spring+cup

πίνω (Hom.+) impf. ἔπινον; fut. πίομαι (W-S. 13, 6; 17; B-D-F §74, 2; 77; Rob. 354), 2 sg. πίεσαι (Ruth 2:9; B-D-F §87; Thackeray p. 218; 282; Rob. 340; Mlt-H. 198); 2 aor. ἔπιον (on ἔπιαν 1 Cor 10:4 D s. B-D-F §81, 3; Mlt-H. 208), impv. πίε, πιέτω, inf. πιεῖν (edd. contracted πεῖν [πῖν]; s. B-D-F §101 p. 48; §31, 2; W-S. §5, 23b; Rob. 72; 204; Mayser 365; Thackeray p. 63f; W-H., app. 170); perf. πέπωκα; plpf. 3 sg. πεπώκει 1 Km 30:12 (W-S. §13, 15; B-D-F §83, 1).

① to take in a liquid internally, drink, w. acc. of someth. that is drunk Mt 6:25; Mk 16:18; Lk 12:29. αἷμα (Num 23:24; 1 Ch 11:19 al.; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]): J 6:53f, 56 (cp. the imagery in Jos., Bell. 5, 344 ἐσθίειν … καὶ τὸ τῆς πόλεως αἷμα πίνειν). οἶνον Lk 1:15 (cp. Dt 29:5); 5:39; cp. Mt 26:29b; Ro 14:21 (Is 22:13) al. τί πίωμεν; what will we have to drink? Mt 6:31. φαγεῖν καὶ πιεῖν ὅσον ἄν βούλωνται MPol 7:2. ἐσθίειν καὶ πίνειν τὰ παρά τινος eat and drink what someone sets before one Lk 10:7. Foll. by ἀπό τινος drink (of) someth. (Ctesias: 688 Fgm. 1lβ p. 433 Jac. [Sotion Fgm. 17 in Παραδοξογράφοι W. p. 185] π. ἀπʼ αὐτῆς [a spring], resulting in confession of things perpetrated in secret; Ael. Aristid. 39, 4 K.=18 p. 409 D.; Jer 28:7; GrBar 4:6; Just., D. 140, 1) 22:18. μηδεὶς φαγέτω μηδὲ πιέτω ἀπὸ τῆς εὐχαριστίας D 9:5. Foll. by ἔκ τινος (of) someth. (Gen 9:21; TestJos 19:5; GrBar 5:2; Syntipas p. 43, 15 ἐκ τοῦ δηλητηρίου πίομαι) Mt 26:29a; Mk 14:25a; J 4:13f. Foll. by acc. of the vessel fr. which one drinks, in which case the vessel and its contents are identified (ποτήριον a) ποτήριον κυρίου πίνειν 1 Cor 10:21; cp. 11:26f. The vessel can also be introduced by ἐκ (Hipponax [VI B.C.] 16 and 17 D.²; Aristoph., Equ. 1289; Pla., Rep. 417a; X., An. 6, 1, 4 ἐκ ποτηρίων; SIG 1168, 80) ἐκ τοῦ ποτηρίου πινέτω (s. 2 Km 12:3) 1 Cor 11:28; cp. Mt 26:27; Mk 14:23. Likew. ἐξ αὐτοῦ (=ἐκ τοῦ φρέατος.—Paus. Attic. κ, 56 κρήνη, ἐξ ἧς ἔπινον; Num 21:22; Philo, Deus Imm. 155) from it J 4:12. ἐκ πέτρας 1 Cor 10:4b.—On the acc. κρίμα ἑαυτῷ ἐσθίει καὶ πίνει 11:29b cp. κρίμα 4b.—Abs. Mt 27:34b. W. ἐσθίειν 11:18f; Lk 5:33; 12:19 (Phoenix Col. 1, 9 [Coll. Alex. p. 231]), 45 al.; cp 17:8 (on the protocol in 17:7 cp. ViAesopi G 61 P.). ἔφαγεν καὶ ἔπιεν 1 Cl 3:1 (cp. Dt. 32:15); I Tr 9:1. οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ φαγεῖν οὔτε ἐπὶ τὸ πεῖν (=πιεῖν) AcPl Ox 6, 7f (=Aa 1, 241, 12f). τρώγειν καὶ π. Mt 24:38; cp. 1 Cor 15:32. ἐσθίειν καὶ π. μετά τινος eat and drink w. someone Mt 24:49; Mk 2:16 v.l.; Lk 5:30. δοῦναί τινι πιεῖν (τι) give someone someth. to drink (numerous exx. of δοῦναι πιεῖν in AKnox and WHeadlam, Herodas 1922 p. 55f; Jos., Ant. 2, 64) Mt 27:34a; Mk 15:23 v.l.; J 4:7 (δὸς πεῖν as POxy 1088, 55 [I A.D.] and Cyranides p. 49, 16. Cp. Lamellae Aur. Orphicae ed. AOlivieri 1915 p. 12 σοι δώσουσι πιεῖν θείης ἀπὸ κρήνης [IV/III B.C.]), vs. 10. πῶς παρʼ ἐμοῦ πεῖν αἰτεῖς, how can you ask me for a drink? vs. 9.—In imagery, of the earth: γῆ ἡ πιοῦσα τὸν ὑετόν Hb 6:7 (this figure and corresp. exprs. Trag. et al.; cp. Hdt. 3, 117; 4, 198; Anacreontea 21, 1; Dt 11:11; SibOr 3, 696). In J, Jesus calls those who are thirsty to him, that they may drink the water he gives them and never thirst again (cp. Lucian, Dial. Deor. 4, 5 πίνειν τῆς ἀθανασίας) J 4:14; 7:37.

② In an idiom πιεῖν τὸ ποτήριον w. added words that make the sense clear drink the cup=submit to a severe trial, or death (ποτήριον b) Mt 20:22f; Mk 10:38f; J 18:11; cp. Mt 26:42; ApcPt Rainer 16 (for the fig. use cp. Herodas 1, 25 π. ἐκ καινῆς=from the new cup. Then, as Mt 20:22f; Mk 10:38f of those who suffer the same fate: Aristoph., Eq. 1289 οὔποτʼ ἐκ ταὐτοῦ μεθʼ ἡμῶν πίεται ποτηρίου=he will never drink from the same cup as we do; Libanius, Ep. 355, 4 F. μνήμη τῶν ἐκ ταὐτοῦ κρατῆρος πεπωκότων). Sim. πίεται ἐκ τοῦ οἴνου τοῦ θυμοῦ τοῦ θεοῦ Rv 14:10; cp. 18:3 (on the rdg. s. RBorger, TRu 52, ’87, 50f; θυμός 1; 2; cp. w. acc. τρώγειν καὶ π. τὸν λόγον τοῦ θεοῦ, τὸν τῆς ἀθανασίας ἄρτον Iren. 4, 38, 1 [Harv. II 293, 12]).—B. 331. DELG s.v. πίνω. M-M. EDNT. TW.

ὕδωρ, ατος, τό (Hom.+; loanw. in rabb.) water

① in a material sense, as an element Dg 8:2 (Ar. 5, 1f; Ath. 18, 3; s. στοιχεῖον 1). Of the ocean 1 Cl 33:3; pl. Hv 1, 3, 4 (cp. Ps 135:6, w. the sing. as v.l.; JosAs 12:3; Just., A I, 60, 6). The earth (before the Deluge) formed ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ διʼ ὕδατος 2 Pt 3:5 (cp. HDiels, Doxographi Graeci 1879 p. 276, 12 [Θαλῆς] ἐξ ὕδατός φησι πάντα εἶναι καὶ εἰς ὕδωρ πάντα ἀναλύεσθαι; JChaine, Cosmogonie aquatique et conflagration finale d’après 2 Pt: RB 46, ’37, 207–16. S. also Artem. 1, 77 p. 70, 6 al. ἐξ ὕδατος ἢ διʼ ὕδατος). Of the waters of the Deluge 1 Pt 3:20; 2 Pt 3:6. σίφων ὕδατος a water-pump Hm 11:18. κεράμιον ὕδατος a water jar (s. κεράμιον) Mk 14:13; Lk 22:10. ποτήριον ὕδατος (Just., A I, 65, 3; 66, 4; PGen 51, 9) a cup of water Mk 9:41. Water for washing Mt 27:24; Lk 7:44; J 13:5. Cp. Hs 9, 10, 3. Water fr. a well J 4:7 (TestAbr A 3 p. 79f [Stone p. 7f] ὕδωρ ἀπὸ τοῦ φρέατος); fr. a spring Js 3:12 (γλυκὺ ὕδωρ; s. γλυκύς, also Demetr.: 722 Fgm. 4 Jac.; ParJer 9:18; Just., D. 86, 1; Herm. Wr. 13, 17); of a stream Rv 16:12 (cp. ParJer 6:25 τοῦ ὕδατος τοῦ Ἰορδάνου; Just., D. 88, 3).—τὸ ὕδωρ specif.=the river Mt 3:16; Mk 1:10; =the pool J 5:3f, 7; =the lake Lk 8:24, pl. Mt 8:32; 14:28f; =the spring, etc. pl. Rv 8:11ab; cp. πηγαὶ (τῶν) ὑδάτων vs. 10; 14:7; 16:4 (Just. A I, 64, 1); =the mountain torrent pl. Hv 1, 1, 3; cp. GJs 18:3. Of waters gener., or not more exactly defined Mt 17:15. ὕδωρ τι Ac 8:36a. Cp. vs. 38f. Pl. Mk 9:22. ὕδατα πολλά (Ps 28:3) J 3:23; Rv 17:1; ὕδατα ταῦτα GJs 3:2. φωνὴ ὑδάτων πολλῶν the sound of many waters (Ps 92:4) Rv 1:15; 14:2; 19:6 (Mussies 82). χεόμενα ὕδατα water that is poured out Ox 840, 32f. γεμίσαι ὕδωρ draw water GJs 11:1 (cp. TestAbr A 3 p. 79, 34 [Stone p. 6]).—After Num 15:16ff of trial by water ὕδωρ τῆς ἐλέγξεως GJs 16:1. W. bread as that which is necessary to maintain life Hs 5, 3, 7 (cp. Am 8:11; JosAs 10:2; 4 [6] Esdr [POxy 1010]); AcPl Ha 4, 4. In contrast to wine J 2:9 (ApcEsdr 4:27). W. blood J 19:34 (s. αἷμα 1a). Christ came διʼ ὕδατος καὶ αἵματος and ἐν τῷ ὕδατι καὶ ἐν τῷ αἵματι 1J 5:6abc; cp. vs. 8 (s. διά A 1a, ἐν 5aβ and ἔρχομαι 1bα). Gener. of John’s baptism by water (alone), opp. πνεῦμα Mt 3:11; Mk 1:8; Lk 3:16; J 1:33 (26, 31); Ac 1:5; 11:16. Of Christian baptism, the new birth ἐξ ὕδατος καὶ πνεύματος J 3:5 (on the originality of the rdg. ὕδατος καί s. Hdb.³ ad loc.; Bultmann 98, 2; cp. Just., D. 138, 3 διʼ ὕδατος καὶ πίστεως καὶ ξύλου), 8 v.l. Cp. Ac 10:47 AcPl Ha 3, 32. καθαρίσας τῷ λουτρῷ τοῦ ὕδατος ἐν ῥήματι Eph 5:26. λελουσμένοι τὸ σῶμα ὕδατι καθαρῷ Hb 10:22 (καθαρός 1). Even the OT points to the water of baptism B 11:1ab, 8ab, which Christ has consecrated by his own baptism IEph 18:2. The symbolic language of Hermas makes many allusions to the baptismal water: διʼ ὕδατος ἀναβαίνειν Hs 9, 16, 2. εἰς ὕδωρ καταβαίνειν m 4, 3, 1; Hs 9, 16, 6. The tower (=God’s assembly, church) is built ἐπὶ ὑδάτων Hv 3, 2, 4; 3, 3, 5ab, ὅτι ἡ ζωὴ ὑμῶν διὰ ὕδατος ἐσώθη καὶ σωθήσεται 3, 3, 5c. Acc. to D 7:1, when at all poss., ὕδωρ ζῶν running water (ζάω 4) is to be used in baptizing. Cp. 7:2.

② transcendent life-giving medium, water, fig. ext. of 1, with the transition marked by J 4:10f, where (τὸ) ὕδωρ (τὸ) ζῶν (cp. JosAs 14:12; 1QH 8:7 and CD 6:4 [s. also 3:16]) is partly spring water and partly a symbol of the benefits conferred by Jesus (OCullmann, ThZ 4, ’48, 367f.—For the imagery cp. Sir 15:3.—Cp. 1QH 8:4). Cp. 7:38; 4:14abc (cp. Sir 24:21); IRo 7:2 (cp. OdeSol 11:6; Anacreontea 12, 7 p. 9 Preisendanz λάλον ὕδωρ). ὕδωρ (τῆς) ζωῆς water of life (s. Hdb. exc. on J 4:14; REisler, Orphisch-dionys. Mysteriengedanken in der christl. Antike: Vorträge der Bibl. Warburg II/2, 1925, 139ff; Herm. Wr. 1, 29 ἐτράφησαν ἐκ τοῦ ἀμβροσίου ὕδατος) Rv 21:6 (the award granted a conquering hero; cp. Pind., I. 6, 74); 22:1, 17. βεβάμμεθα ἐν ὕδασι ζωῆς Ox 840, 43f. ζωῆς πηγαὶ ὑδάτων springs of living water Rv 7:17.—SEitrem, Opferritus u. Voropfer der Griechen u. Römer 1915, 78ff, Beiträge z. griech. Religionsgesch. III 1920, 1ff; MNinck, Die Bed. des Wassers im Kult u. Leben der Alten 1921; AKing, Holy Water: A Short Account of the Use of Water for Ceremonial and Purificatory Purposes in Pagan, Jewish, and Christian Times 1926; TCanaan, Water and the ‘Water of Life’ in Palest. Superstition: JPOS 9, 1929, 57–69.—B. 35; BHHW III 2138–41 (lit.).—DELG. M-M. TW.

φρέ-αρ, ep. [full] φρεῖαρ Nic.Th. 486, τό, gen. φρέᾱτος (v. sub fin.), [var] contr.

A

φρητός IGRom.1.1167C6

(Egypt, i A. D.), Hdn.Gr.1.409; [dialect] Ep. dat.

φρέᾰτι h.Cer.99

(s. v.l.),

φρητί Call.Cer.15

; pl. φρέᾱτα, also

φρῆτα PCair.Zen.499.12

(iii B. C.); [dialect] Ep. pl. φρείᾰτα (v. infr.):— an artificial well (thus distd. from κρήνη, cf. Hdt.4.120, D.14.30; but φ. ἀσφάλτον naphtha-spring, LXXGe.14.10, cf. Hdt.6.119),

πᾶσαι κρῆναι καὶ φρείατα μακρὰ νάουσιν Il.21.197

; the stem φρεατ - first in h.Cer.l.c.

2 later, tank, cistern, reservoir, Hdt.1.68, Th.2.48,49, PHal.1.98 (iii B. C.), etc.;

εἰς φ. καταβαίνειν καὶ κολυμβᾶν Pl.La. 193c

, cf. Prt. 350a;

φ. ὀρώρυκται S.E.M.8.129

; ποιητὰ φ., v. ποιητός 1: generally, pit,

φ. διαφθορᾶς LXX Ps.54

(55). 24.

b perh. oil-jar, Ar.Pl. 810.

3 metaph.,

εἰς φρέατά τε καὶ πᾶσαν ἀπορίαν ἐμπίπτων Pl.Tht. 174c

; ἐν φρέατι συσχόμενος ib. 165b; ἡ περὶ τὸ φ. ὄρχησις, prov. of persons 'on the brink of a volcano', Plu.2.68b; λύκος περὶ φ. χορεύει prov. ap. Hsch., Phot.; πίνειν ἐξ ἀργυροῦ φρέατος, i.e. a large wine-cup, Ath.5.192a, cf. Chamaeleon ap.eund.11.461c. [[dialect] Att. gen.

φρέᾱτος Ar.Ec. 1004

, Fr. 295, Stratt.57 (troch.), Alex.179, Apollod.Gel.1.] (Orig. frhvṛ, gen. frhvṇ τος, cf. Arm. albiur 'well', Goth. and OE. brunna 'stream, burn', Lat. ferveo, defrutum.)