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21 длительный допустимый ток
(длительный) допустимый ток
Максимальное значение электрического тока, который может протекать длительно по проводнику, устройству или аппарату при определенных условиях без превышения определенного значения их температуры в установившемся режиме
[ ГОСТ Р МЭК 60050-826-2009]
Этот ток обозначают IZ
[ ГОСТ Р 50571. 1-2009 ( МЭК 60364-1: 2005)]EN
(continuous) current-carrying capacity
ampacity (US)
maximum value of electric current which can be carried continuously by a conductor, a device or an apparatus, under specified conditions without its steady-state temperature exceeding a specified value
[IEV number 826-11-13]
ampacity
The current in amperes that a conductor can carry continuously under the conditions of use without exceeding its temperature rating.
[National Electrical Cod]FR
courant (permanent) admissible, m
valeur maximale du courant électrique qui peut parcourir en permanence, un conducteur, un dispositif ou un appareil, sans que sa température de régime permanent, dans des conditions données, soit supérieure à la valeur spécifiée
[IEV number 826-11-13]Ampacity, the term is defined as the maximum amount of current a cable can carry before sustaining immediate or progressive deterioration. Also described as current rating or current-carrying capacity, is the RMS electric current which a device can continuously carry while remaining within its temperature rating. The ampacity of a cable depends on:
- its insulation temperature rating;
- conductor electrical properties for current;
- frequency, in the case of alternating currents;
- ability to dissipate heat, which depends on cable geometry and its surroundings;
- ambient temperature.
Electric wires have some resistance, and electric current flowing through them causes voltage drop and power dissipation, which heats the cable. Copper or aluminum can conduct a large amount of current before melting, but long before the conductors melt, their insulation would be damaged by the heat.
The ampacity for a power cable is thus based on physical and electrical properties of the material & construction of the conductor and of its insulation, ambient temperature, and environmental conditions adjacent to the cable. Having a large overall surface area may dissipate heat well if the environment can absorb the heat.
In a long run of cable, different conditions govern, and installation regulations normally specify that the most severe condition along the run governs the cable's rating. Cables run in wet or oily locations may carry a lower temperature rating than in a dry installation. Derating is necessary for multiple circuits in close proximity. When multiple cables are near, each contributes heat to the others and diminishes the amount of cooling air that can flow past the individual cables. The overall ampacity of the insulated conductors in a bundle of more than 3 must be derated, whether in a raceway or cable. Usually the de-rating factor is tabulated in a nation's wiring regulations.
Depending on the type of insulating material, common maximum allowable temperatures at the surface of the conductor are 60, 75 and 90 degrees Celsius, often with an ambient air temperature of 30°C. In the U.S., 105°C is allowed with ambient of 40°C, for larger power cables, especially those operating at more than 2 kV. Likewise, specific insulations are rated 150, 200 or 250°C.
The allowed current in cables generally needs to be decreased (derated) when the cable is covered with fireproofing material.
For example, the United States National Electric Code, Table 310-16, specifies that up to three 8 AWG copper wires having a common insulating material (THWN) in a raceway, cable, or direct burial has an ampacity of 50 A when the ambient air is 30°C, the conductor surface temperature allowed to be 75°C. A single insulated conductor in air has 70 A rating.
Ampacity rating is normally for continuous current, and short periods of overcurrent occur without harm in most cabling systems. The acceptable magnitude and duration of overcurrent is a more complex topic than ampacity.
When designing an electrical system, one will normally need to know the current rating for the following:- Wires
- Printed Circuit Board traces, where included
- Fuses
- Circuit breakers
- All or nearly all components used
Some devices are limited by power rating, and when this power rating occurs below their current limit, it is not necessary to know the current limit to design a system. A common example of this is lightbulb holders.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ampacity]
Тематики
- электротехника, основные понятия
Синонимы
EN
DE
- Dauerstrombelastbarkeit, f
- Strombelastbarkeit, f
FR
- courant admissible, m
- courant permanent admissible, m
Русско-английский словарь нормативно-технической терминологии > длительный допустимый ток
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22 запускать
. включать•The computer triggers the N2 laser.
•The relay serves to actuate (or energize) the dial mechanism of the clock.
•The incoming start pulse fires the start blocking oscillator.
•A controlled system that contains only inertia, or an analogous quantity, will keep moving forever once it has been set in motion.
•The laser plasma is only the catalyst that serves to turn on (or trigger) the steady-state fusion process.
•Chemical reactions can be initiated in less than a nanosecond by means of high-power pulsed laser.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > запускать
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23 затухать
•There will be time for the transient oscillations to die out before the control system reaches the steady state.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > затухать
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24 называть
•By a long slug is meant one which is long enough to be the subject of a steady-state extrusion.
•This portion of the wave will be denoted (or named, or designated, or called) the stable section.
•When the ratio is unity, the propeller is described as a square propeller.
•This system is designated as Model M-50.
•Such a plot is generally identified as a "Stress-Number of Cycles Curve".
•This phenomenon is known as piping.
•Such absorption is termed chemical.
•This type of magnetism is given the name temporary magnetism.
•Actinomycetales are often spoken of as "higher", "filamentous", or "mouldlike" bacteria.
•This relationship has been labelled as Stefan's law.
•When there are more than two alleles of a given gene, they are said to be multiple alleles.
•The minimum current density needed to start lasing action in a diode is termed (or referred to as) the threshold current density.
Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > называть
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25 статическая устойчивость энергетической системы
Engineering: power system steady-state stabilityУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > статическая устойчивость энергетической системы
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26 стационарная работа компрессора для системы топливного элемента с протонообменной мембраной
Универсальный русско-английский словарь > стационарная работа компрессора для системы топливного элемента с протонообменной мембраной
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27 вращение
( видеоэффект) rotational [rotator] effect тлв, run, rolling, picture rotation, rotation, running, turning, wheel* * *враще́ние с.1. ( вокруг своей оси) rotation; spinningле́вого враще́ния — left-hand(ed), L.H.пра́вого враще́ния — right-hand(ed), R.H.при враще́нии — as [when] smth. rotates2. ( вокруг другого тела) revolution3. ( по круговой траектории) gyrationвраще́ние анте́нны, принуди́тельное — (power) slewingвраще́ние вле́во — anti-clockwise [counter-clockwise] clockwise rotationвну́треннее враще́ние ( молекулы) — internal rotationвраще́ние впра́во — clockwise rotationвстре́чное враще́ние — counterrotationвраще́ние Гала́ктики — galactic rotation, rotation of the Galaxyвраще́ние доме́нов — domain rotationжё́сткое враще́ние — rigid rotationзаторможё́нное враще́ние ( молекулы) — hindered rotationзатруднё́нное враще́ние ( молекулы) — hindered rotationвраще́ние звёзд — stellar rotationле́вое враще́ние — anti-clockwise [counter-clockwise] rotationмолекуля́рное враще́ние — molecular rotationвраще́ние неизменя́емой систе́мы — rigid rotationнесо́бственное враще́ние мат. — improper rotationобра́тное враще́ние1. reverse rotation2. астр. retrograde rotationопти́ческое враще́ние — optical rotationвраще́ние относи́тельно оси́ X ( ось проходит через тело) — rotation about the X-axisвраще́ние пло́скости поляриза́ции — rotation of the plane of polarizationвраще́ние пло́скости поляриза́ции, магни́тное — Faraday effectвраще́ние по часово́й стре́лке — clockwise rotationпра́вое враще́ние1. clockwise rotation2. опт. dextro-rotationпростра́нственное враще́ние — spatial [three-dimensional] rotationвраще́ние про́тив часово́й стре́лки — anti-clockwise [counter-clockwise] rotationравноме́рное враще́ние — uniform rotationравноме́рно-переме́нное враще́ние — uniformly variable rotationсвобо́дное враще́ние — free rotationвраще́ние систе́мы координа́т — rotation of a coordinate systemсо́бственное враще́ние — proper rotationсу́точное враще́ние астр. — diurnal rotationтрёхме́рное враще́ние — spatial [three-dimensional] rotationустанови́вшееся враще́ние — steady-state rotationчи́стое враще́ние — pure [simple] rotationвраще́ние электро́на, со́бственное — spinвраще́ние э́хо-сигна́лов, цикло́нное — cyclonic rotation of echo signals* * * -
28 запускать
. включать•The computer triggers the N2 laser.
•The relay serves to actuate (or energize) the dial mechanism of the clock.
•The incoming start pulse fires the start blocking oscillator.
•A controlled system that contains only inertia, or an analogous quantity, will keep moving forever once it has been set in motion.
•The laser plasma is only the catalyst that serves to turn on (or trigger) the steady-state fusion process.
•Chemical reactions can be initiated in less than a nanosecond by means of high-power pulsed laser.
* * *Запускать -- to set (в действие); to fire (устройство в работу); to start (двигатель); to launch (изделие в производство); to run (компьютерную программу); to neglect (оставлять без внимания)Trigger \#1 was set to fire when the signal voltage fell below the trigger voltage level causing the counter to stop.To see all the ASCII codes and the letters the represent, type in this BASIC program and run it.—запускатьРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > запускать
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29 затухать
•There will be time for the transient oscillations to die out before the control system reaches the steady state.
* * *Затухать -- to decay, to die away (изменяться); to damp (о колебаниях)Relatively large circumferential pressure variations occur near the blockage but die away with increasing downstream distance.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > затухать
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30 называть
•By a long slug is meant one which is long enough to be the subject of a steady-state extrusion.
•This portion of the wave will be denoted (or named, or designated, or called) the stable section.
•When the ratio is unity, the propeller is described as a square propeller.
•This system is designated as Model M-50.
•Such a plot is generally identified as a "Stress-Number of Cycles Curve".
•This phenomenon is known as piping.
•Such absorption is termed chemical.
•This type of magnetism is given the name temporary magnetism.
•Actinomycetales are often spoken of as "higher", "filamentous", or "mouldlike" bacteria.
•This relationship has been labelled as Stefan's law.
•When there are more than two alleles of a given gene, they are said to be multiple alleles.
•The minimum current density needed to start lasing action in a diode is termed (or referred to as) the threshold current density.
* * *см. тж. называтьсяРусско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > называть
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31 обращаясь к
Обращаясь к-- Referring to the schematic of the flow system depicted in Fig., assume that the condenser is initially operating under steady-state conditions.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > обращаясь к
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32 обычный
Обычный - usual, conventional, ordinary, customary; common (общепринятый; частый); standard, regular (немодифицированный)In either case, the system components will be conventional equipment used in present systems.The matrix with its moderate to low yield strength on planes of most orientations will deform plastically at ordinary stress levels.A common method, although perhaps not the best, is to equate the heat generated in steady state to the peak heat flux.Before drawing general conclusions regarding the comparison between modified and regular cutters, it is appropriate first to analyze results from experimental cutting tests.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > обычный
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33 приходить в состояние устойчивого равновесия
Приходить в состояние устойчивого равновесия-- The multi-enzyme system has settled down to a steady state.Русско-английский научно-технический словарь переводчика > приходить в состояние устойчивого равновесия
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34 определяться
[см. продолжительность определяется; тем самым определяется]The characteristics of the spectrum of atmospheric whistlers are determined by the intensity of the magnetic field…Self-excited vibration. The oscillations whose steady-state frequency and amplitude are dependent solely on the properties of the vibratory system… -
35 только
[см. дело не только в; использование космического пространства только в мирных целях; не только …, но и; совместим с … только в отсутствии кислорода; это приходит только с опытом]The oscillations whose steady-state frequency and amplitude are dependent solely on the properties of the vibratory system… -
36 установившийся
The oscillations whose steady-state frequency and amplitude are dependent solely on the properties of the vibratory system… -
37 надежность установившегося режима энергосистемы
Русско-английский словарь по электроэнергетике > надежность установившегося режима энергосистемы
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38 режим
1. м. вчт. regime, condition; operation, mode2. м. conditionsрабочий режим — operating condition; operating variables
режим приёма является нормальным рабочим режимом радиоприёмника — the receive condition is the normal operating conditions of the radio set
Синонимический ряд:1. порядок (сущ.) порядок; распорядок2. строй (сущ.) государственный строй; общественный строй; строй -
39 расход
flow (rate), rate of flow
(количество жидкости или газа, протекающее в единицу времени)
- (количество потребляемой жидкости за к-л. отрезок времени напр., 5-10 мин и т.п.) — consumption
- (потребление, напр., расход топлива по топливомеру) — consumption
-, весовой — mass flow
-, весовой секундный — mass flow rate
- воздуха — air flow
- воздуха, весовой — air mass flow
- воздуха через двигатель — engine air flow
- воздуха через двигатель, потребный — engine air flow required
- давления (напр., из гидроаккумупятора) — pressure dissipation. the accumulator pressure has been dissipated.
- запасных частей, нормируемый — spares requirements
-(-)"заправка" (переключатель) — usage - refuel
- масла — oil consumption
количество масла, безвозвратно расходуемое в двига теле за единицу времени. — quantity of oil consumed by the engine per unit time.
-, мгновенный (подача питания) — (instantaneous) flow rate
расход за единицу времени в данный момент, измеряемый расходомером. — flowmeter measures the average steady-state flow rate or the instantaneous flow rate.
- рулей — amount of controls
величина отклонения рулей (напр., для компенсации крена или рыскания). — smaller amounts of controls are required to counteract the banking and turning tendency.
- рулей, малый — small amount of controls
- руля — amount of control surface displacement /deflection, angular movement: travel/
- руля высоты — amount of elevator displacement
- руля высоты (направпения), попный — full extent of elevator (rudder) displacement
отклонение руля на максимальную величину диапазона отклонения. — applying the elevator to the fullest extent, i.e., complete angular movement about its hinge line.
- руля направпения — amount of rudder displacement
-, секундный — flow rate
-, суммарный (подача воздуxa, жидкости) — total flow
расход за определенный период. — а flow measured for а period of time.
- топлива (подача) — fuel flow
топливная система должна обеспечивать 100 %-ный расход топлива при любом режиме полета или маневрирования. — fuel system must provide 100 percent of the fuel flow required under each intended operating condition and maneuver.
- топлива (количество топлива, потребляемое двигателем за к-л. отрезок времени, напр., 5-10 мин на взлет, набор высоты и т.п.) — fuel consumption
- топлива из баков — tank fuel usage
- топлива, километровый — kilometric fuel consumption, fuel consumption per km
- топлива, мгновенный — (instantaneous) fuel flow rate
- топлива на висении (вертолета) — hovering fuel consumption
- топлива на запуск, опробование двигателей, рулежку, заход на посадку, посадку — fuel for start of engines, taxiing, approach, landing
- топлива на земле — fuel consumed on ground
- топлива на крейсерском режиме полета — cruise /cruising/ fuel (consumption)
- топлива на крейсерском режиме (мгновенный, часовой) — cruise /cruising/ fuel flow (rate)
- топлива на крейсерском режиме при двух работающих двигателях (при м = 0,8) — twin /two/ engine cruise fuel flow (at м = 0.8)
- топлива на мпр (максимально-продолжительном режиме работы двигателя) — fuel consumption at maximum continuous power
- топлива, неравномерный (из, лев. и прав. групп топливных баков) — asymmetric fuel flow (from left and right wing fuel tanks)
- топлива по (заданной) программе — scheduled fuel management, fuel usage according to management schedule
- топлива, попеременный — alternate fuel usage
подача топлива из баков в соответствующий двигатель, кольцевание топлива до уравнивания в группах баков, и подача топлива в соответствующий двигатель до конца полета. — feed from tank to respective engine, crossfeed until tank qualities are equalized, feed from tank to respective engine to end of flight.
- топлива при полете в зоне ожидания — holding fuel (consumption)
- топлива при полете в зоне ожидания, часовой — holding fuel flow (kg/hr)
- топлива при работе двигателя(ей) на земле (часовой) — engine ground run-up fuel flow rate (kg/h)
- топлива, расчетный — estimated fuel consumption
- топлива (из баков), стандартный — standard fuel usage
подача топлива из бака для питания соответствующего двигателя. — feed from tank to respective engine for entire flight.
- топлива, суммарный — total fuel flow
- топлива, текущий (подача) — (instantaneous) fuel flow rate
- топлива, удельный — (specific) fuel consumption (sfc)
количество топлива, расходуемое двигателем за единицу времени, приходящееся на единицу мощности или тяги в час, — the amount of fuel used per horsepower hour. fuel consumption is determined as follows: weight of fuel used per hour divided by horsepower hours.
(кг/лс в час или кг/кг тяги в час) — (kg/hp/h ог kg/kg/ h)
- топлива, уточненный (с учетом поправок на неблагоприятные факторы полета) — corrected fuel consumption
- топлива, часовой (кг или литров в час) — fuel flow rate, fuel flow per hour (ff in kg/hr or liters/hr)
- элерона — amount of aileron displacement
- энергии — power consumption
изменение p. руля высоты на единицу перегрузки — change in displacement of elevator with "n"Русско-английский сборник авиационно-технических терминов > расход
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40 готовность
в режиме готовностиin alertв состоянии готовностиwhen under wayготовность воздушного суднаaircraft readinessготовность выполнятьability performготовность к взлетуreadiness for takeoffготовность к запускуready to startлампа готовности системы флюгированияfeathering arming lightотключать состояние готовности системыunarm the systemприводить в состояние готовностиalert toпроверка готовности экипажа к полетуflight crew supervisionрадиосигнал готовностиradio alertрежим готовностиstandby modeрезервный канал постоянной готовностиhot-standby channelсветовой сигнал готовностиarming lightсветовой сигнал готовности ВППrunway clearance lightсигнал состояния готовностиsteady state signalсигналы готовностиstandby squawkсостояние готовности1. armed condition2. alert 3. standby (к немедленному вылету) состояние готовности воздушного судна к вылетуaircraft alert positionсостояние готовности ВПП к полетамclear runway statusсостояние готовности служб аэродрома по тревогеaerodrome alert status(состояние готовности аэродрома по тревоге) состояние эксплуатационной готовностиoperational availability
См. также в других словарях:
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