipites se fugae mandabant,
Caes. B. G. 2, 24:Monoeten In mare praecipitem deturbat,
Verg. A. 5, 175; cf.:praeceps amensque cucurri,
Ov. M. 7, 844:praeceps Fertur,
is borne headlong, rushes, Hor. S. 1, 4, 30:nuntii,
Tac. H. 2, 6.—Transf., of inanim. things.1.Of localities, qs. that descend suddenly in front, i. e. downhill, steep, precipitous:b.in declivi ac praecipiti loco,
Caes. B. G. 4, 33:via (opp. plana),
Cic. Fl. 42, 105:saxa,
Liv. 38, 23:fossae,
Ov. M. 1, 97; Verg. A. 11, 888:iter,
Ov. Tr. 4, 3, 74; cf.trop.: iter ad malum praeceps ac lubricum,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:loci,
Col. 1, 2:mons,
Plin. Pan. 16.—Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n., a steep place, a precipice:2.turrim in praecipiti stantem,
Verg. A. 2, 460:specus vasto in praeceps hiatu,
Plin. 2, 45, 44, § 115:in praeceps pervenitur,
Vell. 2, 3, 4:immane,
Juv. 10, 107:altissimum,
App. M. 4, p. 144 med. —In plur.:in praecipitia cursus iste deducit,
Sen. Ep. 8, 4.—Sinking, declining:3.(in vitibus) praecipites palmites dicuntur, qui de hornotinis virgis enati in duro alligantur,
Col. 5, 6, 33:sol Praecipitem lavit aequore currum,
Verg. G. 3, 359:jam praeceps in occasum sol erat,
Liv. 10, 42:dies,
id. 4, 9; cf.:senectus,
Curt. 6, 5, 3. —In gen., swift, rapid, rushing, violent ( poet.;II. A.syn.: celer, velox): praeceps Anio,
Hor. C. 1, 7, 13:Boreas,
Ov. M. 2, 185:nox,
fleeting, transient, id. ib. 9, 485:procella,
Stat. Th. 5, 419:oceani fragor,
Val. Fl. 3, 404:letum,
Sen. Hippol. 262:remedium,
Curt. 3, 6, 2.—In gen. (class.):B.noster erus, qui scelestus sacerdotem anum praecipes Reppulit,
Plaut. Rud. 3, 3, 10:sol jam praecipitans me quoque haec praecipitem paene evolvere coëgit,
almost headlong, precipitately, Cic. de Or. 3, 55, 209:agunt eum praecipitem poenae civium Romanorum,
chase, pursue, id. Verr. 2, 1, 3, § 7:praecipitem amicum ferri sinere,
to rush into the abyss, id. Lael. 24, 89:quoniam ab inimicis praeceps agor,
am pursued, Sall. C. 31, 9:praeceps celeritas dicendi,
Cic. Fl. 20, 48: profectio, Att. ap. Cic. Att. 9, 10, 6: occumbunt multi letum... praecipe cursu, in rapid destruction, Enn. l. l.—With gen.:SI NON FATORVM PRAECEPS HIC MORTIS OBISSET,
sudden as regards fate, Inscr. Grut. 695, 9, emended by Minervini in Bullet. Arch. Napol. III. 1845, p. 41 (but Minervini's assumption of a new adj., praeceps, from praecipio, anticipating fale, is unnecessary).—In partic.1.Rash, hasty, inconsiderate:2.homo in omnibus consiliis praeceps,
Cic. Phil. 5, 13, 37: praeceps et effrenata mens, id. Cael. 15, 35:praeceps consilium et immaturum,
Suet. Aug. 8:cogitatio,
id. Calig. 48:audacia,
Val. Max. 1, 6, 7.—Inclined to any thing:3. b.praeceps in avaritiam et crudelitatem animus,
Liv. 26, 38:praeceps ingenio in iram,
id. 23, 7:animus ad flagitia praeceps,
Tac. A. 16, 21.—Subst.: praeceps, cĭpĭtis, n.(α).Great danger, extremity, extreme danger, critical circumstances:(β).se et prope rem publicam in praeceps dederat,
brought into extreme danger, Liv. 27, 27:levare Aegrum ex praecipiti,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 292:aeger est in praecipiti,
Cels. 2, 6.—The highest part, summit, sublimity (postAug.):1.omne in praecipiti vitium stetit,
at its point of culmination, Juv. 1, 149:debet orator erigi, attolli, efferri, ac saepe accedere ad praeceps,
to verge on the sublime, Plin. Ep. 9, 26, 2.—Hence, adv.: prae-ceps, headlong.Lit.:2.aliquem praeceps trahere,
Tac. A. 4, 62:ex his fulgoribus quaedam praeceps eunt, similia prosilientibus stellis,
Sen. Q. N. 1, 15, 2:moles convulsa dum ruit intus immensam vim mortalium praeceps trahit atque operit,
Tac. A. 4, 62:toto praeceps se corpore ad undas Misit,
Verg. A. 4, 253.—Trop.:eversio rei familiaris dignitatem ac famam praeceps dabat,
brought into danger, Tac. A. 6, 17:praeceps in exsilium acti,
suddenly, hastily, Amm. 29, 1, 21. -
17 praerumpo
prae-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a., to break or tear off before or in front (class.):II.retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 14, 547:funes praerumpebantur,
were broken off, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:uncus praerumpitur,
Col. 3, 18, 2. —Trop., to wrench, tear to pieces (late Lat.):A.purgativa medicamina praerumpunt corpora,
Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 21, 128.—Hence, prae-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken or torn off; hence, of places, steep, abrupt, rugged (syn.: abscisus, abruptus).Lit.:B. 1.saxa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145:loca,
Caes. B. G. 7, 86:praeruptum atque asperum jugum,
id. B. C. 2, 24:praeruptum undique oppidum,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 40:praeruptus et difficilis descensus,
id. ib.:nemus,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 91:mons,
Verg. A. 1, 105:rupes,
Suet. Tib. 40:fossae,
Tac. H. 2, 41.— Absol.: praerupta, ōrum, n., steep or rugged places:praerupta collium,
Just. 41, 1, 11:petere,
Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156.—In sing.:ad praeruptum petrae,
Vulg. 2 Par. 25, 12.— Comp.:praeruptior collis,
Col. 3, 13.— Sup.:omnes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis munitae,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33.—Of persons:2.juvenis animo praeruptus,
Tac. A. 16, 7.—Of things:praerupta audacia, tanta temeritas ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:dominatio,
hard, stern, Tac. A. 5, 3:praeruptum atque anceps periculum,
critical, extreme, Vell. 2, 2, 3:seditio,
dangerous, Dig. 28, 3, 6.—Hence, praerūpium, ii, n. [prae - rupes], the rocky wall, line, or wall of rocks (late Lat.):fluminis,
App. Mag. 8, p. 278 med. (dub.; al. praeripia, q. v.); Serv. Verg. A. 6, 704; sing., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38. -
18 praerupium
prae-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a., to break or tear off before or in front (class.):II.retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 14, 547:funes praerumpebantur,
were broken off, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:uncus praerumpitur,
Col. 3, 18, 2. —Trop., to wrench, tear to pieces (late Lat.):A.purgativa medicamina praerumpunt corpora,
Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 21, 128.—Hence, prae-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken or torn off; hence, of places, steep, abrupt, rugged (syn.: abscisus, abruptus).Lit.:B. 1.saxa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145:loca,
Caes. B. G. 7, 86:praeruptum atque asperum jugum,
id. B. C. 2, 24:praeruptum undique oppidum,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 40:praeruptus et difficilis descensus,
id. ib.:nemus,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 91:mons,
Verg. A. 1, 105:rupes,
Suet. Tib. 40:fossae,
Tac. H. 2, 41.— Absol.: praerupta, ōrum, n., steep or rugged places:praerupta collium,
Just. 41, 1, 11:petere,
Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156.—In sing.:ad praeruptum petrae,
Vulg. 2 Par. 25, 12.— Comp.:praeruptior collis,
Col. 3, 13.— Sup.:omnes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis munitae,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33.—Of persons:2.juvenis animo praeruptus,
Tac. A. 16, 7.—Of things:praerupta audacia, tanta temeritas ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:dominatio,
hard, stern, Tac. A. 5, 3:praeruptum atque anceps periculum,
critical, extreme, Vell. 2, 2, 3:seditio,
dangerous, Dig. 28, 3, 6.—Hence, praerūpium, ii, n. [prae - rupes], the rocky wall, line, or wall of rocks (late Lat.):fluminis,
App. Mag. 8, p. 278 med. (dub.; al. praeripia, q. v.); Serv. Verg. A. 6, 704; sing., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38. -
19 praeruptus
prae-rumpo, rūpi, ruptum, 3, v. a., to break or tear off before or in front (class.):II.retinacula classis,
Ov. M. 14, 547:funes praerumpebantur,
were broken off, Caes. B. G. 3, 14:uncus praerumpitur,
Col. 3, 18, 2. —Trop., to wrench, tear to pieces (late Lat.):A.purgativa medicamina praerumpunt corpora,
Cael. Aur. Acut. 2, 21, 128.—Hence, prae-ruptus, a, um, P. a., broken or torn off; hence, of places, steep, abrupt, rugged (syn.: abscisus, abruptus).Lit.:B. 1.saxa,
Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 56, § 145:loca,
Caes. B. G. 7, 86:praeruptum atque asperum jugum,
id. B. C. 2, 24:praeruptum undique oppidum,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 40:praeruptus et difficilis descensus,
id. ib.:nemus,
Hor. S. 2, 6, 91:mons,
Verg. A. 1, 105:rupes,
Suet. Tib. 40:fossae,
Tac. H. 2, 41.— Absol.: praerupta, ōrum, n., steep or rugged places:praerupta collium,
Just. 41, 1, 11:petere,
Plin. 8, 42, 64, § 156.—In sing.:ad praeruptum petrae,
Vulg. 2 Par. 25, 12.— Comp.:praeruptior collis,
Col. 3, 13.— Sup.:omnes oppidi partes praeruptissimis saxis munitae,
Hirt. B. G. 8, 33.—Of persons:2.juvenis animo praeruptus,
Tac. A. 16, 7.—Of things:praerupta audacia, tanta temeritas ut non procul abhorreat ab insaniā,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 24, 68:dominatio,
hard, stern, Tac. A. 5, 3:praeruptum atque anceps periculum,
critical, extreme, Vell. 2, 2, 3:seditio,
dangerous, Dig. 28, 3, 6.—Hence, praerūpium, ii, n. [prae - rupes], the rocky wall, line, or wall of rocks (late Lat.):fluminis,
App. Mag. 8, p. 278 med. (dub.; al. praeripia, q. v.); Serv. Verg. A. 6, 704; sing., Tert. adv. Marc. 4, 38. -
20 proclivis
prōclīvis, e (ante- and post-class. and poet.; collat. form prōclīvus, a, um, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 27; Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 7; Cat. 64, 270; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 2; v. Neue, Formenl. 2, p. 91), adj. [proclivus], sloping, steep, going downwards or downhill.I.Lit. (rare;II.not in Cic. or Cæs.: solum,
Varr. R. R. 2, 2, 7:per proclivem viam duci,
Liv. 35, 30: omnia procliva sunt;facile descenditur,
Sen. Apoc. 13.— Subst.: prō-clīve, is (or prōclīvum, i), n., a slope, descent, declivity:pelli per proclive,
downhill, downwards, Liv. 5, 43, 2:adjuvante proclivo impetum militum,
Front. Strat. 2, 2, 2 (al. proclivio):in proclive detrudi, Auct. B. Alex. 76: per proclivia devolare,
Col. 9, 5, 1.—Of persons, going downwards or downhill ( poet.), Claud. III. Cons. Honor. 178.—Trop.A.Downwards, descending, downhill, declining (rare but class.):B.proclivi cursu et facili delabi,
Cic. Rep. 1, 28, 44:jam proclivi senectute,
declining, drawing to a close, App. Fl. 4, p. 361; cf.:Junius mensis est jam proclivus in Julium,
Sen. Ep. 86, 16.— Absol.:proclivi currit oratio,
flows precipitately, Cic. Fin. 5, 28, 84; v. Madv. ad h. l.—Inclined or disposed to a thing, liable, prone, subject; ready, willing (freq. and class.; mostly in a bad sense; cf. Cic. Tusc. 4, 12, 27, s. v. proclivitas; syn. propensus); constr. usually ad aliquid, more rarely with dat. or circa.(α).With ad:(β).ingenium Hominum proclive ad lubidinem,
Ter. And. 1, 1, 50:ad aliquem morbum proclivior,
Cic. Tusc. 4, 37, 81:ergo et invidi et malevoli...quia proclives ad eas perturbationes,
id. ib. 4, 12, 28:amicitia debet esse ad omnem comitatem facilitatemque proclivior,
id. Lael. 18, 66.—With dat. ( poet.):(γ).sceleri proclivis egestas,
Sil. 13, 585.—With circa (post-Aug.):C.eritque judex circa modestiam juris probatione proclivior,
Quint. 4, 5, 21.—Steep, unsafe, untrustworthy; and hence, obscure, unintelligible:2.fecisti modo mi ex proclivo planum,
you make it plain, Plaut. Mil. 4, 2, 28:faciam hanc rem planam ex proclivā tibi,
id. Rud. 4, 4, 90:nam iste proclive'st quod jubes me plane conlocare,
id. As. 3, 3, 73.—Transf., easy to be done:A.proclivia anteponuntur laboriosis,
Cic. Top. 18, 69:illa facilia, proclivia, jucunda,
id. Part. 27, 95:ut fingendi proclivis esset ratio,
id. Rep. 2, 10, 17:proclivus impetus,
Lucr. 6, 728:cum proclivior faciliorque jactus sit ex supernis in infima,
Gell. 9, 1, 2:dictu quidem est proclive,
easy to be said, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 69:quod est multo proclivius,
much easier, id. Rep. 1, 6, 11.— Absol.: in proclivi, easy:tam hoc quidem tibi in proclivi, quam imber est, quando pluit,
as easy, Plaut. Capt. 2, 2, 86:id. faciam, in proclivi quod est,
Ter. And. 4, 2, 18:alia omnia in proclivi erunt,
will be easy, Sall. Or. ad Caes. 2, 8; v. planum.—Hence, adv., in two forms, prōclīvē and prō-clīvĭter (cf. Gell. 10, 24; Macr. S. 1, 4).Downwards:B.proclive labuntur,
rush downwards, Cic. Tusc. 4, 18, 42 Kühn. and Moser N. cr. (B. and K. proclivi); Lucr. 2, 455 Lachm.; cf. sublime ferri, under sublimis.— Comp.:labi verba proclivius,
i. e. more rapidly, Cic. Or. 57, 191; cf.:quin proclivius hic iras decurrat ad acris,
Lucr. 3, 311.—Easily: facile et procliviter persuadere, Castric. ap. Gell. 1, 6, 6.— Comp.:multo proclivius,
Lucr. 2, 792.
См. также в других словарях:
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steep — adj Steep, abrupt, precipitous, sheer mean having an incline approaching the perpendicular. The words are here arranged in ascending order of degree of perpendicularity. Steep implies so sharp a slope or pitch that ascent or descent is difficult… … New Dictionary of Synonyms
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steep|en — «steemh>puhn», intransitive verb. to become steep or steeper. –v.t. to make steep or steeper … Useful english dictionary