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1 TV-49, FM-88.5, Stamford, Connecticut
TV: WEDWУниверсальный русско-английский словарь > TV-49, FM-88.5, Stamford, Connecticut
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2 Connecticut
Штат в группе штатов Новой Англии [ New England]. Площадь - 13 тыс. кв. км. Население 3,4 млн. человек (2000). Столица - Хартфорд [ Hartford]. Крупнейшие города - Бриджпорт [ Bridgeport], Нью-Хейвен [ New Haven], Уотербери [ Waterbury], Стамфорд [ Stamford], Норуок [ Norwalk], Нью-Лондон [ New London]. На юге примыкает к проливу Лонг-Айленд [ Long Island Sound], граничит на востоке с Род-Айлендом [ Rhode Island], на западе с Нью-Йорком [ New York], на севере с Массачусетсом [ Massachusetts]. Был одной из первых тринадцати колоний [ Thirteen Colonies], имеет статус штата с 1788 (5-й по счету). Штат принято делить на три топографических района: горы Таконик [ Taconic Mountains] и Беркширы [ Berkshires, the] на северо-западе, низменность в центре и холмистая местность на востоке (северная часть которого известна как "Тихий уголок" [Quiet Corner]). Основные реки - Коннектикут [ Connecticut River], Хусатоник [ Housatonic River], Темза [Thames River]. Умеренный влажный климат. Голландец Эдриен Блок [Block, Adrien] обследовал р. Коннектикут в 1614; первое европейское поселение - торговый пост на месте современного Хартфорда - было основано в 1633. В это же десятилетие пуритане [ Puritans] из Колонии Массачусетского залива [ Massachusetts Bay Colony] основали Уэзерсфилд [Weathersfield], Хартфорд, Уиндзор [Windsor] и Сэйбрук [Saybrook], а поселенцы из Плимутской колонии [ Plymouth Colony] - колонию Нью-Хейвен [ New Haven Colony]. В 1639 поселения на берегах реки объединились в Коннектикутскую колонию [Connecticut Colony], к которой после 1665 присоединился Нью-Хейвен. До XVIII в. основную роль в экономике играло сельское хозяйство (до сих пор сохраняется роль птицеводства). Ему на смену пришло мануфактурное производство, в том числе металлургическая и текстильная промышленность. Войдя в состав США, штат сразу стал играть важную роль в политике страны, встав в оппозицию к Закону об эмбарго [ Embargo Act] 1807 и Войне 1812 года [ War of 1812, Hartford Convention]. В 1818 штат принял новую конституцию. После Гражданской войны [ Civil War], в которой штат поддерживал Союз [ Union], начался стремительный рост промышленности, иммиграции, урбанизации. Обе мировые войны также способствовали индустриальному развитию, военные заказы смягчили последствия Великой депрессии [ Great Depression]. До последнего времени мощная индустриальная база помогала развитию штата и решению растущих проблем, таких как загрязнение окружающей среды, рост преступности и др. В экономике штата доминирует промышленное производство: авиадвигатели, вертолеты [Sikorsky Helicopter Plant], атомные подводные лодки (отделение по производству подлодок "Дженерал дайнэмикс" [ General Dynamics Corp., Electric Boat Division] в г. Гротоне), вооружения [Colt's Manufacturing Co.], металлоизделия, часы, приборы. В последнее время штат серьезно страдает от конверсии оборонной промышленности (в 1989-94 работу потеряли более 190 тыс. человек). Хартфорд - важный центр страхового бизнеса [ Insurance Capital of the World], Стамфорд - местонахождение штаб-квартир многих крупнейших фирм, Нью-Хейвен известен как место основания в 1701 третьего университета страны - Йельского [ Yale University].English-Russian dictionary of regional studies > Connecticut
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3 Ingersoll, Simon
SUBJECT AREA: Mining and extraction technology[br]b. 3 March 1818 Stamford, Connecticut, USAd. 24 July 1894 Stamford, Connecticut, USA[br]American mechanic, inventor of a rock drill[br]Ingersoll worked on his father's farm and spent much of his time carrying out all kinds of mechanical experiments until 1839, when he went to Long Island, New York, to work on another farm. Having returned home in 1858, he received several patents for different mechanical devices, but he did not know how to turn his inventive talent into economic profit. His patents were sold to others for money to continue his work and support his family. In 1870, working again on Long Island, he by chance came into contact with New York City's largest contractor, who urged him to design a mechanical rock drill in order to replace hand drills in the rock-excavation business. Within one year Ingersoll built several models and a full-size machine at the machine shop of Henry Clark Sergeant, who contributed several improvements. They secured a joint patent in 1871, which was soon followed by a patent for a rock drill with tappet-valve motion.Although the Ingersoll Drill Company was established, he again sold the patent rights and went back to Stamford, where he continued his inventive work and gained several more patents for improving the rock drill. However, he never understood how to make a fortune from his patents, and he died almost penniless. His former partner, Sergeant, who had formed his own drill company on the basis of an entirely novel valve motion which led to compressed air being used as a power source, in 1888 established the Ingersoll- Sergeant Drill Company, which in 1905 merged with Rand Drill Company, which had been a competitor, to form the Ingersoll-Rand Company. This merger led to many achievements in manufacturing rock drills and air compressors at a time when there was growing demand for such machinery.[br]Further ReadingDictionary of American Biography (articles on both Ingersoll and Sergeant). W.L.Saunders, 1910, "The history of the rock drill and of the Ingersoll-Rand Company", Compressed Air Magazine: 3,679–80 (a lively description of the way in which he was encouraged to design the rock drill).WK -
4 WEDW
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5 Willat, Irvin
1890-1976Nacido en Stamford, Connecticut, dirige cinco peliculas sonoras entre 1929 y 1937, aunque antes ha bia dirigido un buen punado de peliculas mudas, con las que tuvo ocasion de abordar distintos generos, entre ellos el western. De hecho, de sus cinco realizaciones sonoras, tres son westerns, en uno de los cuales figura como actriz una tal Rita Cansino, que mas tarde se convertiria en uno de los simbolos sexuales del cine con el nombre definitivo de Rita Hayworth.Old Louisiana. 1937. 60 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Crescent. Tom Keene, Rita Hayworth, Will Morgan, Robert Fiske.Under Strange Flags. 1937. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Crescent. Tom Keene, Luana Walters, Budd Buster.The Luck of Roaring Camp. 1937. 61 minutos. Blanco y Negro. Monogram. Owen Davis, Jr., Joan Woodbury, Charles Brokaw, Sheila Bromley. -
6 Bettini, Gianni
SUBJECT AREA: Recording[br]b. 1860 Novara, Italyd. 27 February 1938 San Remo, Italy[br]Italian developer of equipment for recording, duplicating and reproducing phonograph cylinders.[br]He was a nobleman and an Italian cavalry lieutenant and went to the USA, where he married Daisy Abbott (of Stamford, Connecticut). From 1888 he made amateur recordings of a wide circle of artistic acquaintances and improved the recording diaphragm attachment by the development of a "spider" (a mechanical link that attacks the diaphragm in several points on its surface, rather than in the centre only). From 1892, through the Bettini Phonograph Laboratories, he published recordings of operatic artists and selections, and this led to the development of improved duplicating techniques by the so-called pantographic method. In 1901 he sold his US company and moved to Paris, although he continued to publish both cylinders and discs. In 1908 Bettini made a venture into cinematography, without success.[br]BibliographyUS patent no. 409,003 (the "spider" device). US patent no. 488,381 (duplication).Further ReadingO.Read and W.L.Welch, 1959, From Tin Foil to Stereo, Indianapolis: Howard W.Sams, pp. 69–78.GB-N -
7 Yale, Linus Jr
SUBJECT AREA: Domestic appliances and interiors[br]b. 4 April 1821 Salisbury, New York, USAd. 25 December 1868 New York City, USA[br]American locksmith, inventor of the Yale pin-tumbler cylinder lock.[br]The son of a locksmith, Linus Yale Jr set out to become a portrait painter but gave this up in the 1840s to embark on the same profession as his father. He opened a shop of his own at Shelburne Falls, Massachusetts; his first products were keyoperated bank locks. The Great Exhibition of 1851 in London convinced him that any lock could be picked by someone with the necessary skill; he then turned his attention to the design of combination locks, designing the first doubledial bank lock in 1863. In 1868 he formed a partnership with John Henry Towne and his son Henry Robinson Towne to form the Yale Lock Manufacturing Company in Stamford, Connecticut, to make a patented key lock which incorporated a series of pin tumblers inside a cylinder. The principle of the pin-tumbler mechanism could be traced back to ancient Egypt; in Yale's cylinder lock, the serrations of the correct key raised the pin tumblers to the height at which the cylinder could turn, withdrawing the bolt. These cylinder locks made possible the use of smaller keys and became the foundation of the modern lock industry. Yale died soon after forming his partnership with the Townes.[br]Further ReadingJ.J.Fucini and S.Fucini, 1985, Entrepreneurs, Boston: C.K.Hall \& Co.IMcN
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